CCTV: Guarantee companies do not do the hidden rules erosion guarantee industry

Photo 01: In the SME financing process, the guarantee company played an important role, generally speaking, they will provide credit to the enterprises with insufficient credits to help enterprises get bank loans, and once the borrower is not money, the guarantee company to repay, but the reporter investigation found that Some guarantee companies in the actual operation put aside their own business to do the bank's trading. Photo 02: Chen Jinshan More and more feel the industry's some unspoken rules are gradually eroding the guarantee industry's future, the threshold of security is relatively low, and do not need where to examine and approve, register to become, can do, in the lack of income, it may also do some private funds lending business, do some supplement.　　Photo 03: Many years in charge of the work of small and medium-sized enterprises Luszaki to us, the current United States, Europe, Japan and other international practice is to the SME credit guarantee institutions located in the pure public products, by the Government's financial contribution to establish a policy guarantee agency, so that it for the enterprise service effect is very obvious These two days we are investigating the SME financing situation, frequently heard a word, guarantee company. In the process of SME financing, the guarantee companies play an important role, generally speaking, they will provide credit to the enterprises to guarantee the credibility of enterprises to help obtain bank loans, and once the borrower is not the money, the guarantee company to repay. Of course, the guarantee company will also in advance to the borrowing enterprises to provide collateral, and charge a certain fee. It should be said that the emergence of the guarantee company can let the bank in the review of SME loans to reduce the risk of reducing costs, to the small and medium-sized enterprises in need of funds to play a timely role.　　But our correspondent also found that some guarantee companies in the actual operation but put aside their own business, and the bank to do business.　　Is there a problem with the guarantee agency? A guarantee Company staff: "This one is from the bank, one is borrowed from the private, quickly a little must be private, private this thing is relatively convenient, especially if you do short-term." "After the show, the staff member said that without the bank, they would be able to directly help clients to do short-term borrowing, but also more convenient and quick."　　The guarantee company, which offers such efficient services, is much more than this one. A guarantee Company staff: "Can private loans, but to three points." "Reporter:" that is how to borrow? is not through the bank? "A guarantee Company staff:" Do not pass the bank, that is, we privately give you a loan. "A guarantee Company staff:" We do it privately, 3% one months. "The so-called 3 points, 3% in the guarantee company refers to through their private borrowing monthly, the conversion of adult interest rate is 36%, and the current Bank one-year loan annual interest rate of 5.31%."　　Yet even so, it is not high enough that the guarantee company can offer a mortgage-free loan. Staff member of a guarantee company: "That's expensive, that's estimated to be five cents." "Journalist:" What is a Mao-five concept? "10,000 dollars (one months) 1500," said the clerk. "A security company staff:" To private loan usury to go,You can talk about it, but the interest is high and you may not be able to handle it. Reporter: How tall? "A guarantee Company staff:" To 10% (monthly) "Journalist:" more than 10 points. "The staff of a guarantee company:" Yes, you can't afford to do a legitimate business. "These so-called security agencies are not at all secretive about the kind of financing services that even normal businessmen cannot afford," he said. For example, this is not a door to see the billboard, "private lending, short-term financing," and other services publicity, without any suspicion to impressively in the eyes.　　And in the guarantee company to the customer's business card, it is also a straightforward expression can "help people make money". A guarantee Company staff: "Other customers he needs to borrow money, then you have more cash, we can help you to do." "Reporter:" means I can take money, you help me to right side? "A guarantee Company staff:" Yes, there is no risk. "In the publicity of the guarantee company, this is a low risk, high income financial good choice."　　In fact, this is the name of the United States "investment banking" services, but in disguise to absorb deposits, loans to the banking business. Reporter: You this business is good to do. "A guarantee Company staff:" This business must be good, you do not borrow certain people borrow, right, but I if you, serious business, no one interested in this.　　"In front of the company engaged in Mold manufacturing, because of the previous cooperation of the security companies to flight margin, saddled with a heavy financing costs." June 2007, the company through a security letter guarantee company to the bank to apply for a sum of 2 million yuan loans. At that time, the guarantee company offered to provide 20% of the counter guarantee, although the cost is high, but in order to fight for liquidity as soon as possible, the enterprise agreed.　　At the same time, the two sides agreed to repay the loan, 400,000 yuan will be returned immediately. Ultra-Tatsu Machinery Technology Co., Ltd. in charge of Wang Aiping: "The guarantee company is afraid that enterprises will not be able to pay, they will have to bear (joint) responsibility, but so far no one is afraid of a guarantee company, so we do not worry about this matter." However, the unconditional reliance of the small business on the guarantee company failed to return the sincerity of the other party.　　After the loan, when the enterprise to the guarantee company to ask for security, the answer is that the company has no money. Wang Aiping: "They gave a letter to us, in the letter is to say, they will actively strive to bring this money back to us, and when one months arrived, we go after, the person also can not find."　　"In this letter to the customer, which has no official seal," the guarantee company said that because "the company has not recovered many foreign claims, so the funds are in short supply, resulting in the failure to return the security deposit."　　After many recovery still fruitless, helpless's Wang Aiping had to sue the guarantee company to court. Wang Aiping: "At the time of the lawsuit, there were several more, 800,000, 600,000, and I was not the most, their legal counsel,Never left, just one after another (mediation). After a lengthy process of litigation, conciliation, and enforcement, the court finally issued a civil order in August 2008: "The case is terminated and, in the future, if the property is found to be enforceable, it can be applied again." "Wang Aiping:" Our enterprise invested a lot of manpower, money or something, but ultimately there is no result, now this case is still this way, anyway, we can not find, there is no way, our enterprises appear very helpless. "Reporter:" We note that the Anxin Investment guarantee company has had a very close cooperative relationship with the relevant banks, but now is suspected of misappropriation of dozens of customers margin, then the background of the company's life, what is the status of the enterprise now? We also hope that the company's registered, Industrial and Commercial Administration department to find some clues.　　"Through the business sector of the relevant information reporter found that anxin investment guarantee company since its establishment in October 03, a short span of five years has undergone 16 business changes, of which only the legal representative of the frequent replacement of 4 times, the scope of business, also in 06 before and after the special accession to the" Real estate development ". Wang Aiping: "As far as I know, they may be a flight out of what real estate development, perhaps because the current economic environment is not too good, this money can not come back temporarily, may not even come back." "On the other hand, anxin to customers to express the inability to repay the" letter to the customer "to show the time for November 07, but from the Industry and Commerce Department for the record of the change information, it just recently made a capital increase, and the increase of more than one times.　　Is there a reversal of the financial situation in the short term, even if it is hard to repay a mere 400,000? A person in the industry: "Provincial finance has such a document, that is, to encourage some guarantee agencies to increase the registered capital, can have 5 per thousand of the financial subsidy, do not rule out is that some companies in order to guarantee subsidies, and falsely increase the registered capital to obtain financial subsidies."　　"In the survey, the reporter found that help enterprises to increase capital, capital verification, and even a number of guarantee companies to provide services." Reporter: "Do not see when the industrial and commercial capital verification?" "The person in charge of the guarantee company:" I want to make money. "Reporter:" for a few days? "The person in charge of a guarantee company:" That may play for three days, for example you are 1 million business license, you only 1 million, but you have to expand the capital 5 million, I want to play 5 million cash, bank draft, and then to the Trade and Industry Bureau, all this capital chain to help you increase capital.　　"On the other hand, the status of the Anxin investment guarantee Company remains" at the end of May this year, according to information. Journalist: According to the information we have learned in the business sector, Anxin Investment Guarantee Co., Ltd. The last place of registration is in the three floor of the building where I am now, but when we come here we find that the company name here is ' Exchange limited ' and the door is locked and empty. On the door of this company, we see a sign that says the Anxin investment guarantee Company's current office location has moved to a place called learning Tiandong.　　"This notice does not mark the date, and the above mentioned learning Tiandong is in front of the suburb of the ordinary residential district, then the letter of guarantee company's office location, what is the situation now?" Reporter: "22 floor 106 There is no one, you know?" "Neighbor:" Do not know, do not know, they are rented people's house, for a long time not seen.　　"Does the guarantee company have the function of providing credit guarantee for the enterprise?" We have seen many problems in the security institutions, and these phenomena reflect the embarrassing situation of the whole guarantee industry. As a very important industry, the guarantee industry in China has not formed a unified regulatory system, what kind of companies can enter the security industry, which department of the security Industry to guide the business norms and management, is still blank, as we saw before, many guarantee companies trickery,　　Engaged in is not the guarantee business, also does not have to provide the credit guarantee for the enterprise the function. Chen Jinshan: "Because the guarantee business is not smooth, that is, to withdraw some of the funds to other places or local investment, the boss of the industry to invest in the guarantee company, easy to finance their own entities when providing security, this situation is to take the bank loans."　　"Chen Jinshan's guarantee company is the provincial Credit Guarantee association's vice-President unit, after several days of repeated communication, he finally agreed to accept our interview, because he more and more feel that the industry's some unspoken rules are gradually eroding the future of the guarantee industry." Chen Jinshan: "The threshold of security is relatively low, and do not need where to approve, then go to register to become, can do it, can not do other business."　　"Only in the form of a notice in 05, the NDRC in terms of access to secured industries, if the SME credit guarantee institutions with over 100 million yuan of provincial and registered capital are required to be established by their approval, and the two conditions are not reached, they shall be registered with the general industrial and commercial enterprises without any prior approval. Circular of the National Development and Reform Commission on the establishment and alteration of credit guarantee institutions across provinces or large small and medium-sized enterprises--"I shall be responsible for the establishment and alteration of the credit guarantee agencies of the large and medium-sized enterprises in the provinces and regions, and shall implement the supervision and management according to the relevant laws and regulations of the "Business sector registry:" Does not require approval, a billion below the direct registration. Journalist: Is there a minimum limit on registered capital? "Business sector registry:" There is no limit.　　"In other words, according to the minimum limit of the company law, theoretically two or more shareholders of 30,000 yuan registered capital, you can set up a guarantee company, and the scope of business, the existence of enterprises to increase capital, change and other procedures are also the same as ordinary business enterprises." Luszaki, director of Finance and Statistics Department of Zhejiang Small and Medium Enterprises Bureau: "Industry and commerce it is stipulated that as long as you do not prohibit the law can be done, and from the business sector point of viewIt's more inclined to you. Do not put the scope of the provisions too dead, but we believe that, as a guarantee agency is a special kind of enterprise, we must limit its scope of operation, so as to make the entire business activities of the security agencies like banks to standardize, standardization. "Many years in charge of SME work Luszaki to us, in 06, the CBRC made it clear that the banking institutions should cooperate with the guarantee agencies with a registered capital of more than 100 million yuan." Although this rule was abolished in February this year, but the industry is not standardized to lead to the shrinking of bank-insurance cooperation, SME financing guarantee more difficult, has become an indisputable fact.　　Recently, this has also caused the relevant departments to attach great importance to. Luszaki: "The State Council recently has documents, to the financing of the security agencies to implement the Government license, that is, to have a signature approval, so that the financing of the security agencies set the threshold for more serious security business supervision." In January 09, the State Council order No. 548 expressly stipulates that future departments determined by local governments shall approve the establishment and alteration of "financing guarantee institutions".　　One months later, again issued clearly by the CBRC led the establishment of "guarantee business supervision inter-ministerial Joint Meeting system."　　At the same time, the reporter also found that, in addition to access, regulatory deficiencies, resulting in the current security industry management confusion, there is a major reason. Chen Jinshan: "Private guarantee company it has the pressure of dividends, it needs to have a certain amount of income, in the lack of income, it may do some private funds lending business, do some supplement."　　"According to the relevant provisions of the Ministry of Finance, in order to reduce the burden of small and medium-sized enterprises, the security agencies to collect security fees generally controlled within 50% of the bank lending rate at the same time, and need to extract the corresponding amount of risk reserves for security payments, so the formal guarantee company's profit is extremely low Luszaki: "Our country's guarantee institution's registered capital is a pluralistic, and Japan all by the government contribution, the small and medium-sized Enterprise is the weak group, is the government must support the object, then if said, some government public finance must do, lets the private capital to do, that is violates the objective stipulation, That means its profit model does not exist.　　Luszaki said that at present, the United States, Europe, Japan and other international practices are to be, SME credit guarantee agencies located in pure public products, by the Government's financial contribution to establish a policy guarantee agency, so that it for the enterprise service effect is very obvious.　　Japan Jinggang County, for example, has secured loans amounting to 45% of total bank loans, compared with 5% in China's relatively well-developed security sector, while the Jinggang companies use secured financing channels to reach 24% per cent, compared with 2% in Zhejiang province. Luszaki: "From the present situation of our country, all are policy guarantee agencies, in the current situation, or not objective, not practical, but also to have a transition, that is, to guide private capital to participate in the construction of the guarantee system, in which we as a government must, to solve the problem of private capital, risk compensation The second is to address the risk points of the security institutionLoose the question, also must establish the reinsurance system, thus enables it to be able to devote oneself to the small and medium-sized Enterprise service.　　"How can we establish a healthy and sound guarantee system to really get through the financing channels between banks and SMEs?" In the face of the huge financial gap, it is not feasible to set up a policy guarantee agency, as developed countries have to rely entirely on government funds. However, the use of private capital to operate in a market-based manner, there is the contradiction between risks and benefits, which will inevitably lead to some of the security agencies operating illegally, participate in private lending activities. How can we establish a healthy and sound guarantee system to really open up the financing channels between banks and SMEs?　　Let's take a look at Zhejiang's attempt. Reporter: "Before we see, due to the existence of some guarantee companies operating irregular, insufficient credit, management confusion and other issues, resulting in many security agencies did not play a role in the financing process of SMEs, so how can the maximum extent of the perfect guarantee company these short boards, so that the real financing of small and medium-sized enterprises this chain? The state opens the Bank Zhejiang Branch and the provincial Small and medium-sized Enterprise Bureau, then together has created a new kind of guarantee system, it has a very image name--' embraces the regiment to increase the letter ' the guarantee financing pattern.　　"The so-called holding group letter of guarantee Financing mode, refers to the integration of a number of security agencies into a common security system, with the bank, enterprises, Government Quartet to form a loan financing platform."　　Zheng Wenjun's Zhongcai Guarantee Company is a member of the group, this day she as usual to a small business to do after the check, but different from the past, this time she was particularly about two peer group friends. Reporter: "What does your two have to do with this enterprise?" "The guarantee agency holds the group to increase the letter member, Jiangshan SME Loan Guarantee Center Director Jiang:" We do not have a relationship, is our Zhongcai guarantee company to do the project, but we are a few are a platform inside the members, so according to our group letter of credit Management after the method, we together to check the situation after the enterprise loans. "The group's credit-enhancement model establishes the joint supervision mechanism of the guarantee company, strong peer pressure also within the Mission guarantee company formed a stakeholder the director of the Financial Statistics Department of the SME Bureau of Zhejiang province Luszaki:" Each guarantee agency will first give the platform 1 million of the risk reserves, then the problem, the 10 guarantee agencies to jointly bear. "　　"At the same time, the group has also set up a special layer of monitoring firewall, reducing the risk of individual guarantee companies malicious default." Luszaki: "Its monthly business, financial statements, and the flow of its entire capital are subject to the risk-decision committee, which is the strict monitoring of the platform, that is, to make its operations, to the maximum extent possible, to guarantee services for small and medium-sized enterprises, rather than to do business outside the warranty."　　"With the continuous optimization of the operating environment, the regiment of the guarantee companies, but also really appreciate the benefits of holding the regiment." The guarantee organization holds the group to add the letter member, Changxing the trustworthiness SME Technology guarantee Company general Manager Zhang Fenying: "Just started intoWhen the guarantee Company believes that the credibility of the guarantee company is not very high, want us to find business, now is the bank to the business to us to push, so that means for small and medium-sized Enterprises also provide a good channel for financing collateral. Fan Xianwei, deputy governor of Zhejiang branch of the National Development Bank, said: "The credit ability of a guarantee company becomes the credit ability of 10 guarantee companies, and then with the guidance and credit of government departments, we feel that we can minimize the risk of this loan." In Hangzhou Xiaoshan, the reporter also saw another kind of innovation guarantee mode.　　The guarantee company here has no office space, not even a company sign. Hangzhou Xiaoshan River Village Economic Development Office Director Fengxiang: "This is our office, and we guarantee the office of the company, we may be a little different from the other guarantee company, we have the office and the guarantee company are together, the staff are together."　　"This is Xiaoshan District in the respective town street, the establishment of a mutual aid security agency, from each town street finance injected start-up funds, the choice of a good credit, small growth enterprises voluntarily invested in the formation, so that the insured enterprises are both the shareholders of the guarantee company, but also the object of service. Zhejiang Xiaoshan Rural Cooperative Bank Vice president of the attack: "Because the distance is relatively close, the information is more sensitive, so the town Street guarantee company recommended customers we are more trust, we are a priority to support the guarantee company's member enterprises." "Township Street Security Agency staff are from the town street through the office staff part-time, staff wages, office funds by administrative subsidies, closed, non-profit, effectively reduce the financing costs of small enterprises."　　And this seemingly invisible guarantee company, its role is obvious. "Banks on the one hand we have trained a group of their loyal customers, they have to do a strong, bigger, regardless of the enterprise, the bank, the local government has played a win-winning effect." "Half-hour observation: the only way to solve the problem is to innovate." An article in Oriental Outlook said that one of the important reasons for the difficulty of financing of SMEs is that the main structure of the current financial system is not designed for small and medium-sized enterprises, and many commercial banks ' credit risk assessment and cost-benefit models are　　There are many limitations to the financing of SMEs by relying only on large and medium-sized commercial banks in the existing financial system.　　And we see that it is precisely because of the emergence of security agencies, it is flexible and diverse ways to make up for the credit gap between enterprises and banks, so as to resolve the institutional barriers for small and medium-sized enterprises to find a realistic financing shortcut. However, the guarantee system which has been placed great expectations by numerous small and medium sized enterprises has been plagued by many difficulties, the construction of legal regulations related to credit guarantee industry lags behind, the lack of risk dispersion and compensation mechanism in the scale filial piety of guarantee institutions, the imperfect operating procedures of the guarantee institutions and the imperfect risk control system Coupled with the corresponding SME credit system has not been established. When we want to use an innovation to solve a long-standing problem, we suddenly see that there are many newProblem, we need to come up with more innovative wisdom. The process may be fraught with twists and pains, but as Premier Wen Jiabao has suggested, China's economic sustainability must deepen financial reform and improve the financial environment. Only by allowing every link in the financial system to meet the actual demand of China's economy, so that every blood vessel in the financial market can be seamlessly connected to the real economy, our financial and manufacturing industries can achieve a win-win situation, and promote the transformation of manufacturing power to financial power.