Wireless Access Network GSM network optimization

China's wireless access network is still widely used, and it is also very important to optimize the network. So I studied the GSM network optimization problem of the Wireless Access Network, I would like to share it with you here and hope it will be useful to you. With the development of the mobile communication industry, the network scale continues to grow, and the number of mobile users is increasing. In the early stages of development, the Radio Access Network (DTS) was transformed into a cellular network in the streets and rural areas. This made the optimization of the wireless access network increasingly complex and arduous. At the same time, mobile users are increasingly sensitive to the service quality of wireless access networks. The introduction of mobile communication competition mechanism makes the service quality of wireless networks more important to operators and becomes an important bargaining chip for the success or failure of business. Early Development and large scale Wireless Access networks have factors such as engineering issues and complicated network structures. to compete in the market, network optimization becomes more important.

I. Scope of Network Optimization

Network optimization is a high-level maintenance task. It uses new technologies and optimization tools to rationally adjust network parameters and network resources to improve network quality. Indoor distribution, frequency hopping, concentric circles, DTX, and power control can be used to reduce interference, increase network capacity, and improve the wireless access network environment. by adjusting the antenna angle, gain, and azimuth, pitch angle and power, select the best site, adjust the carrier frequency configuration, balance the traffic distribution, improve the network quality, and obtain the best coverage effect.

2. network optimization is the sublimation of basic maintenance

After basic maintenance is done, the device integrity rate can be ensured. To improve the network quality, you must optimize the network parameters, that is, network optimization. Only by optimizing the network can basic maintenance be fully reflected. Maintenance is a management service and a management service for users. The ultimate goal of maintenance is to provide high-quality network services for online users. Only through network optimization can maintenance be achieved, maintenance has practical significance.

Iii. network optimization is a continuous task

1. Because the factors that affect the network quality are not static, network optimization should continue with the changes in network parameters and environment. Various regions, especially in recent years, have witnessed rapid economic development and the emergence of high-rise buildings in cities. This has changed the signal transmission environment of Wireless Access Networks and may lead to new blind spots and internal interference from the system. In addition, the traffic distribution is also changing. Higher traffic demands may occur in areas where there is no traffic or traffic is small, and the network needs to be adjusted in time to absorb traffic.

2. Engineering Construction will seriously change network parameters. Although the engineering planning is to be perfect, it is difficult for the planners to adjust the parameters to the optimal state, which will inevitably lead to interference and traffic imbalance, this requires network optimization.

3. the upgrade of the wireless access network software and hardware version also changes the parameters in some BSC databases. You also need to adjust the parameter settings to implement network optimization.

Therefore, network optimization is a long-term, persistent, and arduous maintenance task. Simply put, network optimization is required as long as the network is operated for one day. The importance and durability of network optimization determine that the network optimization work must be carried out continuously by cities and cities based on the actual conditions of the local area. any short-term and sudden-impact optimization has little effect in the long run. Next, we will discuss several hot issues, such as indoor coverage, the role of antennas in network optimization, dropped calls, and virtual network layering, to achieve the goal of learning together.

Iv. Significance of Indoor Coverage Optimization

As the density of base stations in the urban area increases and the optimization work goes deeper, the outdoor coverage of the city has basically been seamlessly connected, and the voice quality has been further improved. Because the user's use of mobile phones in large buildings, especially hotels, commercial and commercial centers, large shopping malls, and parking lots, is growing, users are no longer satisfied with mobile communication services with good outdoor coverage, and network operators are also required to provide services with good indoor coverage, however, due to the reasons of the building body, such as the thick wall, large area, and high floor, such a place is often a blind area or poor signal covered by the network. In particular, the signal penetration capability of the GSM system used by most users is weaker than that of the simulation system, and the phenomenon is more obvious. Therefore, solving indoor coverage, meeting users' needs, and improving the communication quality of networks has become an important part of engineering construction and network optimization.

In a narrow sense, the indoor coverage problem only improves the blind area of the indoor coverage and solves the problem of phone calls. In a broad sense, the indoor coverage problems include the improvement of indoor Mobile Communication voice quality, network quality, and system capacity. In addition to providing coverage for communication blind spots such as the basement, the first and second floors, at the same time, it should also improve the communication failure, intermittent interruption, and fail-over caused by reception of messy and unstable signals from multiple directions on the high-rise buildings. In addition, indoor coverage, as a means of expansion, shares the traffic of outdoor base stations in high traffic areas and increases the network capacity, so that indoor traffic can be absorbed indoors and the same frequency interference can be reduced. In addition, good indoor coverage is of great significance for improving the image of network operators, providing users with better and better communication services anytime and anywhere, and enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises.

5. methods and measures for improving indoor coverage

1. Increase Outdoor Signal to solve indoor coverage
Place direct stations near areas with indoor blind spots, or increase the transmission power of base stations covering the area, increase the outdoor signal strength, and use the electromagnetic wave penetration capability to solve indoor coverage problems. The advantage of this method is that it is simple and fast, does not need to invest a lot, the project workload is small, does not need to make wiring in the building, and the construction speed is fast. This method is not perfect for some networks. On the one hand, it not only solves the problem of indoor coverage, but also solves the problem of coverage and traffic absorption in the surrounding areas. However, where the network is already relatively complete and the base station is intensive, it is not wise to use this method, especially when using direct station, the impact on the system may be less than the loss of indoor coverage for these Parties. The disadvantage of this method is that frequency planning is required, and sometimes the network must be adjusted frequently. At the same time, this method is not a comprehensive solution to the problem. For basement, large buildings, and buildings using metal glass curtain walls, the room may still be quite blind, therefore, this method cannot meet the coverage requirements of large indoor buildings.

2. Indoor Signal Distribution System Mode
Building an indoor distribution system is the most effective solution to indoor coverage. The most fundamental difference between it and the previous solution is to direct the wireless access network signals to each area of the room by means of cables, eliminate indoor coverage blind spots and suppress interference, provide stable and reliable signals for indoor users, so that users can enjoy high-quality communication services indoors. In the design of this scheme, the signal should be considered not to leak out of the building, but to interfere with the network.

Vi. Composition of Indoor Distribution System

The indoor distribution system is mainly composed of three parts: Signal Source Equipment micro-cell, Macro Cell base station or indoor direct station ); coaxial Cable, optical cable, leak cable, electrical terminal machine, optical terminal machine, etc.) for indoor cabling and related equipment; trunk amplifier, power splitter, coupler, indoor antenna and other equipment.

The main factors to consider in building indoor coverage are: the blocking of the wall is 5 ~ 20 dB, floor blocking is 20 dB, furniture and other obstacles are blocked by 2 ~ 15dB, multi-path fading, "Island Effect" and "ping-pong effect" on high-rise buildings ". The impact of various indoor environments on the wireless access network environment is significant, which should be considered comprehensively in engineering design and optimization.