A Concise History of search engine essays

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2006 Low, received a friend commissioned to help organize the development of search engine history, so during the spring Festival spent a little time to sort out a rough history. Consider yourself a little note about internet history.

1, the development of the search engine history
1 Brief History of searches history of search
Origin "Aceh"
The history of Web search engines can be traced back to 1991 years. The first search engine was the "Aceh" (Archie) developed by McGill University (McGill University). "Aceh" allows keyword searches of file names on a Web site.

The advent of the 1992 "Gopher" (the pioneer of the World Wide Web) brought the birth of the "Veronica" (Veronica) search engine (poulter,1997), which allows for multiple word retrieval and Boolean retrieval (that is, it can be searched using operators such as and and OR). Despite these early advances, 1994 years is really a watershed in the development of the Internet, not only because the World Wide Web began to become popular this year, but also because in the year the emergence of two projects, and later were treated as free services to the public open-they jointly changed the course of internet development.

By 1994, two types of search services--keyword search and topic directories--have emerged today (poutler,1997). The first successful full-text keyword search engine "web crawler" (WebCrawler) was also born, and developed into one of the most successful early "cyber bots" (Web Robot) (Note 2: In essence, cyber bots are a constant process of cruising on the web, It goes with the connection to find the page and its own monthly page. Each page is found, it is copied to the database, so that people can use the keyword to find it. ）。 Technological advances in the search for information on the Internet have been widely welcomed. Brain Ping (Brian Pinkerton) 's "web crawler" quickly led to the emergence of now more famous search engines such as Lycos and AltaVista.

In January 1994, the first searchable and browsable category Einet Galaxy (Tradewave Galaxy) is online and supports Gopher and Telnet searches in addition to web search.

Yahoo appears
This April 1, Stanford (Stanford) University's two doctoral students, David Filo and Chinese-American Jerry Yang (Gerry) co-founded the Super Directory index Yahoo, and successfully made the concept of search engine deeply rooted. From then on the search engine entered the high-speed development period. Stanford two doctoral students, Chinese-American Jerry Yang and David Filo co-founded Yahoo. With the number of visits and links increased, the Yahoo directory began to support a simple database search. Because Yahoo! 's data is manually typed, it can't really be classified as a search engine, but it's actually just a searchable directory. But the advent of Yahoo makes classified search into the search engine's vision, due to the obvious improvement in search efficiency, very popular. Yahoo after the adoption of AltaVista, Inktomi, Google to provide search engine services, is a search engine development in many of the main technology tracker and the implementation, so its existence for the search engine is very meaningful, because it is not the subject of this article, so do not repeat.

Full-Text Search
April 20, 1994, WebCrawler official debut. WebCrawler is the first Full-text search engine on the Internet to support all the text of the search file, and then WebCrawler is being bought by AOL and Excite, and now it is the same as excite instead of meta search engine dogpile. Since then Full-text search has become the function of most search engines.

Modern search engine
Lycos, known as the earliest modern search engine, appeared in July 1994. Michael Mauldin The spider program of John Leavitt into its indexing program, creating the Lycos that everyone knows now. Lycos (Carnegie Mellon University Center for Machine translation, announces Lycos) is another important advance in search engine history. Michael Mauldin of Carnegie Mellon University The Leavitt program of John Spider into its indexing program, creating Lycos. July 20, 1994, the data volume of 54,000 Lycos officially released. In addition to the correlation sort, Lycos also provides prefix matching and character proximity restrictions, Lycos the first use of the Web page automatic summary in search results, and the biggest advantage is that it is far better than other search engine data: August 1994--394,000 Documents January 1995--1.5 Technologists documents;1996 November--over technologists documents. (Note: April 1999, Lycos stop its own spider, change from fast to provide search engine services)

Innovations in user interfaces and additional services
Infoseek (Steve Kirsch announces free Demos of the Infoseek search Engine) is another important search engine, although the company claims January 1994 has been created, but until the end of its search engine to meet with the public. At first, InfoSeek was just an obscure search engine, which followed the concepts of Yahoo! and Lycos and did not have any unique innovations. But its history and subsequent acclaim attest that the first stage was not always important at first. InfoSeek friendly user interface, a large number of additional services (such as UPS tracking, News, directory A, and the like) to keep it standing. The December 1995 strategic Agreement with Netscape made it a strong search engine: When users clicked the Search button on Netscape's browser, they popped up the InfoSeek search service, which was previously provided by Yahoo!. (Note: InfoSeek was later known for its relevance, and in February 2001, InfoSeek stopped its search engine and started to switch to Overture search results)

Passable meta search engine
1995, a new search engine form emerged-meta search engine (a meta-search Engine Roundup). Users only need to submit a search request, the meta-search engine is responsible for conversion processing to submit to a number of pre-selected independent search engines, and will be returned from the independent search engine all the results of the query, centralized processing and then returned to the user. The first Meta search engine is the MetaCrawler of Washington University master Eric Selberg and Oren Etzioni. Meta search engine concept is good, but the search effect is always not ideal, so no meta search engine has a strong position.

The birth of the natural grammar
AltaVista Dec AltaVista (in the summer of 2001, some netizens need to access through the P-roxy, no P-roxy available Qbseach Radio AltaVista search, only show the first page search results) is a late, December 1995 Debut (AltaVista public Beta press release). However, a lot of innovative features make it quickly reach the peak of the search engine. AltaVista's most prominent advantage is its speed (search engine 9238: More funny, designed for altavista purposes, supposedly only to show the power of the DEC Alpha Chip's powerful computing power).

Other new features of AltaVista change the definition of the search engine forever. AltaVista is the first search engine to support natural language search, AltaVista is the first search engine to implement advanced search syntax (such as and, or, not, etc.). Users can search the content of newsgroups (newsgroups) and get articles from the Internet, search for text in the name of a picture, search titles, search Java applets, search for ActiveX objects, AltaVista. AltaVista also claims to be the first search engine to support users to submit or delete URLs to their web-indexed libraries, and to be able to get online within 24 hours. One of the most interesting new features of AltaVista is to search for all sites that have links to a URL. In the user-oriented interface, AltaVista has also made a great deal of innovation. It has placed "tips" in the search-box area to help users better express their search, and these tips are often updated so that after a few searches, users will see a lot of interesting features that they may never know about. This series of functions, gradually by other search engines widely used. In 1997, AltaVista released a graphical demo system Livetopics to help users find what they wanted from thousands of search results.

Personalized Search
September 26, 1995, the UC Berkeley CS assistant Eric Brewer, PhD student Paul Gauthier founded Inktomi (UC Berkeley announces Inktomi), May 20, 1996, Inktomi company was established, The mighty HotBot appeared before the world. Claiming to be able to crawl more than 10 million pages per day, so there are far more new content than other search engines. HotBot also uses cookies to store a user's personal search preferences. (HotBot was one of the most popular search engines in the next few years, after being Lycos acquired) although HotBot has not existed for a long time, the concept of "personalized search" is now a classic of search engine developers.

Alexa
April 1996, Alexa appears, this is a client through the installation of software to collect the Web page of the engine, according to customer access and retention time to determine the value of a Web page to determine the order of its results. Its traffic rank model has become the basis of the value evaluation of the website to some extent. This is also a step forward in the way a lot of cookies are used to collect customer information. After years of precipitation, Alexa has to a certain extent become a site good or bad one of the criteria.

The database age of search engine
August 1997, Northernlight search engine officially appeared. It used to be one of the search engines with the largest database, it has no stop Words, it has excellent current News, a special Collection with more than 7,100 publications, a good advanced search syntax, and the first supports a simple automatic categorization of search results. (January 16, 2002, Northernlight public search engine closed, followed by divine acquisition, but in Nlresearch, selected the world Wide the Web only, still can use the Northernlight search engine) its appearance, Also indicates that the application of the database has become an inevitable trend of search engine development.

The appearance of Chinese search engine
Openfind was founded in January 1998, and its technology derives from the Gais laboratory led by Professor Wu Shen of the Chiang Kai-shek University in Taiwan. Openfind at first only to do Chinese search engine, has been the best Chinese search engine, at the same time for the three famous portals Sina, Kimo, Yahoo to provide Chinese search engine.

February 1998, the Chinese search engine "Sohu" came out, "go out by map, internet to find Sohu" began the Chinese Internet portal era.

2000, Baidu set up in China, is committed to doing the world's largest search engine, China's Google. And on the Nasdaq successfully listed, creating a Chinese Internet another myth.

Have to mention Google
Google identified September 27, 1998 as its birthday. Before October 1998, Google was just a small project at Stanford University BackRub. 1995 Ph. D. Larry Page began learning search engine design, registering the domain name of google.com on September 15, 1997, with the participation of Sergey Brin and Scott Hassan and Alan Steremberg in the end of 1997 Bachrub started providing demo. In February 1999, Google completed its transformation from alpha to beta. Google in PageRank, dynamic summary, Web snapshots, Dailyrefresh, multiple document format support, map stock dictionary search, and other features such as integration, multi-language support, user interface and other functions of innovation, like AltaVista, once again forever changed the definition of the search engine.

By the middle of 2000, Google was praised for its search accuracy, but because the database is not as big as other search engines and lacks advanced search syntax, the use value is not very high and it is not fast. Google did not soar until the database was upgraded in 2000 and Yahoo was chosen as a search engine.

December 2002, Google launched the commodity shopping search engine froogle. Users enter the name of the product you want to buy in the search box, and Google will return the information that is crawled from each shopping site/online store, including product pictures, product descriptions, prices, and links to the site. In addition, Google provides 14 categories of product Classification search, as well as a limited price or price range, such as advanced search capabilities.

The same year in June, Google officially launched Google AdSense Service, according to the content of the page to display the corresponding ads.

2005-2006, Google through a series of actions, to image search, map search, video Search and other fields have a breakthrough. It can be said that everything can be searched as a starting point.

January 2007 Google said it will launch a music video distribution service based on AdSense