Windows Server 2003 DNS full introduction (i)

In the current application, two kinds of name systems are used mainly: DNS name System and NetBIOS name System. However, DNS becomes a common naming convention on the Internet.

1.NetBIOS Name System

It uses a name that is no longer than 16 characters to uniquely identify each network resource. The forward 15 characters in the name can be specified by the user, and each 16 character is a hexadecimal number of 00 to FF, which identifies the resource or service type. In practice, the computer name, workgroup name, or domain name that is seen by "Network Neighborhood" in the Windows operating system is the NetBIOS name.

2.DNS Name System

DNS names are usually expressed in the form of the FQDN (fully qualified domain name, fully qualified field name), which consists of a host name and a domain name. For example: www.landon.com is a typical FQDN, where www is the host name, which represents a host in the domain name limit; landon.com is a domain name that represents a region or a range.

DNS name space

The DNS name system is hierarchical, and the domain is the basic unit of its hierarchy, and any one domain is at most one parent domain, but can have multiple or no subordinate domains. You cannot have the same subordinate domain or host name in the same domain, but you can have the same subordinate domain name or host name in different domains.

1. root domain: (root domain) root domains are only one, the root domain is the default, generally do not need to be expressed. The DNS namespace is managed by the InterNIC in the United States responsible for administering the domain. All DNS names around the world are not saved in the root domain server, where only the DNS server name and IP address of the top-level domain are stored. The DNS server for each layer is responsible only for managing the DNS server name and IP address for the next level of domain.

2. Top-level domain (top-level domain,tld)

The first level of domain below the root domain is the top-level domain. The top-level domain is on the far right. There are two types of partitioning methods for top-level domains: The mechanism domain and the geographical domain. For example:. com is an organization domain. CN is a geographical domain.

3. Subdomains at all levels (subdomain)

In addition to the root domain and top-level domains, other domains are called subdomains. A domain can have more than one child domain.

4. Hostname (host name)

On the far left is the domain host name.

5. Reverse Domain (IN-ADDR.ARPA)

The reverse domain uses a byte value of an IP address to represent a subdomain, so the reverse domain in-addr.arpa is divided into 256 subdomains, each of which represents a possible value of 0-255 for that byte. According to the same method, each subdomain can be further divided into 256 subdomains. In this way, each subdomain can continue to be partitioned until all the address spaces are represented in the reverse domain.

Resolution method of DNS name

There are two main types: one is through the Hosts file resolution, the second is through DNS server resolution.

1.HOSTS file

This is the original query method, it is manually input, delete, modify all DNS names and IP address corresponding data. Obviously the network is not applicable when larger. In WIN2003, the Hosts file is located in the%systemroot%\system32\drivers\etc directory. is a plain text file

2.DNS server: The most commonly used currently.