XP grub4dos hard disk installation and startup FreeBSD-8.0-i386 + GNOME Desktop

XP grub4dos hard disk installation and startup FreeBSD-8.0-i386 + GNOME Desktop

 

Title: XP grub4dos hard drive installation and startup FreeBSD-8.0-i386 + GNOME Desktop
[Black brackets indicate description, # represents the superuser shell, $ represents the normal User Shell ,~ Representative home directory]

Content:
10. installation environment
ThinkPad
X61--2G memory, x3100 graphics card, 120g hard disk, ADSL, has installed XP, hard disk partition is as follows:
[1] 5 GB-Primary Partition
-XP system partition-ad4s1-(hd0, 0)
[2] 3G-Primary partition-XP backup partition-ad4s2-(hd0, 1)
[3] 40 GB-Primary Partition
-Partition to FB-ad4s3-(hd0, 2)
[4] 70 GB-extended partition-XP user partition-ad4s4-(hd0, 3)

I. Preparations
1. Download the 8.0-RELEASE-i386-bootonly.iso and 8.0-RELEASE-i386-dvd1.iso two files as well as the grub4dos-0.4.4; [disc1
SRC
Incomplete files]
2. Create a DOS tool disk, which can be a boot disc or a boot USB flash disk. The diskgen software can be used to repair MBR (Master Boot Record );
3. Format ad4s2 as a FAT32 partition (the primary partition must be the logical partition FB does not recognize it), and then extract the 8.0-release directory from the image to the partition, change this document to an English name and put it in this partition. [if you want to install Xorg and gnome from the CD, decompress the packages directory]
4. Set the grub boot Disc
4-1-copy grldr and menu. lst in the grub4dos folder to the C root directory;
4-2-Modify the boot. ini file of drive C and add a line at the end
C: \ grldr = "go to grub-0.4.4 ";
4-3-Modify the menu. LST file of drive C and add:
Title
FreeBSD [After FreeBSD is installed, you can go in from here]
Root (hd0, 2, A) [locate the root directory of FB]
Chainloader
+ 1

Title install FreeBSD [boot disk]
Find -- Set-Root
/8.0-RELEASE-i386-bootonly.iso
Map -- MEM/8.0-RELEASE-i386-bootonly.iso
(Hd32)
Map -- hook
Chainloader
(Hd32)
Boot
4-4-copy the 8.0-RELEASE-i386-bootonly.iso file to the C-drive root directory;
4-5-After restart, go to the menu [go to grub-0.4.4] and select [install
FreeBSD] Option to enter the FreeBSD installer.

Ii. Install FreeBSD Basic System
0. Operation Method of sysinstall: select the options for the up and down keys, and select whether to change the space; select "OK" or "cancel" for the left and right keys, and press the Enter key to execute;
1. Select 45 China for the country and default for keyboard ing;
2. Go to the PM select patition menu and delete the ad4s3 partition before creating the FreeBSD slice (equivalent to the extended partition under XP ); select the last option when setting the bootstrap -- do not change. [Currently, the second option has very few problems. The last option is often the same as the first action. If the MBR is modified by FB, XP cannot be entered, use the dostool diskgen to set the XP system partition as activity, modify the Master Boot Record, and save and exit. When entering, the system prompts that the hard disk parameter is incorrect, ignore or press the G key to change it to the [diskgen] detection parameter. Mine is 15505/240/63. Check the partition number. If the Partition Number is incorrect, please partition 'start' in XP
After backing up data, use the partition tool to delete it and then create it]
3. Enter the label menu to partition slice. My partitions are as follows:
/-500 m, swap-1G,/var-1G,/tmp-500M,/usr-10G,/home-27G [If You Want To compile Ooo, it is best to give/usr directory more than 20g space]
4. For distributions, select base + kernels + MAN + Src in custom and msdosfs as the installation media;
5. Go to the configure menu and select root.
Password: Set the root password. You can also enter passwd settings at the prompt. After setting the password, exit the installer.
[If you want to install Xorg and gnome from the CD, select packages in the configure menu after installing FB to choose gnome2 -*. *. * And Xorg -*. * select portupgrade as well]

Iii. Energy settings
# Mount_msdosfs
/Dev/ad4s2
/Mnt
In tty0, use EE to view this document and copy commands, and then use Alt + F2 to open tty1 for command Pasting and running.
1. Set powerd
# Powerd [enable First]
# Ee
Add/etc/rc. conf:
Powerd_enable = "yes"
Powerd_flags = "-A adaptive-B adaptive
-N adaptive"
# Add EE/etc/sysctl. conf:
Debug. cpufreq. Lowest = 400
Set the Minimum CPU frequency to MHz]
2. Set ACPI-IBM-extra
# Ee/boot/loader. conf
Add:
Acpi_ibm_load = "yes"
[ACPI extension module for IBM notebook]

Iv. Nic settings
1. Use the sysinstall command to enter [networking/interfaces] In the configure menu to set the network and wake up the NIC.
Server] If one item is left blank, it will be automatically obtained and added when dialing;
2. Set pppoe
2-1-configuration file
# Ee/etc/PPP. conf
Modify the content:
【!!! Note: Both the default and pppoe rows have the top level. Other rows have spaces in the capital. If the top level is also the top level, the system will prompt that the dial fails if colon is missing. Have you ever used a colon ?]
[The network is very important. If you have reached this level, it is estimated that new users will go crazy]
Default:
Set
Log phase Tun command
Enable DNS [Dynamically Retrieve the Internet Domain Name Server address]
Pppoe:
Set Device
Pppoe: em0: pppoe-in [em0 is the name of the NIC device, which can be found in ifconfig]
Set authname *** [user name]
Set
Authkey ***** [the dial-up password; the FB password is still clear, but this does not seem very important]
Set dial
Set Login
Set
Redial 0 0
Set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0 [required for Auto Dialing]
Add default
Hisaddr [Add the default route and save it in the/etc/resolv. conf file]

# PPP-ddial pppoe
Manual dialing first]
2-2-enable automatic dialing
# Ee/etc/rc. conf
Add:
Ppp_enable = "yes"
Ppp_mode = "ddial"
Ppp_profile = "pppoe"

V. FreeBSD source code synchronization, secure update, and kernel Compilation
1. Source Code Synchronization [if installed
SRC can jump over]
# Cp/usr/share/examples/CVSup/standard-supfile ~
# Cd
# Ee
Standard-supfile [change * default host content to www.cn.freebsd.org]
# Csup-L 2
Standard-supfile]
2. Security Update
# FreeBSD-Update
Fetch [Patch acquisition; some are Binary packages, and some are source code directly]
# FreeBSD-Update
Install [patch installation; most binary patches can be added. The source code patch takes effect only after the kernel is compiled]
3. Compile the kernel
# Cd
/Usr/src/sys/i386/CONF/
# Cp generic ~ /X61knl
# Ln-S ~ /X61knl
# Ee
~ /X61knl [Delete with Ctrl + K if you don't need it, or comment out with #. For the meaning of each option, go to the online search or query manual]
# Cd/usr/src
# Make
Buildkernel kernconf = x61knl
# Make installkernel
Kernconf = x61knl

Vi. Preparations for using portupgrade
1. Ports synchronization [Faster than csup]
# Ee
/Etc/portsnap. conf
Change servername to portsnap.cn.freebsd.org
# Portsnap fetch
Extract [update ports with portsnap fetch
Update]
[Directory where the query software is located in ports: whereis is used for full program names; ECHO is used for fuzzy query, for example, ECHO/usr/ports/* fire *
Query software with fire in its name]
2. Set the path for Binary installation and source code installation. [I prefer binary installation, supplemented by source code installation]
# Ee/root/. cshrc
Add: [set the binary installation capture path]
Setenv packagesite
Ftp://ftp.cn.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-8-stable/All/

# Setenv packagesite
Ftp://ftp.cn.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-8-stable/All/
[Execute first, or log on again]
# Ee/etc/make. conf
Add: [Set Source Code installation capture path]
Master_site_backup? = \
Ftp://ftp.cn.freebsd.org/pub/freebsd/distfiles/##dist_subdir }/\
Ftp://ftp.kr.freebsd.org/pub/freebsd/distfiles/##dist_subdir }/\
Ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/freebsd/distfiles/##dist_subdir }/
Master_site_override? =$ {Master_site_backup}
Batch = Yes [automatically confirm all the dialog boxes as "OK "]
3. Install portupgrade [do not interrupt the database update process. Use this feature when you delete the software.
Give pkg_deinstall a chance before pkg_delete]
# Pkg_add-R
Portupgrade -*_*,*
[The three numbers * represent the version number. You can use whereis to find the ports directory and open its makefile to see the three versions]
[Or go to the ports directory of portupgrade and execute make
Install the clean command. If portupgrade is already installed, use portupgrade-RP.
Portupgrade]
[Portupgrade parameter description:-N installs new software.-P preferentially uses binary packages,-PP only uses binary packages,-r updates dependencies, and-
Update all]
# Rehash

VII. Xorg installation, video card setup, and gnome installation and setup [Xorg integrates a large number of open-source drivers including intel, ATI, and NV graphics cards]
1. Install Xorg. skip this step if Xorg has been installed on a CD]
# Portupgrade
-NP Xorg [or Xorg-minimal (the smallest Binary Package only has the VESA driver, and the proprietary driver needs to be installed separately )]
2. Set RC. conf
# Ee
/Etc/rc. conf
Add:
Dbus_enable = "yes" [Xorg startup requirements]
Hald_enable = "yes" [Xorg startup requirements]
Polkit_enable = "yes"
3. Input
After reboot is restarted, enter:
# Xorg-configure [generate/root/Xorg. conf. New]
# X-config
/Root/Xorg. conf. New
-Retro
[Test the generated file. If a square grid exists and the mouse is normal, the test is successful. Use CTL + ALT + F2 to switch to tty1 and press CTL + C to exit the test]
[In addition, the gnome startup does not require the Xorg. conf file, so you do not need to copy it to/etc/X11]
4. Install gnome. [skip this step if gnome has been installed on a CD]
# Portupgrade
-NP gnome2 [or a gnome2-lite, but the simplified version requires you to install the agent, multimedia player, compression and decompression software, etc]
5. Start gnome
# Ee
/Etc/rc. conf
Add:
Gdm_enable = "yes"
6. gdm2.28 do not display the logon window [2.26 On the DVD]
# Ee/etc/fstab
Add a row:
Proc/proc procfs RW 0 0
[After the process file system is enabled, the logon window is displayed in gdm2.28]
7. gnome Culture
7-1-set Environment Variables
# Ee/etc/profile
Add: [global variables are set here and are valid for any user. The. profile file in the user directory is set to local variables and only valid for this user]
Export
Lang = zh_CN.UTF-8
Export lc_all = zh_CN.UTF-8
7-2-install Chinese Fonts
# Portupgrade-NP
Wqy-Fonts]
[If you need (fine) micron Black, please download it from wenquanyi, and then open the font file and click the [install font] button (installed ~ /. Fonts directory) or use the following command to install :]
# Cp
Xwmh. TTC/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TTF
# Cd
/Usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TTF
# Mkfontdir
# Mkfontscale
# FC-Cache
-FV
[Fixed007 is used for fonts in Firefox and [system/preference/appearance/font] (the same width font in the appearance font is set to 11, and the other fonts are set to 10 ); I used pixel (LCD) + minor rendering details. Fixed007 is very sharp and clear. It is a tool for programming and work. It works seamlessly with the Chinese font of wenquanyi. See the texture for the effect. The font is

Http://wenq.org/forum/viewtopic.php? F = 7 & t = 971

By the way, there are two software for font modification: xmbdfed (gbdfed) and fontforge. Hong Kong and Taiwan fonts do not need to be considered, it seems that they cannot be clearer than wenquanyi, even windows
In terms of some words, the classic style of XP is inferior to that of wenquanyi. Therefore, you must join the development of wenquanyi whenever you have time .]
7-3-install the ibus-pinyin Chinese Input Method
# Portupgrade
-Np zh-ibus-pinyin
# EE ~ /. Cshrc Add:
Setenv xim ibus
Setenv
Gtk_im_module ibus
Setenv qt_im_module xim
Setenv xmodifiers
@ Im = ibus
Setenv xim_program ibus-daemon
Setenv xim_args "-- daemonize
-- Xim"
[I first portupgrade-NP ZH-scim-pinyin, then pkg_deinstall scim
En-scim-pinyin: It is found that ibus can follow the cursor in the new window. In addition, the direction of candidate words for ibus-Pinyin is vertical by default and needs to be set to horizontal manually; you can also select ZH-scim-Pinyin and fcitx for the input method. The speed and compatibility of scim are good, and ibus's lexicon and style are better]

8. Sound card settings
# Ee
Add/boot/loader. conf:
Snd_hda_load = "yes" [my sound card is soundmax HD
For the sound card modules supported by audio; FB, see the sound in the/boot/defaults/loader. conf file.
Modules Column]

9. Create a common user for the wheel group
# Adduser [remember to set group to wheel. The root shell is said to be tcsh]
Input
Reboot
Restart. After restarting, open the terminal and enter Su to obtain the root permission. Continue with the following configuration.

10. Installation and Setup of common software packages
1. Firefox installation, culture, and optimization
1-1-Installation and Chinese Culture
# Portupgrade
-NP Firefox [select the second one -- firefox35. Do not enter "N" to cancel]
# Cd
/Usr/ports/www/firefox35-i18n [local language selection in the menu tools/quick locale switcher]
# Make
Config [Chinese only]
# Make install
Clean
1-2-optimized the speed of opening the webpage. It is best to cancel IPV6 at the same time in the kernel]
In the Firefox address bar, enter: About: config
And modify the parameters:
Network. DNS. disableipv6 = true
Network. http. pipelining =
True
Network. http. pipelining. maxrequests = 8
Network. http. Proxy. pipelining
= True
Network. http. Request. Max-start-delay = 0
Right-click to create an integer and name it
Nglayout. initialpaint. delay. The value is 0.
2. Installation of linux-f10-flashplugin [pay attention to gnash and swfdec-plugin]
# Kldload
Linux
# Add EE/etc/rc. conf:
Linux_enable = "yes"
# Portupgrade-NP
Linux_base-f10 [If packages is decompressed, you can also install it in sysinstall mode]
# Portupgrade-NP
Nspluginwrapper [two ports are available. Choose one]
# Portupgrade-NP linux-f10-flashplugin
# Ln
-S/usr/local/lib/npapi/linux-f10-flashplugin/libflashplayer. So
/Usr/local/lib/browser_plugins/
# Exit
$ Nspluginwrapper-v-
-I [run the command in the User Shell, and then Su gets the root permission]
# Mount-T linprocfs linproc
/Usr/compat/Linux/proc
# Add EE/etc/fstab:
Linproc
/Usr/compat/Linux/proc linprocfs RW 0 0
[After the flash plug-in is installed, you can see it in [tools/additional components/plug-ins]
Shockwave Flash]
3. General download, BT and donkey Software
# Portupgrade-NP
Xpi-downthemall [a download plug-in for Firefox will continue after Firefox is disabled. Currently, ff3.6 is not supported]
# Portupgrade-NP
Transmission-gtk2
# Portupgrade-NP amule
4. Modify the audio player and tag
# Portupgrade-NP
Exaile [recommended; gstreamer is used as the backend; labels can be modified in the right-click attribute; the "display tray icon" is enabled in the [edit/preference/appearance] of the status bar icon; "gnome multimedia buttons" in the plug-in is very easy to use; the software seems to be only available in the UTF-8; Chinese garbled problem and lyrics plug-in please search exaile-CN project]
# Portupgrade
-NP rhythmbox [standby; the MP3 tag can be correctly displayed in the GBK environment. Check the status icon in [edit/plug-in], configure it, and set the status icon.
To have the main window, so that it can be scaled to the notification area; supports global shortcuts]
[Pocket players include beep-media-player and audacious.
And so on]
# Portupgrade-NP
Easytag, it does not seem to be too useful to save to write data; it does not appear to be a batch modification, because these players support the modification of a single tag]
5. multimedia player and Editor
[Generally, the system uses the built-in totem [gstreamer for backend], or you can install mplayer [I personally think it is not as good as totem], and QT VLC]
# Portupgrade
-NPP gstreamer-plugins-All [full gstreamer plug-in]
# Portupgrade-NP
Avidemux2 [powerful video editor, which can be installed as needed]
6. stardict dictionary
# Portupgrade-NP
Stardict [two ports available, better version 3]
# Portupgrade-NP
Zh-stardict-dict-zh_CN [dictionary files in ports]
English dictionary file: http://stardict.sourceforge.net/cn/Dictionaries_zh_CN.php

Download the tarbal package, decompress it, and copy it to. stardict/DIC in the user directory.
Directory. If not, create a directory]
Or go to the project home page to download the address is http://sourceforge.net/projects/stardict/files/
Recommended to everyone a: stardict-babylon-collins3-2.4.2.tar.bz2, excellent Layout of the Collins dictionary ---- A learning English dictionary]
7. Image browsers EOG [gnome] And gthumb
# Portupgrade
-NP gthumb
8. Email client evolution [gnome] and Thunderbird
# Portupgrade-NP
Thunderbird [select 2nd and Version 3; Mozilla's products use the same local language]
# Portupgrade-NP
Thunderbird3-i18n
[I don't need to use the mail client, so I am used to accessing my mailbox through the Web. What is indispensable for me is the mail reminder software mentioned below]
9. email reminder Software
# Portupgrade
-NP
Mail-notification [initial recommendation, configuration interface in [system/preferences], which can be configured after restart. The notification area is usually hidden. Notifications are displayed and displayed only when new emails are available, A flashing icon is displayed when an error occurs]
10. Instant Messaging Software [the system comes with empathy; Skype in ports is for Linux]
# Portupgrade
-NP
Qq【linuxqqqqqq、not included in the menu, can also download tar.gz package (http://im.qq.com/qq/linux/download.shtml); you can also choose web QQ -- http://web.qq.com]
# Portupgrade
-NP ekiga3: A foreign text and audio/video chat tool that supports VoIP]
# Portupgrade-NP
Pidgin
11. Support for extracting RAR files
# Portupgrade-NP
Unrar
12. Install and set vim and install Emacs
# Portupgrade-NP Vim [2 ports, select one]
$ EE
~ /. Add vimrc:
Let & termencoding = & encoding [the following two lines are supported by VIM in Chinese]
Set
Fileencodings = UTF-8, GBK
Set nocp [the next three rows allow the backspace key to perform the [pre-delete] action in normal and insert modes. Set BS = 2
Seems hard to make]
Noremap <BS> X
Set
Backspace = indent, EOL, start
[After this setting, VIM looks better .]
# Portupgrade-NP
Emacs [select multiple ports]
[For more information about the comparison and selection of vim and Emacs, see http://hi.baidu.com/daodej/blog/item/49c14408d3dc25c33ac76389.html]
13. OpenOffice.org
# Cd
/Usr/ports/Editors/OpenOffice.org-3
# Make localized_lang = ZH-CN install
Clean
[Chinese OOO source code compilation requires about 11 GB of hard disk space and 2 GB of memory. Manual download is required in the middle, it is recommended that you first download all the eight packages and copy them to/usr/ports/distfiles before installing them. You can compile them in one night]
[To generate a binary package at the same time, use
# Make localized_lang = ZH-CN package
Clean]
14. gnome beautification
[Icon topic package recommendation]
Http://www.silvestre.com.ar /? P = 56 [do not know if it is my appreciation level of the problem, this icon package just use think very good, use for a long time think it is better than the default, don't change chant, there are a lot of gnome-look.org, but now I like the default icons and mouse]
[Recommended mouse topic package]
Http://gnome-look.org/content/download.php? Content = 67833 & id = 1 & tan = 27156643
[The above topics are installed with the [system/preference/appearance/topic/installation] button, which is adjusted in [custom]. In addition, you can set the "toolbar button label" of the [system/preferences/appearance/interface] To "text beside the project" and check the "show icon in the menu" option; is file browsers not easy to use? Check the [always open in browser window] option on the [system/preferences/file management/Behavior] tab. You can try the Panel yourself. I still like to use the one above. You can right-click the blank area of the Panel to add panel elements]
15. FreeBSD's driving manual
[The address of the Chinese manual updated from time to time on the Internet is http://cnsnap.cn.freebsd.org/doc/. manually run the following command to install the manual :]
# Portupgrade
-NP zh_cn-freebsd-doc [put in/usr/local/share/doc/FreeBSD]
16. Use other software according to the [list of commonly used tools and software]
Install the portupgrade-NP command.

11. List of commonly used tools and software
Statement 1
: Chinese manual or zh_cn-freebsd-doc online
Web browsing: Firefox
Flash plug-in
: Linux-f10-flashplugin, gnash, swfdec-plugin
Flash local player: swfdec-gnome
Email client
: Evolution, Thunderbird
Email reminder: Mail-Notification
Office
: OpenOffice.org-3
Vector Chart Drawing: Dia
PDF and djvu reading
: Evince, djview [QT, preferably-NPP]
Text Editor
: Leafpad, gedit; VIM; Emacs; Nano [Chinese supported]
Audio problems
: Exaile, rhythmbox, beep-media-player, audacious, Banshee; easytag; grip [track capture]; audacity [audio editing; menus not added]
Multimedia
: Totem + gstreamer-plugins-all, mplayer, xfce4-parole [xfce], VLC; avidemux2 [multimedia editing]
View images
: EOG, gthumb, gqview
Image editing
: Gimp, F-spot, gpaint (command: gpaint-2; menu not added), mtpaint
Chinese Input Method
: ZH-ibus-pinyin, ZH-scim-pinyin, fcitx
Local dictionary: stardict
File Manager
: Nautilus; thunar [xfce]
Download Management
: Xpi-downthemall; transmission-gtk2, deluge; amule; gmimms
Instant Messaging
: QQ [linuxqq], webpage QQ; ekiga3, Skype; Pidgin, empathy
Compressed and decompressed: file-roller +
Unrar, xarchiver
Edit and burn a cd
: Isomaster; gnomebaker, brasero, Nautilus-Cd-Burner
View Remote Desktop
: Vinagre
Miscellaneous
: Alacarte (menu Editor), gnome-power-Manager (Power Manager; ACPI driver is not complete yet, it is best to change pending and sleep to another action), gruler (electronic scale ), gcalctool (calculator ),
Gnome-system-Monitor, gnome-utils, gnome-sound-recorder, gnome-terminal, etc.

ThinkPad
The FN key settings are as follows:
Http://www.inf.ethz.ch/personal/mharvan/x61.html
Do not forget to add Dev. acpi_ibm.0.events = 1 to/etc/sysctl. conf and execute sysctl.
Dev. acpi_ibm.0.events = 1

[Why i386 is selected]
1. The i386 version has a low fever. Of course, some people say that amd64 is lower, but in my x61 version, it is i386 low. Performance Improvement will probably lead to an increase in energy consumption;
2. FreeBSD team's support for i386 seems to be a little more focused than amd64, such as Binary Package-generally i386 appears earlier;
3. Intel Core's 64-bit running performance seems to be weaker than 32-bit running in some aspects. I have seen a review article, which seems to be the same in my notebook; if it is amd core, it seems that 64-bit is not weaker than 32-bit, so if my computer is amd core, I will not hesitate to use the 64-bit version FB;

[Completion statement]
I feel that the fever of FB is not so obvious, and it is often lower than XP, so it is not a problem for desktop applications;
I personally think that learning new things should follow two principles: 1. Read more manuals; 2. Ask more and search. However, FreeBSD is often useful when it comes to 1-2 learning.
FreeBSD was intended to be used by people with strong self-learning ability. For example, if I bought a new mobile phone, I was the first to read the manual, and I was the second to ask questions. If I had poor self-learning ability, I was the first to ask questions. How many people can calm down and learn in today's society? The quiet side communicates with FreeBSD.