1936 Nanjing Telephone expansion to 8100 doors

Who's the first Chinese to call? The chief of the ROC Telecommunications Services Branch Why is the military to serve as Chiang Kai-shek Why a call on the love of Temper February 1, 1936, "Central Daily" published a report entitled "The capital Telephone to install new machine today, the city south of the old machine number changed five words, reformulation business price today implementation" news. The news is not much, but it has aroused the concern of many people. The people living in the capital of the national government, their vision is relatively open compared to other areas, but the telephone as import at that time is also a rare thing, can put on the phone is not rich is expensive.　　What's more, the telephone to add new machine, involving telephone number change, initial loading and monthly fee adjustment and other series issues, not seriously read how to do? So, when did the phone first enter Nanjing? Is it convenient for Nanjing people to install telephones in the Republic of China? Who's using the phone?　　How much is the monthly rent? The first telephone in the world was invented in 1876 when Sin Yi, the site of the capital telephone office, which is located on Sai Street, is in the United States. This year, the first Minister of the Qing dynasty to Britain Guo Songtao arrived in London. Guo Songtao was invited by the master Bi of the London Electric factory to visit his factory. Bi specially invited him to visit the telephone which was just invented soon. Guo Songtao called the Telephone "sound report machine" at that time. Bi asked Guo Songtao and his entourage Zhang De to personally try to call.　　Although the initial call effect is not satisfactory, but Guo Songtao and Zhang De of the call, in the history of the Chinese people is also the first time. In the 1881, the Shanghai British and Swiss foreign company in Shanghai concession in the opening of the Sino-German law, set up a local telephone lines, from China appeared in the telephone. In 1882, China opened its first artificial telephone office, which was opened by the Great Northern Telegraph Company of Denmark in Shanghai. At that time, there are more than 20 users, each phone annual rent Silver dollar 150 yuan. If the corresponding price to convert, 1901 rice price for each old stone (178 kg) 4 Silver Dollar, then, 150 silver can buy 6675 kg of rice, according to today's prices of 2 yuan a catty calculation, then, to eliminate the factors, the rent of the phone, a year need 13350 yuan.　　This is the 1901 price, if the price of the 1882, the prices will be higher. By the year 1900, the Shanghai Telegraph Office had opened a local telephone, with only 16 local calls in Shanghai.　　So, when did Nanjing have a telephone at the earliest? In accordance with the national government period dedicated to Chiang Kai-shek and military organs of the telephone to turn, monitoring the work of the Wang Zhengyuan later memories, Nanjing, the first telephone, should be Nanyang advised the industry will be opened in Nanjing. The Nanjing self-built telephone is after the Xinhai Revolution.　　However, the reporter in China Telecom Industry Network "History of China Telecom" to see, Nanjing as early as in 1900, the local telephone bureau, and is the earliest domestic local telephone bureau of the city. Nanjing first set up its own magnetic telephone, at that time, equipped with 100 of magnet phone, only for the use of Guanting yamen, civil not open。　　The magnetic telephone is the oldest kind of phone, needs to own two dry batteries to do power, and with a magnet-type hand-cranked generator (used to generate AC ringing signal). Pu Yi heard the telephone connected scared to hang up the machine such a magnet phone, dark, simple and incomparable. Although these calls are from Japan, Sweden, the United States and Germany, "Siemens", but the quality of their calls is still no guarantee. In the early days of the Republic of China, Nanjing, there is a ballad: "The road is uneven, the lights are unknown, the telephone is not spirit." At that time, telephone installation, regardless of the line or outside, are open-wire. Sunny without wind, but also can barely talk, once the wind, not dial impassability, is the line. A home call, or even five or six bells. A phone call, the inside Twitter, pick up the phone yelling, a mess.　　This period of the telephone also often encountered a failure, a shutdown, is a week. Before 1918, the telephone office and the Director of the mansion, are located in Wenchang Lane, the Exchange room in run Delhi. 1918, in the "Travel House Yamen" site, that is, Tour Fu West Street, the construction of three-storey building, as the Ministry of Communications Capital Telephone. 1920, all completed. Also in Shimonoseki built a three-storey building, set up a branch, since then, the city of Nanjing from the magnet to the electricity-type, but also expanded to 2000 doors in the city, Shimonoseki Branch 500 doors, and in the main trunk buried underground cable, both improve the technology and adapt to the needs of commercial development. All telephone devices, including switches, external cables, copper wires, wire rods, speakers, receivers, and even handset cords, are all dependent on foreign imports.　　This batch of common electrical equipment, is the pro-British United States of the Beiyang regime to the U.S. "China Electric Company" purchased. Although the telephone has a larger development, the general people still can not install the phone, and even the last Emperor Pu Yi, until 1921 to install the phone. It is said, put on the phone, the telephone station again sent the phone book, Pu Yi saw Beijing opera footballing Yang small building phone number, to the microphone called number, a listen to the voice of the other answer, to learn the tone of Peking Opera said: "The newcomer is Yang--small--Lou ah?" The other person laughs and asks: "Who are you?"　　Pu Yi was scared hurriedly put the telephone hang. Chinese workers have robbed American technical advisers of their jobs but in any case, the popularity of the telephone has become an unstoppable trend. In particular, the 1927 national government after the capital of Nanjing, institutions, business development, the original 2000-door power telephone capacity is full, and to Chicago, "American automatic Telephone Company" to buy thousands of automatic telephone. According to Wang Zhengyuan's memory, there were only a handful of places in the country where automatic telephones were used. The United States to send the Engineer Marsden is responsible for the company's business, workers Swaz, Malden responsible for the installation, and sent Chinese engineers Shandong people in five, together to work in China.　　This group of automatic telephones, "Strowger", in the United States for obsolete products, but for the time of China, but also a new type of equipment. In engineering technology, the telephone department set up an installed group, by the locomotive Foreman Fanggen responsible, with workers Shenmaoti, Webausen, Zhou Junpeng, Fanggen and other people, with the United States to jointly responsible for installation. Ininstallation, Yuli to the workers to impart technology.　　He came to find Fanggen talk, said to him: "In the future you can always run with me, this technology has not yet in the country, you are better to learn, otherwise installed, unable to maintain the control, then controlled ..." April 1928 started installed, the original intended to be completed in one year, actually only seven months ahead of the installation.　　Automatic Telephone in Nanjing official call this day, the Ministry of Transport officials to the Bureau presided over, U.S. Representative Marsden Praise Way: "They (refers to workers) have the perseverance, willing to dry hard spirit we admire ..." later, Yuli to the "American automatic Telephone Company" resigned, gave up January U.S. $300 high salary, back to domestic in the Ministry of Transport Engineers. After the official call, the Chinese workers are fully capable of maintaining normal operation, but the authorities ignore this fact, but with 40 times the high salary of Chinese workers, the Malden to retain the Bureau as a technical maintenance work, and package of Nanjing, the most upscale comfort hotel room for his accommodation, very expensive.　　In fact, he only came once a week, and later, he saw that Chinese workers were able to easily troubleshoot, without his guidance, idle for some time, Malden resigned to return. 1929, the telephone company in Nanjing to Shanghai between the laying of long-distance lines, a pair of lines through Zhenjiang, Wuxi, Suzhou, Kunshan and other places, a call, and other places to stop. Then add a pair of lines to Shanghai. Make a long distance call to register first, the urgent, ordinary two.　　Because the line is too few, there is an unwritten rule: commercial words, military words let air defense, Guan let the official, met Chiang Kai-shek Telephone, in addition to air defense, all make way. During the period of the Republic of China, the telephone rent was expensive in the middle of the 30, the capital Nanjing population soared, the demand for telephone is more and more big, the original 6,000-door phone is not enough to use.　　In the second half of 1934 to the beginning of 1936, the Ministry of Communications Capital Office cost million, the city of South Jiangning County site to set up the South Branch, Tim Machine 1800th, and in Gulou branch Tim No. 300.　　February 1, 1936 this day, the capital telephone Office installed new machine officially opened, the city South old machine number five words, reformulation operating price today. This day, "the central daily" in detail, said: "The telephone Office town South Branch, located in the former Jiangning Changle Road, and the Ministry of Communications five provincial long distance telephone station is located in one place, the Bureau of the total control of the phone number 1800th, for five words beginning, jurisdiction, since the four-like bridge from south to the Chinese door, the north is still on the original branch to add a new machine No. 300, still five word head , now all line industry to go to winter, the new aircraft are also shipped to Beijing, start to load. "" The Bureau party Public Alley, the original two-word head machine No. 3000, is now to the south of the city to add a branch, the General Administration is located in the southern city of the phone, is bound to be transferred to the South Bureau, in order to manage. As a result of the four-like bridge south of the existing phone, one case to five words, the original number of each machine is completely replaced, today, from the following street users, Dongjie Youth Council, Jinxiu Fang Yu Street run Delhi, Hui Garden Street, four Elephant Bridge, the replacement of the new number has been printed, days can be distributed to users. ”