China's steel industry from the angle of policy

China's steel industry in the face of severe winter, it is necessary to reflect on the development of China's steel industry from a variety of perspectives, and gradually explore the Chinese steel industry to go to the whole industry is aihongbianye, the situation of devastation, this is not only the industry in which every person must consider the issue, but also every entrepreneur Scholars should think and study the object. Steel industry can not be separated from the policy support, guidance, of course, not only inseparable from the background of the Times and the market environment at that time, on the market for the iron and steel industry, has talked enough, then from a policy perspective of China's steel industry, in-depth perspective of the impact of policy on the steel industry Maybe it's a meaningful thing for every one of us in the steel trade today.

1890 Qing Huguang Governor Zhang Zhidong led the construction of China's first modern steel plant ——— Hanyang Iron Works, 1890 has thus become the beginning of China's modern iron and steel, this period of China's iron and steel development is basically no specific guidance, but is and then swept the world "in the West with" Thought related. Zhang Zhidong, "Quanxue" is a summary of the "Chinese-Western-use" theory, especially noteworthy is that Zhang Zhidong advocated the study of Western science and technology, and even conditional learning of Western education, culture, economic system, on the basis of learning to advocate change, He even criticized the old-fashioned die-hards blindly rejecting Western culture, the so-called "solid cover arrogance", "self-trapped in peril", and so on (specific content see "Quanxue article" Zhang Zhidong, Li Zhongxing commentary, Zhongzhou ancient book publishing house, September 1998, 161th page. In addition, Zhang Zhidong's "Quanxue" writing aims to "ward off evil spirits", attack the theory of reform and reform, but indirectly reflects his study of Western science and technology ideas. Generally speaking, the diffusion of the thought of "medium body and West" is the root cause of the construction of Hanyang Iron Works.

If the development of China's iron and steel industry is divided into two periods before and after the founding of the PRC, then the planned economy period before the reform and opening up, that is, 1949-1978, the high concentration of the planned economic system tied the development of the steel industry, China's steel development can be said chaos. 1953-The first five-year plan of 1957 clearly stipulated that during the period of "15", heavy industry capital investment accounted for 85% of the investment in industrial capital construction, accounting for 72.9% of the total investment in agricultural construction, and clearly proposed the establishment and expansion of modern steel industry. With the help of the Soviet Union, the first five-plan can be said to lay the foundation for the future development of China's steel industry. But the momentum of this development was shattered later in 1959-The Great Famine of 1961 and the Cultural Revolution of 1966-1976. At the end of 1958, Mao Zedong put forward the slogan of "taking Steel as the outline", the development of China's steel in the Great Leap forward period has experienced a long-term pain, China's steel industry in the "Steel as the key" slogan led to a nosedive, our national economy has suffered a huge damage. September 1, 1958, on September 5, the People's Daily published an editorial entitled "Full commitment to steel production", issued by the People's Daily editorial entitled "Act now to complete the great task of doubling the steel industry", and set out the overall view of steel as "socialism in China 1919- 1965, Yu, Guangdong Education Press, 2011 edition. Despite the emergence of "two-combination", the so-called "Angang Constitution" in 1960, in the management of a little light, which was commendable at that time, but after all, can not change the period of the specific historical period of the steel industry turbidity (Detailed: Central forwarding of the Anshan Committee on the Development of technological innovation and technological revolution report on the situation criticism , Mao Zedong, March 22, 1960). In order to rectify the enterprises that had been messed up during the Great Leap Forward, the Communist Party of the CPC Central Committee issued on September 16, 1961 the regulations on the work of State industrial enterprises (draft), that is, "70 Articles of Industry". But this still is the administrative means does not make our country's steel industry to drive away the haze ushered in the spring. Despite the reorganization, whether from steel production or steel varieties have reached the best level of history (the relevant data show that 1965 steel production Volume I 12.33 million tons, 1957 years 5.35 million tons of 2.28 times times, industrial output also reached 1957 years twice times. ), but whether it is the slogan "Steel", or "iron-and-steel" of the pride, or Mao Zedong "Angang Constitution" concept, after all, is the planned economy era of China's steel industry experienced growth pains and skin sores, even if the introduction of some corrective measures or provisions, also belong to the palliative solution. Then the political movement of the Cultural Revolution, China's steel industry will be more like mummified. 1978 of the Reform and opening-up, China's steel industry ushered in a new round of development opportunities. The development of Mao era doomed the old way of economic development has gone into a corner, reform has becomeThe whole Chinese people's inner call and supreme aspiration. The reform and opening-up in the 1978 made China's steel industry regain its new life. But this does not mean that 1978 years after the development of China's steel industry is its own original "Chinese characteristics" of the development of the road, no nation can create a second dream in the same world, so "Chinese characteristics" is only a gaudy concept (detailed "Chen said China economy", Preface: China is part of the world process, Chen, Shanxi Economic Publishing house, January 2010. Therefore, the development of China's steel after the reform and opening up, try to look from the innovation, "characteristics", try to look from China's unique development of the so-called characteristics of the road to investigate, can not be compared to the history of the country in the steel industry norms of the normative guidance of the real. After the reform and opening-up, China's iron and steel industry in the spring of the arrival of the symbolic significance of the event is Baosteel on December 23, 1978 in Shanghai Construction, and in the previous five days, the Communist Party of the ninth session of the plenary. The meeting pointed out that the shortcomings of the right concentration in the economic management system of our country have severely restrained the development of China's economy, decentralization of management autonomy, and transfer to the company's professional firms or joint companies, which will help to effectively improve the management efficiency of enterprises, and should begin to streamline economic administrative institutions at all levels In order to further promote the development of the industry. Baosteel, as a modern company with high and new technology and modern management as its operating concept, is a bright color in the dim history of China's steel industry. Under the guidance of the Plenary, the State promulgated a series of provisions, such as May 10, 1984, the State Council formulated the "on the further expansion of state-owned industrial enterprises of the interim provisions" ((1984)67), to enterprises in the production and management plans, product sales, Price and so on 10 aspects with due power. This provision was later replaced by the "state-owned industrial enterprise conversion operating Mechanism Ordinance" ((1992)103), the latter on the autonomy of the enterprise to allow greater space (the reasons for the abolition, the personal view is that from January 18, 1992 to February 21 Deng Xiaoping's South tour speech, The South Patrol speech clarified people's vague understanding of planned economy and market economy, confirmed that socialism can also engage in market economy, which made Baosteel the most competitive steel joint enterprise in China, and laid a foundation for its continuous development and expansion. Drought and repression of the Chinese steel industry finally released the enthusiasm of the masses under the premise, ushered in a round with fresh air spring moisture, the suffering of the Chinese steel industry finally can be a big mouth gasp. (Specific information can refer to "Baosteel Zhi", or "Xiannian and Baosteel Construction", Zhu, "Party History" 2004 12) special needs to point out that, in April 1979, the CPC Central Committee convened a working conference to put forward "adjustment, reform, rectification, improve" "new" "eight-year" Policy (as opposed to the "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" of "the old" in the 1961 Beidaihe Conference)"The" "eight-character" approach). The meeting also gave a special account of the steel industry: iron and steel industry to make the point for light industry, to deal with the internal proportion of the relationship, the focus on improving quality and increase the variety of specifications, and strive to the shortage of steel, ferroalloy to go up, and vigorously improve the technology of smelting and rolling, more refined high-quality steel and alloy steels, Actively improve the quality of steel and self-sufficiency rate to meet the needs of economic construction. The expansion of autonomy space, the quality of the filling, is also the beginning of Baosteel's construction of the mission and development of the guidelines, but also the ultimate strength of one of the factors. The eighties or nineties of the 20th century, China's iron and steel industry officially into the development period, the rapid development momentum, production gradually ranked in the forefront of the world, such as the 1996 China's steel production broke billion tons, 2003 reached 200 million tons, the amount of breakthrough is and the state for the masses of steel mills policy inseparable, such as January 1985, Metallurgical Minister meetings to study the mining problems, determined to concentrate on the development and smelting of large ore, the implementation of large ore open, small mine liberalization policy. Small mine development has also become the theme of this period, such as Hebei province, Tangshan mass mining sites to more than 200, annual mining more than 400,000 tons of ore, has been completed 27 concentrator, processing capacity of 3.2 million tons/year, iron powder production capacity of 850,000 tons/year. These policies for the future of China's iron and steel market capacity of serious surplus buried hidden dangers. However, it is worth mentioning that this stage of the production of steel, the state in the steel industry introduced the standardization, environmental protection, innovation and other ideas, technical research has made good achievements, and strengthened the foreign cooperation projects. Especially in 1987, the country decided in some large and medium-sized enterprises in the overall promotion of the responsibility contract, the extension of the contract is once again greatly released the enthusiasm for production, the further expansion of autonomy also makes the production capacity of steel mills expanded. On the other hand, the market-oriented means also forced some inefficient management, research and development capabilities, equipment backward enterprises out of the market, the state also shut down a group of backward steel enterprises. But blind investment and other reasons make China's steel production capacity is constantly surplus, overcapacity has become the new century China's steel industry, the shackles of development. January 15, 2001, Commission issued "on the issuance of the 2001 iron and steel total control objectives and implementation points of the notice" (National Economic and trade operation [2001]46), to determine the 2001 iron and steel industry total control target of 115 million tons of steel production, steel production 105 million tons. This is the first time in China in the form of documents issued on the iron and steel industry, the total amount of regulatory documents. To accomplish this task, the notice also sets out 6 policies to achieve the cap-and-trade target, sixth of which is support for encouraging the transfer of steel to other industries or industries. In June 7, 2007, SASAC issued the "Central Enterprise investment supervision and management interim measures" (Sasac decree 16th), to the state-owned investment scale of the non-main enterprises to make the requirements of the enterprise's non-main investment should be within the reasonable scope of development planning. and the SASAC issuedAims to further standardize the central enterprise Investment Management, effectively evade the investment risk of the state-owned enterprises, for other industries due to the involvement of the steel companies have not involved the negative impact, and also on what is reasonable scope does not make a clear explanation or regulation. Overcapacity, the State regulation, the steel enterprises in the non-main investment impact, the State has taken into account the corresponding provisions, but vague words, positioning is not allowed, the goal is not clear, has not straightened out the development of steel enterprises thinking, the development of a big strategy. Such regulatory thinking has almost become a representative regulatory thinking model for the steel industry since 21st century. Piecemeal. Therefore, the development of China's steel today, the whole industry into the plight of the bleak situation, the state is to bear a great responsibility. Although at this time the state of the steel industry to take some guidance measures, such as 2005, the State Council promulgated the "Iron and steel industry development Policy", 2009, the State Council issued the "Steel industry adjustment and revitalization plan." But China's steel industry in the past few decades of development, has a deep foundation, to lower capacity is more difficult. and pay attention to project investment, solve employment, maintain stability and so on, make the reduction of capacity production becomes a kind of difficult task, fall into the vicious circle of difficulty. Moreover, many political tasks, such as the performance of factors, will not make steel enterprises in the whole industry to stop the production of large losses in the footsteps. The factors of national ideological orientation and policy, the impact of a country's industry is crucial, from the beginning of the founding, China's steel has gone through 60 years of journey, the heavy footsteps of the heart is always hurt the liver lament, faltering figure has never indicated that China is a steel power, not even a big steel, Eating to eat to survive is not a happy thing, the food is more and what is the use? From the perspective of national policy, the history of China's iron and steel development, hoping to find out the right way to rely on policy development, perhaps in the macro perspective, we may be more accurate to grasp the industry than the country, so also in the development of their own road, and strive to avoid a few detours. (representing personal opinion only)