China's transmutation leads to the spread of labor shortage

The Pearl River Delta lacks the work, the Yangtze River Delta lacks the work, Sichuan, Anhui, Henan and so on Labor output big Province also shout for lack of work ... Spring Festival just after, from the southeast coast to the Chinese and western inland, "migrant workers shortage" seems to be spreading, "labor shortage" has become the world's first large population of the new problem.　　"Tide" scour the imprint is also clearly visible, "migrant workers shortage" in the twinkling of an eye to attack, in this scene changes behind, vaguely highlighted is the Chinese economy of the four Change Bureau. Labor Change Bureau China's economy must pass "on the surface, the economic recovery, order rebound is the trigger for the recruitment difficult, but the underlying reason is that the era of cheap labor is gone.　　"Guangdong Provincial Government Development Research Center Director of macro-Tan Bingcai that, and labor intensity is not proportional to the low wages, migrant workers more and more unattractive, is leading to" recruitment difficult "the most direct reason. This kind of argument, also obtains many enterprise operator's approval. Dongguan Foreign Furniture company CEO Lolangui Blunt, most enterprises can not keep people, is because too dig: "If the salary is considerable, work, living environment and good, how could employees go?"　　"Dongguan Changan time Power electronics factory human resources Manager Liang also think, now the so-called" labor shortage ", in fact, is not really no one is available, but because you are not attractive enough, others do not come. Professor Lin, deputy director of the Hong Kong, Macao and Pearl River Delta Research Center at Sun Yat-sen University, also explicitly agreed with the above view in an interview with the Yangcheng Evening News: "20 years ago, the north and south of the south-east coast of the Gold Rush, a monthly income of 800 yuan, 1000 yuan really The income growth of many enterprises ' peasant workers is far behind the price increase, and it is rational choice to abandon the work of low wages. "In Lin's view, under the market economy, enterprises cannot recruit people, first of all, should reflect on their own, is not your labor relations is not harmonious?" Are you offering benefits that are not competitive with other regions or businesses?　　In many places, the SME employment gap than large enterprises, workers turnover rate is also greater, this is because SMEs do not pay attention to the human resources relationship of training, use on the recruit, do not cut. In Lin and other scholars, labor shortage is becoming increasingly a reflection of the deep changes in labor relations.　　From the peasant workers out of the rural passive acceptance of the enterprise one-way selection, to now start to pick work, see treatment, the emergence of this change in China's economic development process will inevitably encounter a gateway, but also a progress.　　The rise of the new generation of migrant workers and the "shortage of migrant workers" around the section of the information flying, is the east and West everywhere "rob workers" hot smell. Reporters to the Pearl River Delta found that many enterprises directly proposed in the original salary increase 10%-20%, some enterprises will recruit the age limit to nearly 50 years of age, education is not mentioned, can work; If the old employees bring new employees, the rewards from each 100 yuan to 300 yuan; even companies send cars directly to the station.　　People. " A Shenzhen entrepreneur after trying to "Rob people" trick, sigh repeatedly, most let him puzzled is that the past to raise wages orMore than a few extra overtime can be temporarily drawn to a lot of people, now basically ineffective.　　The increase in labor shortages, to a large extent, is precisely due to the business owners of this "puzzled" behind the other changes in the structure of the ——— the evolution of the workforce. The research finds that the peasant workers are now realizing a large-scale substitution, and the peasant workers have accounted for about six or seven of the total number of peasant workers. The new generation of migrant workers in the value of their father generation has undergone great changes, the most prominent manifestation of which is that the new generation of migrant workers have a clear sense of rights, a little bit more difficult to impress the wages of their hearts, the work environment is poor then choose to leave, no development space immediately AU.　　A survey by the University of Guangzhou shows that 80% to 90% of the older generation of migrant workers send their income back home, while 65% to 70% of the new generation of migrant workers will be used for their own food and clothing live.　　The new generation of migrant workers are no longer willing to return to the countryside, but more hope to integrate into the city, but the reality is that, like the Father generation, they still live in the urban and rural scissors, they need the old-age, housing, children's education, medical care and so can not be equal treatment. Some scholars point out that "the shortage of migrant workers" is also a shortage of migrant workers ' rights. Simply relying on raising wages is not enough to solve the problem of "migrant workers shortage", and for the new generation of migrant workers, whether the public treatment, directly determine the city's sense of belonging. In other words, the future flow of Labour will largely no longer depend on a temporary rise in wages, but on what kind of admission conditions the city offers to migrant workers.　　As a result, this year's central document proposes to "focus on the problem of the new generation of migrant workers", a reference that is unprecedented. Supply and demand change the "Lewis inflection point" show "treatment is not good, do not happy, job-hopping!"　　"In Shenzhen, an electronics factory work of the Chen Paiwen, from the second half of last year began basic every month in the change of work," anyway, the job is more than the first half of last year is a person to work, now is the job to ask! " Xiao Chen's work is easy to find, and economists see it as another change in China's economy ——— the state of unlimited supply of labour has changed, the labour force has shifted from surplus to relative shortages, and the supply of labour has emerged as a "Lewis inflection point". The so-called "Lewis inflection point" refers to the general existence of urban-rural dual economic structure in developing countries, surplus rural labor in a period of time to the non-agricultural industry gradually transferred, before the inflection point is the people to work, not to raise wages will also have a steady stream of labor; After the inflection point, it is to ask for help, do not improve working conditions, improve wages and benefits, You can't find the right staff.　　Once this inflection point has been developed, the economic model that relies on cheap labour will have to change. Cai, director of the Institute of Population and Labor economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, predicts that the proportion of our working-age population to the total population has declined since 2010 and has declined significantly since 2022. And since the reform and opening-up, the unlimited supply of labor is China's typical characteristics, quantity, quality and pricehas obvious advantages, and as the labour force fades away, the Chinese economy will have to seek a turn. From that perspective, "labor shortages" are forcing enterprises, some labor-intensive enterprises must be to the land and labor prices cheaper inland transfer, some companies because of the inability to withstand the increase in labor costs to close the door, while another part of the industry to seek upgrading, to the capital and technology-intensive industries advanced.　　In Dongguan, the financial crisis after the baptism of such a trajectory has emerged, a specialized in the traditional processing and manufacturing enterprises to automate the upgrade of High-tech companies told reporters that last year, the initiative to seek technical support, the transformation and upgrading of enterprises to increase twice times. Economic change in inland provinces to accelerate the development of "migrant workers shortage" in general, as a regional economy in the economic restructuring of the discomfort symptoms.　　The interpretation of Zhou, vice president of China's SME Association, has recently been widely acknowledged. Many experts said that in addition to the nature of economic recovery, in recent years, the economic gap between the Midwest and the eastern coastal region caused by the changes in regional economic structure, but also prompted the eastern and southern coastal labor shortage phenomenon.　　and the acceleration of development in the Midwest has also put forward an unusually strong demand for employment. The latest statistics show that the central and western regions already have Henan, Hunan, Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui and other 5 provinces into the GDP "trillion club", accounting for the national "trillion club" total number of members of nearly 36%, and these provinces, are the former labor force output big province.　　In Anhui Province, which had just entered the "trillion club" of GDP last year, the 2009 industrialization rate jumped from 39.3% in 2008 to around 45%, meaning its demand for workers doubled. Last year, the State Council approved 11 regional revitalization plans, such as the Pearl River Delta region, the West Coast economic zone, Jiangsu coastal area, the rise of the central region, the Yellow River delta efficient eco-economic zone and Hainan International Tourism Island, which were almost the sum of the previous 4 years.　　At present, the National Development and Reform Commission is currently working on the development of the Yangtze River Delta region planning, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area planning and development planning of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone, the coordinated development of regional economy has become an important point, the adjustment of regional economic industrial structure and industry reshuffle will be accelerated in a series of　　All these regional economic start and development, will further expand the employment demand.　　Shortage of workers across the country in the Pearl River Delta after the Pearl River Delta labor shortage of about 2 million-3 million, of which Dongguan lack of work 1 million, Shenzhen, 900,000.　　The Yangtze River Delta after the Spring Festival employment gap of 800,000, Su, tin, often and other cities lack of work situation is also frequent media, Shanghai catering industry only the shortage of the nearest 100,000.　　The central region "labor shortage" has spread to Fuyang, Anhui Province, such as the source of migrant workers, and increasingly serious;　　The western region of Chongqing lacks the electronics, food, clothing and other manufacturing technology workers, the gap of about 150,000-200,000 people. Employment gap near 100 in northern ShandongMillion, and a short time can not be alleviated. Official interpretation of the current, a very big problem in the countryside is that when the peasants go out, they can neither settle in the city nor return to the countryside.　　such as the new generation of migrant workers, from the system to psychological to concrete measures, we have not been ready to accept. ——— deputy leader of central rural work group, director of Office, Chen (Wujiang, Qiang)