Academician talking about the national governance in the age of large data (i)

Micro-credit "Large Data Digest" edited, reproduced please specify.

On the morning of February 26, a seminar on "Open government data" was held at Renmin University, hosted by the Center for Social transformation and social management synergy Innovation of Renmin University of China, chaired by the former deputy president of Renmin University, Feng Huiling, director of social transformation and social management Co-Innovation center. Yulu, President of Renmin University of China, met with guests. Guojie, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering and director of the large Data expert committee of China Computational Society, made a wonderful speech entitled "Data sharing-the prerequisite for modernizing the national governance system in the large data age". The following text is excerpted from the speech of academician Li.

Originally is to focus on some how to evaluate a city or a national data open to do good standards, then think about this question or second, I think the biggest problem is the concept of the problem.

Our country in the 18 session plenary, have a formulation, "the overall goal of comprehensive deepening reform is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and to promote the modernization of national governance system and governance ability." "This formulation is very noble and seldom used to write our goals." One of the key two words is "governance", this "governance" is a lot of management comrades have been discussed, and the past talk about governing, governance, management are linked, but there are relatively large differences. "Governance" here emphasizes the management of multiple subjects, democratic, participatory, interactive management, rather than a single subject management, is not necessarily from the top to the next single line of management, so the state managers, the masses, organizations, units are one of the main body, from the past a subject into multiple bodies, From the past one-way from top to bottom management into all directions coordinated governance. Therefore, as a national governance, as the government officials should have large data thinking mode, now talk about more Internet thinking, big data thinking, computational thinking and so on, are some new thinking and ideas. Through the collation and analysis of the data, the next step is to forecast the public service demand, in order to provide more intelligent and efficient management and service, and promote the development of the country and society.

According to an industry report, the UK government can save 33 billion of pounds a year by using technology that efficiently uses public-large data, with a sizeable savings of 500 pounds per person per year (about 5000 yuan per person per year).

Another thing is amazing, the Harvard University of Kennedy students to the Tsinghua University Management College to exchange. Tsinghua let them analyze what the Chinese government is doing. And asked the Kennedy College student, "Guess how many officials there are in China's central government?" "Someone guess 2 million, a lot of people guess 4 million, others guess 10 million." In fact, our national central government only 50,000 people! What does that mean? These people are not primary school students, they are the Kennedy School of Government, in their view, China, these things need millions of million people to manage. 50,000 people tube, not to say that we are high efficiency, but that a lot of the matter is not regulated, government governance is not in place. To govern a great power, one must have great wisdom, and the source of wisdom should be data, not judgment. We must oppose bureaucratic formalism. Large data age data is not only a tool, but also a strategy, also a world view, but also culture. Big data will bring about a social change, especially in the areas of public administration and public service. This is what I have said in the new book published today, the wisdom government.

Man is the concept of the sum of data. We know that now Google, as well as the Swiss company, they are hiring now, basically do not need you to fill in the Resume form. Because they from your usual to participate in what will, exchange what situation, he can search from the internet you these things, he basically put you this person's level, in what grade, on the portrayal. He has a virtual talent pool. So when he needs to recruit someone, he goes to the library to find it. In the large data age, in the world of data formation, all social relations can be expressed in data, people are the sum of relevant data.

Each source of data has certain limitations. Only the integration of all aspects of the original data (so-called "hair" data), to reflect the full picture of things. The essence and law of things are hidden in the correlation of the element data. This is the sum of the relevant data and the relationship between the parties can be reflected. Different data may have different angles, but the same thing is described. The government's data may be more objective facts, and the data on the Internet may be subjective. For the same problem, different data can reflect different complementary information and increase understanding. This is the role of large data, it is the integration of various aspects of information.

My early years and money old (note: Qian Xuesen) had contact, the money advocated "big into wisdom", the translation into wisdom in cyberspace,90 years when he is so translated. "Must be a synthesis, only wisdom", must set. With data and information, you can be wise. Must be a lot of data. Large data is not to say that the amount of data is very large, but that all aspects of the data, a variety of, very miscellaneous, together, the total amount is large, just call big data. So this different data is a complex system. Large data in the complex system seems to be mostly "0 gold jade" There is no logic, very messy, it may not be able to use the current science and technology can explain, so some things belong to the frontier science of money, big data is now an immature science.

During the war of liberation, our country engaged in agrarian revolution, playing Tyrants division fields. Let people take their land to the tiller. Sun Yat-sen's words how to say, the democratic revolution, with this one of our war of liberation can be won. In the early stage of reform and opening up, Fengyang farmers contracted, but also the tiller has its field, only to obtain agricultural development, led the national reform and opening-up. There is a premise here, is belonging to the people's property, let him have a management power, he went to the tube.

Now is the big data age, as the public property of the government data, essentially belong to the people, if let these data back to the masses, of course, in safeguarding national security, protect personal privacy and business secrets of the premise, its role is like the implementation of the "land to the tiller", is a big change of production relations will also promote the great liberation of productive forces.

The problem now is that many people do not recognize this idea and do not agree to "land on the tiller". For example, some departments take the country's money, the people's tax money collected data, they think that the data belong to their respective departments. In fact, the ownership of this data belongs to the common people. Like internet companies, such as Baidu, Tencent, although have a lot of data, but generally will not be free to open, only to their own company.

The current data sources supporting the big data industry depend largely on the government. Some people worry about what's the use of data when it's open? In fact, there is no need to worry that the government's open data is not used, and after opening the data, many small and medium-sized enterprises will create a variety of data applications to form a chain of raw data in the past. Like New York, more than 500 companies are doing data-related services in 2 years, after the data is released.

Just speaking of "Government development data", "Public sector information" and "Big data" are not exactly the same, the relationship is shown in the following figure:

"Government-opened data" should account for the bulk of "public sector information" and "Big Data" is a public concept, not only for government data but also for corporate data. In China, for example, the company has reduced the cost of testing the individual genome to below $1000 trillion, tens of thousands of or even hundreds of thousands of dollars before. A person's genetic sequencing combined with genetic profiling data was about 1TB, and the amount of data that was sequenced for 1 million people reached 1000PB (1EB). Less than two years into the New York Open Data platform, there are already 2090 sets of data online, and there are hundreds of new mobile applications. By 2016, Zhongguancun should cultivate 500 large data enterprises, build more than 10 industry large data application platform, drive industry scale over 1 trillion yuan. Before I participated in Guizhou province demonstration, 2020 the large data industry of Guizhou province to 450 billion. Although I do not recommend the use of the word "driven", because this "drive" is not able to assess, so I suggest that the state to do planning, less use the word "driven". But in any case, it can embody the concept of quantity level, can inspire confidence.

The data shared by the government is divided into three categories:

(i) Information-sharing for operational operations. This kind of sharing is designed for the staff, the bank loans to check the credit database, the immigration formalities to check the list of bureau-level cadres, when handling tax business to check the home value-added tax. Now the government policy, the Open data, mainly refers to this part. Whether it is Guangzhou, Shanghai or Ningbo, the Open data, most of which refer to this category, is the data needed for office processes between government departments.

(ii) Management-oriented information sharing. This shared data is used mostly by managers of various businesses. Managers need to see the operation of all aspects of the business in a timely manner to facilitate timely control, adjustment and recording of data for future reference

(iii) Information-sharing for research and decision-making. The use of such sharing is primarily policy researchers, executives and business leaders. The function of information sharing is discovering knowledge, summarizing laws, discovering new knowledge from data, new problems, formulating new policies, and needing large data

We are still in phase one and there is a long way to go from one to three.

The principle of open government data presented by foreign countries:

1. Integrity: No privacy, security or privilege restrictions

2. Primitive: The source of data collection has the highest level of granularity, not in the form of aggregation or modification.

3. Timeliness: Data can be obtained as quickly as needed.

4. Accessibility: Data can be provided to the widest range of users and the widest range of uses.

5. Can handle: The data structure is reasonable, allow machine to handle automatically.

6. Non-discriminatory: data available to anyone, without registration requirements.

7. Non-exclusive (non-proprietary): Exclusive control

8. Non-licensee (license-free): Data not subject to any copyright, patent, trademark or trade secret control

These more refer to the "right to Know", the masses, citizens have the right to know information.

The subject group of academician Li has put forward six principles of the government's Open data, and the next one will be shared.

"Wisdom Government: The advent of the era of large data governance," author Xu Jihua, Feng Qina, Chen Zhenru was invited to attend and presented the book to each guest.

(Responsible editor: The good of the Legacy)