Brain Science networking, cloud computing, big data relationships

Brain science and the Internet at the beginning of this century, with the development of the Internet, new applications and concepts have been born, in which the network of things, cloud computing and large data has been the focus of researchers, and has caused a wide range of research upsurge.

Researchers have studied the internet of things, cloud computing and large data in different ways, and achieved many results. But there are still problems to be solved, such as the Internet of things, cloud computing, the relationship between big data and the Web, and how they are differentiated and correlated. The intersection of Internet and brain science, which began in the early part of this century, lays the foundation for analyzing internet, cloud computing and large data.

If we look at the new applications and functions of the Internet in the last 20 years, we can intuitively find that the Internet and the structure of the brain are more and more similar. These include: printers, remote control of copiers, doctors operate through remote networks; China's Water conservancy department in the soil, rivers, air sensors, in time to the temperature, humidity, wind speed and other data transmission through the Internet to the Information Processing center, the formation of reports for flood control and drought-resistant decision use; Google launched the "Street View" service, installed in the city to install multiple camera cameras, internet users can real-time watch Denver, Las Vegas, Miami, New York and San Francisco and other cities.

These new Internet phenomena, respectively, with the sports nervous system, the somatic sensory system, the embryonic vision of neural systems, based on the above new internet phenomenon, September 2008 we published a paper "Internet Evolution Law discovery and Analysis", from a neurological point of view to analyze the mature structure of the internet, Abstract it as a highly similar structure to the human brain-the internet virtual brain. Find and locate the Internet's virtual auditory, visual, sensory, motor, and virtual central nervous systems. Map the brain structure of the Internet (Figure 1).

Figure 1 Internet virtual brain Structure map

Since then, advances in science have also confirmed the possibility of cross correlation between the internet and neurology, June 10, 2010 the University of Southern California neuroscience scientist Larry Swansen and Thompson published papers in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) Hypothesis-driven Structural connectivity analysis supports receptacle over hierarchical model of brain architecture "points out that the nervous system in a small area of the mouse brain resembles the internet structure. Larry Swansen's research suggests that the presence of an internet structure in the brain can explain the brain's ability to overcome local damage, as any single part of the internet can be removed, but the rest of the network works as usual, and the nervous system is not absolutely indispensable. The study shows that the Internet is relevant to neurology from the neurological field.

November 16, 2012, the University of California, San Diego, Dmitri Krioukov in the "Scientific Report", published a paper "Receptacle cosmology", also proposed that the Internet and neural network development and construction of a high degree of similarity. The research group uses computer simulations and combines a variety of other calculations, it is proved that in the dynamic development and control of complex networks, the graph of causality network describing large scale space-time structure is a power function curve with significant clustering features, and has high similarity with many complex networks such as Internet, social network and cranial nerve network, etc. [3]. The study of Dmitri Krioukov provides powerful data support for the idea of the Internet virtual brain.

The Internet virtual brain of the proposed and mapping, on the one hand, can help us to predict the future of the Internet development trend and mature structure, with a neurological perspective on the operation of the Internet, on the other hand, I hope to be able to network things, cloud computing, large data, mobile Internet applications, etc. The differences and connections between them are studied through the brain-like structure of the Internet.

In November 2005, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) issued a report entitled "The ITU Internet reports 2005-the Internet of Things", which formally presented the term "Internet for Things,iot", Although the report does not have a clear definition of the internet of things, but from a functional point of view, the ITU believes that "all objects in the world can exchange information through the Internet to realize the interconnection of any moment, any place, any object, ubiquitous networks and ubiquitous computing"; From a technical standpoint, the ITU considers that " The Internet of things involves radio frequency identification (RFID), sensor technology, nanotechnology and intelligent technology.

In the world, there is no unified definition and structure of the Internet of things, and the most famous is the Sensei networking architecture proposed by the EU Seventh Framework Plan (FRAMEWORKPROGRAM7, FP7), which aims to distribute the sensor and actuator network across the globe through Intnet (WS &an) is connected to form a truly world wide Internet (RWI) and defines an open service access interface and corresponding semantic specifications to provide a unified network and information Management Service.

In addition, the Auto ID laboratory is composed of 7 universities such as MIT and Cambridge University, Japan University of Tokyo UID Center, Korea Institute of Electronics and Communication Technology (ETRI), University of Virginia, European Telecommunication Standards Organization (ETSI), The sixth University of Paris has designed and explored the architecture of the IoT from different aspects [7].

On the whole, the Internet of Things emphasizes the concept of sensor perception, and it also has the functions of network transmission, information storage and processing, and interface of industry application. It is also often shared with the Internet server, network lines and application interface, so that people and people (Human ti Human, creates), people and objects (Human to thing,h2t), objects (thing to thing,t2t) between the exchange becomes possible, will eventually make human society, Information space is integrated with the physical world (human machine). Based on the differences and connections between the Internet of things and the web, we have shown in the Internet virtual Brain structure diagram, illustrated in Figure 2, to describe the relationship between the Internet of things and the traditional web, the Internet of things and the virtual brain.

Fig. 2 The relationship between Internet of things and virtual brain

After IBM and Google announced their collaboration in cloud Computing in October 2007, Cloud computing quickly became a hot spot for industry and academia to study ... The definition of cloud computing in the IBM technical white paper is: "The term cloud computing is used to describe a system platform or a type of application." A cloud computing platform can be dynamically deployed, configured, reconfigured, and canceled on demand. The servers in the cloud computing platform can be both physical and virtual. Cloud applications run network applications and network services using large data centers and powerful servers. Any user can access a cloud computing application using the right Internet access device and a standard browser. ”。

The emergence of cloud computing has its historical roots, with the development of the Internet, the Internet emerging applications of the data storage volume is increasing, the Internet business growth is also getting faster. Therefore the Internet enterprise's hardware and software maintenance cost increases unceasingly, becomes the heavy burden which many enterprises. At the same time, the Internet super large enterprises such as GOOGLE,IBM, Amazon's hardware and software resources have a large number of spare, not enough to use, in this case, the Internet from the enterprise's hardware and software construction to the centralized cloud computing conversion will become the inevitable development of the Internet.

Looking at the concept of cloud computing and practical application, we can see that cloud computing has two characteristics, first, the Internet's basic services resources such as server hardware, software, data and application services began to focus and unified. Second, the Internet users do not have to repeat the heavy consumption of resources, the establishment of independent hardware and software facilities and maintenance personnel. Through the Internet to accept the services of cloud computing providers, you can achieve the functionality you need.

We know that the central nervous system (CNS nervous system) of the brain, in the process of centralization of the nervous systems of the animals, is a part of the center of their form and of the centers of their function. The central nervous system has the function of controlling and regulating the whole organism activity.

In the Internet virtual brain architecture, the internet virtual brain of the central nervous system is the core of the Internet hardware layer, core software layer and the Internet Information layer to provide support and services for the Internet's virtual nervous system, from the definition, cloud computing and the Internet virtual brain of the characteristics of the CNS is very consistent. Ideally, the sensor and Internet users interact with cloud computing through network lines and computer terminals, providing data to cloud computing and receiving services from cloud computing. Based on the above analysis, we mark the position of cloud computing in Figure 3 as follows.

Figure 3 Cloud computing and Internet virtual brain relationship

Nature has launched the big Data issue as early as 2008. Science in February 2011 launched the special issue of "dealing with data", mainly around the scientific research of large data issues to discuss the importance of large data for scientific research. McKinsey, a world-renowned consulting firm, released a detailed report on big data in June 2011, data:the next frontier for innovation, competition, and Productivity, has carried on the thorough analysis to the big data influence, the key technology and the application domain and so on.

In March 2012, the Obama administration launched the large Data Research and development initiative (big and Development initiative), investing more than $200 million trillion to officially launch the Big Data Development program. It is planned to make breakthroughs in scientific research, environment, biomedicine and other fields using large data technology.

There is no uniform definition of large data, and a more representative definition of 3V is that large data needs to meet 3 characteristics: Scale (Volume), diversity (produced) and high speed (velocity). In addition, IDC believes that large data should also be valuable (value), the value of large data often appear sparse characteristics. IBM believes that big data should be authentic (veracity) with the rise of blogs, social networks, cloud computing and Internet technologies, data on the web is growing and accumulating at an unprecedented rate, and academia, industry and even government agencies have begun to pay close attention to big data issues, It should be said that large data is the inevitable outcome of the Internet development to a certain stage, the interaction of Internet users, enterprise and Government information release, the real-time information sensor sensors are generating a large number of structured and unstructured data, which is scattered throughout the network system, the volume is extremely large. These data contain very valuable information to economy, science and technology, education and so on, the research of large data is through data mining, knowledge discovery and depth study to sort out these data, form valuable data product. Available to Government, industry enterprises and individual users of the Internet for use and consumption.

When we define the information layer of the Internet virtual Brain in the paper "The Cross Contrast study of internet and Neurology", it has been described as "" "The information of the Internet exploded in the form of text, two-dimensional images, documents, videos, sounds, three-dimensional images, etc., distributed over the Internet servers, routers, switches, User terminals and the Internet virtual nervous system. We refer to these information distributed in the Internet collectively as the Internet virtual brain information layer or data ocean. "We have explained earlier that the rise of new Internet applications, represented by cloud computing, shows that Internet basic services are developing both in the direction of centralization and unification, whether from hardware, software or data." In other words, the future of large data will also have a new feature-unity (Unity). It can be foreseen that as the capacity of large data increases further, the storage mode tends to concentrate further. Large data will gradually form the information layer of the Internet virtual brain (data ocean). Therefore, we mark the large data in Figure 4 as follows.

Fig. 4 The relationship between large data and Internet virtual brain

Based on the Internet virtual brain structure map, this paper analyzes the relationship between Internet and IoT, cloud computing and large data, identifies the location of Internet, cloud computing, large data and traditional Internet in the virtual brain structure map. It shows that the Internet virtual brain architecture based on neurology can effectively unify the new application and new concepts produced in the process of Internet development.

The next step is to use more neurological knowledge to analyze the operating patterns and trends of Internet, IoT, cloud computing and large data. The directions worth studying include: can you use the principle of neural reflex to analyze the interaction between the Internet and cloud computing, and whether we can use the structure of neurons to analyze the combination of social network and IoT, and analyze the progress of large data research through the test design of "Internet virtual Brain IQ". The study of these directions will be discussed later in this discussion.