Yi zhongtianpin: Han dynasty man 03: Yuan Yu and Shi

Lecture 3: Yuan Yu and Shi

Yuan and his mistakes cannot be done, But Yuan is not a villain. According to the standards at that time, his moral qualities are no less than wrong. Sima Qian made a mistake for yuan Yi and Yi, saying that Yuan Yi's moral quality is his heart-to-heart, generous, wise, and wise, and he has always been a country of fame ". Therefore, the biography of Yuan is more detailed than that of Yuan. Yuan Yu has both the spirit of the scholar and the chivalrous man. However, such a "benevolent heart for the quality, cited righteousness and generosity" person, "the sound of good yin Xian, unexpectedly defeated by name ". He is straight and selfless, but he is called a villain; He is loyal but has been killed. So what kind of person is Yuan?

Yuan and Yun cannot make a mistake. To what extent are the two of them under no conflict? As long as Yuan is there, he will not sit down if he is wrong. Yuan will not come in if he is wrong. Two people cannot eat in one place or talk in one place.

As we have already said, what kind of person is Yuan, who has made significant contributions to the consolidation of the regime of the Great Han Dynasty? The death of the mistake is related to Yuan's death. Yuan first suggested to Emperor Han jingdi to kill the mistake. Therefore, in history, he often blamed Yuan for the death of the mistake. In fact, this is a bit embarrassing.

Because first, it was proposed to kill Yuan, which was the first attempt to kill Yuan. In the present words, Yuan can be regarded as a legitimate defense, and at most it is a powerful defense.

Second, Yuan gave a personal suggestion to Emperor Jing. At this time, Yuan was no longer an official or common citizen. He was such a unauthenticated person. He put forward a completely private suggestion, and the final decision to kill the hacker was reported by the Court Minister, who gave instructions.

Third, even though wu Chu did not withdraw from the army after being killed by mistake, the killing still plays a certain role in politics-some wait-and-wait, neutral countries feel that Wu and Chu are unknown. This played a certain role in confirming wu Chu's chaos.

However, according to our Chinese point of view, our Chinese people's way of thinking is often a dual-dual approach. If both sides of the struggle are upright, the other side must be a villain and a traitor. Since we have always been wrong in history, we have to deny the question of "Yuan Zheng": "Yuan Zheng" is a loyal minister, "Yuan Zheng" is a traitor, and "Yuan Miao" is a gentleman, and "Yuan Miao" is a villain. Therefore, many people in history use words such as "villain" and "traitor" to call Yuan Yu.

Actually, this is not the case. Yuan is neither a villain nor a traitor. He is a very honest and decent person.

We all know that there was a major political event in the early West Han Dynasty called the chaos of lushi. After the death of Han Gaozu Liu Bang, Lu Houzhi's dictatorship and Lu Hou's death, the great ministers of the Han Dynasty joined hands to settle Lu. The person who played an important role in setting up Zhu Lu was Zhou Bo, the second lieutenant at that time, the father of Zhou Yafu, the chaotic taiwei of wu Chu. Zhou boping settled the chaos of Lu and settled the Jiangshan of Liu's family. Of course, it was a great hero. Therefore, after the successor of Emperor Han Wendi, he was very respectful to Zhou Bo: When Zhou Bo was at the top of the dynasty, he was excited. When he retired, we watched many historical TV series and we could see such a scenario, when we announce our return to the DPRK, the ministers will kneel down and say that we will live the Long live of our Emperor and let the emperor go first. This is a general etiquette-Zhou Bo first, and Wen Di will deliver it. This is a very high courtesy.

Yuan was just next to him and asked the Emperor Han Wendi, what kind of person does His Majesty think Zhou Bo is? Emperor Han Wendi said that Zhou bonai "The Community Minister also ". What is the Minister of Social Security? It is a kind of Minister who is able to live and die together with the country and the monarch, to share the joys and sorrows, and to share the honor and disgrace. This is called the minister of the community. Yuan said, no! Zhou Bo is a hero, but not a minister of social security. Emperor Han Wendi asked him why, Yuan said, "You can think about it. When LV was under the dictatorship, Zhou Bo was a lieutenant and held the national military power. The lieutenant was the highest military chief and Commander-in-Chief of the three armies in China, he has military power in his hand. Why didn't he do anything at that time? At that time, the Liu family's dynasty was almost dying, so if they were wandering and in danger, why did Zhou Bo still not move? Later, LV died, and all the ministers began to say that now we have to settle down on Lu and destroy the Wang from Lu's family. Then we went to Zhou Bo and Zhou Bo came out until this time. He is only compliant with the situation. At most, even if he knows the times, he is Jun Jie. How can he be regarded as a Minister of Social Security? It can only be regarded as a hero.

After hearing Yuan said these things, the attitude of Emperor Han Wendi to Zhou Bo has changed-and then the Emperor's shelf has been lifted up-Zhou Bo began to fear and fear.

After Zhou Bo went out, he said, "You bastard! My brother and I are friends. Did you say anything bad about me in front of the Emperor? Yuan did not give any answer.

It wasn't long before Zhou Bo's prime minister was removed and returned to his position. Those in the back of the block saw Zhou Bo fail. If Zhou Bo was not in the correct position, he fell down to the point where Zhou Bo was arrested. Emperor Han Wendi sent people to arrest Zhou Bo in the prison. At this time, the manchao wenwu was chilling, but only one person stood up and defended Zhou Bo. This person was Yuan.

Yuan rushed up and down, and rescued Zhou Bo from the prison. From then on, Zhou Bo and Yuan have become Iron buddies. Think about it. Can such an upright person be a villain?

Another example shows that Yuan is a kind of man.

When Yuan was in the prime minister of Wu, there was a man and his niece-two people. We say "Love each other", but in the past, this is not the case. In the past, it was called "private communication ". After learning about this, Yuan turned a blind eye and turned a deaf ear to his subordinates. Later, someone told his subordinates that you should not be so proud of yourself, as the old man knows. As a result, this subordinate member fled with fear. After hearing this, Yuan immediately chased this subordinate and said, "Don't go. I will give you this secret. You two will officially combine them. Therefore, this person is very grateful to Yuan. Later, when Yuan was Ambassador to Wu Guo, Wu Wang and Liu Yu were detained in the military camp to prepare to kill the head. The officers who guard Yuan Yu were exactly like this. He ran to the place where he was holding Yuan in the evening and drunk all the soldiers around him. Then he told yuan that you are my benefactor, now let's go with me. The TV series "" truly shows this plot.

In this case, Yuan is not a villain.

In fact, Yuan has a lofty prestige in both the court and in the rivers and lakes. In the Chinese emperor's period, there was a famous judge named Zhang shizhi who ruled that all the cases were handled in accordance with the law, that is to say, according to the current law, what kind of punishment is prescribed, what kind of punishment he gave him-he has been hitting Emperor Han Wendi for this matter for many times. Who found this person? Yuan Zhe, Zhang shizhi, was recommended to Emperor Han Wendi after his discovery.

In the Emperor Wu's age, there was also a famous Qing official, a very decent official called Yan Yu. What kind of person is zookeeper? He is a very straight man. He has always told the truth before the Emperor. He once criticized Emperor Wu very bluntly, And the words were very important. He said, "Your Majesty has more desires and has no other desires."-he said that the Emperor, you have many desires in your heart, A good voice is called "great talent". If you are not nice, you are called "great success". If you are ugly, you are greedy. You are such a person, but there is still a sense of benevolence outside, can you be the King of Yao Shun? This is very important. In addition, he also made a very straightforward speech. The reason is that Emperor Wu will promote his own people, who are in favor of his idea of governing the country and his political line. He quickly promoted them from the grass-roots level and gradually squeezed out the old people in the past. Therefore, many very low-profile people go straight to Qingyun, take a helicopter like, take the elevator like up to raise an official. He went to talk to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty again. His Majesty's employer was like a heap of firewood. Instead, he put the heap of firewood on the back. The idiom "coming later" came from here.

The Emperor Huang is a straight man, and the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is very respectful of the Emperor Huang. We know that Emperor Wu's cronies, dasi, and maweiqing are very high. Wei Qing sees Emperor Wu in the palace. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty may meet him on the toilet. When Wei Qing asks for help, if Emperor Wu is in the toilet, he will come and talk to him on the toilet; yan xianggong, Sun Hong, is the prime minister and has a very high position. If he asks for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he must first ask what the problem is. If there is nothing, that is, there is nothing important, even if the clothing is not neat, Emperor Wu will be interviewed. However, if he said that he was eager to see His Majesty, he would say, "Wait a moment, I'll wear my clothes." He must wear my clothes, wear my hats, and dress well. Then he will talk to Jack. This is the best courtesy of Emperor Wu of the Chinese emperor for zookeeper.

Who is the most admired person for such a person? Yuan is the most admired person of Yuan. We know that "things are similar and people are divided by groups". If Yuan is the most admired, will Yuan be a villain? So Yuan is not a villain.

Yuan is not only a villain, but also a real "scholar ". So what is "Shi?

What is "Shi? What I want to show you here is the earliest character we know-the warrior's character. It was the first character in the font. From this font, it is clear that what is "Shi? It's a person who combs his hair with a stick on it and concatenates his hair ". Therefore, "Shi" is intended to be an adult man, especially an unmarried adult man.

In ancient times, this was the sign of a man's adult -- combs his hair and inserts it into a stick. We know that before the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese people had full hair, and people cut their hair only once in their life, that is, three months after birth-about a hundred days, or not necessarily a hundred days, it's a auspicious day, three months later. Cut the hair once, that is, cut the fetal hair. On this day, the mother came to her father with her children. The father stroked the child's head and gave him a name. This ceremony is called the naming ceremony, which means the child was famous, he admitted that he came to the world and joined our family. Then the child's hair will continue to grow, and the child will not be cut after the length. From the middle of the child's eyebrows to the two sides, this is called "Two Sides", so this child is also called "Children's Hair ". After the hair grows longer, it starts to disk on both sides. The boy's disk is on both sides. It is to make an image of the animal horn, that is, the two horns of the Beast. This is called the "Total horn ", therefore, the children's age is also called "the hour of the general horn". What is the shape of a girl like a disk on both sides and a disk to the end? Like a tree, so the little girl is called "girl ".

So when a boy is 20 years old and a girl is 15 years old, she can no longer be a girl. At this time, I will comb my hair in the middle, put on a disk, put on a hat for him, and put on a stick. The boy's etiquette is called "crown ceremony"; girls do not wear a crown, instead, insert a token, which is called "gift ". At this time, it indicates that you are an adult. You can join the community and have your own social activities.

However, in the Zhou Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty, there is a hierarchical system in society: only boys from the aristocratic family can hold the crown ceremony. That is to say, only a noble man can wear a crown and a hat. A civilian cannot. A civilian can only wear a turban, but can only bring his hair up and put a turban on it, put a bundle of hair-a civilian is not qualified to wear a hat-so a high hat is not suitable to wear, and a high hat is qualified.

In this way, we can see that it is an adult man of the nobility. The nobility has four levels: the highest level is the king, the second level is the princes, the third level is the doctor, and the fourth level is the scholar. So what is the difference between the first three levels of nobility and "Shi?

The difference between them is that in addition to the Crown, tianzi, zhuhou, and the doctor can also be crowned. What is Mian? It is the hat that the emperor wore when he was facing the dynasty. , There is a plate in the upper part of it. This board is called an extension. A beaded string is placed before and after the extension, and a string of pearls is used to string up and down the front and back. This is called a. There is a detail we may not necessarily notice, that is, in addition to the front and back of the hair, but also to the side of the ears to the two jade, these two are called ears, it means: if it is correct, you will listen. If it is incorrect, you will not listen to it-what are the rumors, bad words, and foul words, this is called "deaf ears"-the idiom "deaf ears" comes from here. So what does the preceding token mean? It means turning a blind eye. You shouldn't watch what you shouldn't listen to. You shouldn't listen to what you shouldn't. This is the role of the Crown. If there is a crown and a crown, it is called "high-sounding ". Tianzi, princes, and doctors are eligible to be crowned, and shi jia is not crowned. Therefore, the son of Heaven, the princes, and the doctor are the brokers, and the man is the king. Let's take a look. The word "King" is actually a crown on the word "Shi", which is king.

However, no matter which level of nobility you are, you must be crowned. There are three times in total. We can see this shot in the TV series "". When Emperor Wu was 15 years old, he was still a prince and Emperor Jing came to crown him and held a crown ceremony. Three times in total. The first addition is called the crown. A crown is a black hat. What does it mean to add a crown? This means that there is governance, that is, there is governance. The second addition of the Crown is called pique. What is pique? Pi Yu is a military cap and a hunting suit. After PI Yu is added, it means that you have the right to fight. When PI Yu is added, it is often used as a sword. So when we read the "", you will find that the Emperor left his sword all day long and carried the sword wherever he went, because the sword was the privilege of a noble man at that time, it is also a symbol of his identity. You must have a sword here. The third addition is called the Jue Chen. Jue Miao is the crown of the temple, that is, has the right to sacrifice, and is eligible to participate in the activity of sacrifices to heaven and earth and ancestor-we know that there were two major national events at that time, one being sacrifices, and the other being wars, "the major event of the country, only the greatest and the greatest ".

Then, for the first time, a noble man has the right to govern the crown, the second time has the right to military the skin, and the third time has the right to sacrifice the Jue Yi, then he will be a very specific man. For an aristocratic man, the title of death cannot be removed. Therefore, when there was a civil chaos, Confucius's student path was cut off by the enemy Using Ge in the battle. Zilu immediately put down his weapons and said, "The Death of a gentleman is not without a crown."-as a gentleman, after I die, this crown cannot be left blank. Then, he tied the tapes and refused to fight. At this time, the enemy soldiers flocked to him and turned him into a meat sauce. After hearing the news, Confucius immediately told the kitchen to pour out the prepared meat sauce and never eat it again-because he remembered his student path as soon as he had eaten the meat sauce.

Therefore, adding a champion is not a small task. We saw in the TV series "" that at that time, Emperor Han was already very ill and at risk, but still struggled to win the title of his Son Liu Che. At that time, Liu Che was not old-the man was only 20 years old -- Emperor Han knew that he would soon die, and the country would hand over to the Prince Liu Che, so he was asked to become an adult immediately, forcibly crown him.

At that time, the "Shi" in society had two characteristics: Gentleman demeanor and chivalrous. A real taxi, if he is a gentleman, he will have a chivalrous man; if he is a chivalrous man, he will have a gentleman.

Yuan Yu is a man with both chivalrous and gentle manners. Yuan Yi is very fond of making friends with the heroes of the rivers and lakes. He has many friends on the rivers and lakes. Some of these friends have also gone to the court to serve as officials, and some others have been used as hermit, chivalrous, and Youshi outside, in any case, Yuan is a friend. One of them is named drama Meng, and the film of drama Meng has also appeared in the "": the drama is about taiwei Zhou Yafu's rebellion, and someone reports that someone is asking for help, zhou Yafu said no one saw anyone. The person in the report said that you will definitely meet him here. Zhou Yafu asked people who they came from, and said it was drama Meng. Zhou Yafu immediately changed his attitude and said, Ah, let's see Meng and Meng. There is another shot. Zhou Yafu said that if Wu Wang and Liu Yu haven't collected the drama Meng in their own account, then the rebellion of Wu is doomed to fail-this is the drama Meng.

Qu Meng and Yuan Yu are good friends. Yuan later gave up his services at home. He fought for a dog and went on a tour of the mountains and played with Meng Chang. At that time, some people advised him to say that Yuan Damen, Meng, a gambler, he liked gambling very much. Gambling is a very bad thing and it hurts a lot, do not contact a gambling user. Yuan Miao said that drama Meng is a good gambling man. That's right. But do you know, there were thousands of vehicles in the funeral when Mother Qu Meng died. If this person had nothing to do, how could he have such a good affinity? Yuan said: in this world, when a person suffers a disaster and asks for help, he can leave his parents at home or pretend that he is not at home. There are only two people, one is Ji Xin and the other is Qu Meng.

Who is Ji Xin? Ji Xin is the younger brother of JI bu. Ji Bu and Ji Xin are both heroes, but they have different characteristics. The feature of the season is "re-ranno". It is absolutely necessary to promise you something. So there was a saying at that time that "a thousand yuan is better than a quarter of a promise", and one thousand of yellow gold is worse than a quarter of a promise ". It is strange to watch the TV series "". Why do all people say "Yes" as we said? They all say "no", "no ", it is equivalent to the current "OK ". The audience also suggested that the response should sound like "no ". In fact, in the Han Dynasty, "Yes" and "admit" are "Promise". The word "Promise" came from here. What does "Promise" mean? Yes, right, acknowledge, accept, and pay-as-you-go are all "promises ".

Ji Bu is very arrogant, and Ji Xin is very brave. Both of them are world-famous heroes. Who are Ji Xin's most respected? Yuan. Now we know that Meng and Ji Xinyi are both chivalrous and respectful to Yuan Yu. From this, we can know that Yuan is a man of great courage.

Sima Qian's comment on Yuan Yu is: "benevolence is the essence, and righteousness is generous." He said that he was defeated by name ".

Then, Yuan is both a chivalrous person and a person who takes the world as his duty. This is the reason why he finally died because he cares too much about national affairs, because he resolutely opposed Li liangwang as the storage, and eventually led to disasters.

We know that after the great Chinese dynasty was established, Han Gaozu Liu Bang set up a system called the father and the dead child inheritance to solve the Inheritance Problem of the throne. The inheritance of the throne has always been a headache for Chinese dynasties. The new empire created by the Emperor Qin Shihuang in history has a special feature in terms of the system. It basically abolished all the original hereditary systems and left only the next one: the Emperor's hereditary system, and officials will not be attacked again. Before Qin Dynasty, the officials of the West Zhou and the East Zhou dynasties were all hereditary-your father was a doctor, and you were a doctor. In the future, your son was also a doctor. from heaven to the princes to the doctors, they were all hereditary. After Qin Dynasty, the officers were not allowed to perform the hereditary attacks, but the Emperor alone was hereditary. Therefore, there was a question about the inheritance of the throne.

There are two ways to inherit the throne in the Yin Shang Period: one is the father, the dead child, the other is the brother and the other is the son of Lao Tzu's class, one is the shift for the younger brother to pick up his brother. From the end of the week, I will not be able to accept my brother, because it is very troublesome to take over the shift. However, because Dou taihou liked his younger son, Liang Wang and Liu Wu, he proposed to use the Emperor as the storage space for many times. That is to say, once Emperor Jing died, he asked his younger brother Liu Wu to take over the course.

In this case, dou Tai thinks that, out of her liking for her younger son, some of her parents are eccentric, and some of her youngest and younger siblings are always cheap. Another is that Dou Tai feels that she is in good health, however, her son Jing Di is not in good health. She wants to have another son as an emperor so that she can continue to become a queen after Jing Di's death. This is against the rules and regulations. Right or not. We cannot clarify this.-Do you say that the Emperor Liu Wu is good to the country or that the Emperor Liu Che is good to the country? However, from the perspective of the system at that time, it must be wrong to do so, so Yuan opposed it. At this time, Yuan was not able to defend against it because he had retired. You have already retired and are living at home. What do you do with this? However, Yuan believes that he should be loyal and be considered by the country. Therefore, Yuan provoked the hatred of Liang Wang and Liu Wu and was killed by another assassin.

The details here are very important, that is, the first assassin named to kill Yuan Yu did not kill Yuan Yu. When the assassin arrived, he first inquired about the problem. He caught a person and asked, how do you see Yuan's man? The man said, Okay, Yuan is a good guy! Ask another person, how do you see Yuan? The answer is yes, gentleman! Q: What do you think of Yuan? The answer is, he is a chivalrous man! After the assassin came back, he couldn't get down. So he told yuan that I was sent by Liang Wang and I was here to kill you, but I couldn't get down, but I told you I wouldn't kill you, some people are here to kill you. You can hide it!

Yuan was not hiding, and he was finally killed by an assassin later sent by Liang Wang, so Yuan died. In a sense, Yuan died in China's difficulties.

Like Yuan Yu, another person who opposed Li liangwang for saving, this person is Dou taihou's nephew Dou Ying. Dou Ying and Yuan Yu are good friends. Neither of them can make a mistake. In the end, Yuan Yu died, and Dou Ying also died. What is the death of Dou Ying? What kind of person is Dou Ying?

Let's talk about it next time.