Cloud Application Analysis: Smart grid and cloud computing

"Li Deii" Professor in the "uncertainty of artificial Intelligence," a book, trying to explain the nature of cloud computing, according to his theory, he built a mathematical model of natural language using the "cloud generator" to describe the model is based on the physics of the "entropy" theory and "entropy" of "entropy", that is, "super entropy" theory, This mapping process is reversible. Based on this mapping process, Professor Li presents a new epistemology, which expands the knowledge of nature and humanities in a mathematical way, and describes the uncertainty of natural environment and human environment relatively accurately.

Professor Li's argument is based mainly on the description of uncertainty, because the past a single statistical or fuzzy theory to deal with complex natural and humanistic environment has actually become more and more struggling, and today's increase in computing power, the emergence of a more accurate, more widely used computational models. But the meaning of "cloud computing" goes beyond this category.

"The wind is uncertain, the clouds are impermanent." "The nature of the cloud is not just a form of change, the thickness of each component is different, and from a dynamic point of view, the biggest feature of the cloud is the change of shape, and each form itself may be relatively stable existence, but this stability and time may be broken." This kind of law is actually the natural world everywhere existence objective law. Dynamic is ubiquitous, but dynamic contains relative constancy, with the Chinese theory of Yin and yang, the dynamic is "yang", the relative stability is "yin", the individual's different characteristics are "yang", can be traced to the law is "Yin", the two objective balance, harmony and unity, one and two, two and one, and the most wonderful is, Yin and Yang can be continuously converted to each other, the cathode is the moment of the yang, the anode is the moment of the yin, cathode and anode are not the most unstable state of the last.

The "entropy" theory is a mathematical measure of the system equilibrium in thermodynamics. Balance and stability are two different concepts, stability may contain multiple meanings, stability is a relative static point, but when the disturbance occurs, the stable state may be broken, may tend to instability, may continue to return to stability, or to achieve random stability , and balance is simply a steady state that can inhibit the amount of interference. From this point of view, "Entropy" theory is more concerned about the degree of system chaos, or from the "negative entropy" point of view, order degree of description, and therefore more emphasis on the equilibrium state of the physical expression.

But in a small town in the United States, a journal published a paper by Gibbs, which mentions "the concept of chemical potentials." The maximum breakthrough of Gibbs formula is not only the direct expression of the mathematical relationship between entropy and free energy, but more importantly, the application of entropy can be extended to other fields. For any hybrid chemical system, we can calculate its "entropy" value, which is the chaos value. This method is the main theoretical basis for calculating the granularity of cloud droplets.

Since then, the application of "entropy" theory in the thermodynamic sense has broken through the category of thermodynamics, "the greatest contribution of entropy theory lies in the description of the system chaos, from its argument, that the system chaos if the exclusion of external interference, is bound to gradually increase the direction of chaos, eventually become pollution, The process of moving from chaos to order is not reversible, just as people are sick, but if they do not take medicine or treatment and the immune system does not work, it is impossible to recover automatically.

This view has been extended to the field of sociology, information science, but whether it is universal, such as in the field of electrical system is equally applicable, but also need in-depth study.

The concept of "cloud computing" is not only to solve the accurate description of the objective state, but also to describe the dynamic and stable transformation process, and hold the objective law implied in the process of change.

It can be said that the concept of "cloud computing" to meet the background of the era of great change.

The world before the cloud, it is a world of diversity and unification, Descartes ' epistemology, which solves the methodology of the static world, and the world after "cloud" will be a changing world in dynamic and stability, and the real time state of the system can be solved by real time model However, it is difficult to understand This applied science is in front of the basic theory. With the rapid development of computer technology and the increasing of Ethernet communication capability, network computing becomes possible, computing will not only limit a single center, but will be spread over the network, so that the speed is geometrically improved. Network computing is distributed across different corners, each point has its own different computing capabilities and categories, forming a different "granularity", so as to integrate into a "cloud" network, more high-speed real-time computing capacity, so that grasp the simple system of each component of the small in each moment of the state changes become possible.

From this perspective, the application of "cloud computing" to grasp the details of the system is not difficult, as long as the applied science is sufficient to achieve, but the "cloud computing" this new tool for the details of the real-time grasp of the system will inevitably lead to the further development of the basic theory, since we have been able to Then we can start from a simple system, grasp the system from the dynamic to the relative stability of the law of change?

The world is looking forward to a new theory, can describe the stability of the system, how the system is relatively stable, the system is currently in what degree of stability, the next moment, it will change to what state? This theory must bring about the rapid progress of the natural world and human society.

Today, there may be countless scientists studying the subject. Whether someone has already put forward a theory of feasibility, the answer to this question is not important.

Now that the applied science is already in the front, why not go on, the inductive method may seem powerless to the modern society, which is full of complex systems, but now that we are trying to grasp a universally applicable theory, we can return to the classical inductive method, What we need to do now is to use the "cloud computing" tool to describe the performance of all kinds of systems more accurately, and then delve into the objective rules hidden in it.

"Smart grid" and "cloud computing"

is being widely used in all areas of society, and the "IBM" Company is now working with various fields to begin this great work. In the field of power grid, the structure state and stability of the network may be very important to the development of "cloud" theory, however, to realize this kind of cooperation, it encounters some obstacles in reality.

Technical Barriers

The difference between the "electric" system and the natural system lies in the change of its state and its rapidity, the propagation speed of the current is theoretically close to the speed of light, the different particle size of the electric distribution, the effect of the system parameters is also very strong, Conventional load forecasting and stability theory are all in a fragmented time period for the state of the change of the law to make inaccurate advance prediction, and simply can not achieve, real-time requirements. "Cloud computing" if want to perfect application in which, but must depend on the system components of the state of the accurate sampling, the application of PMU to a large extent to ease the contradiction, but the tracking of system parameter changes need the further development of sensor technology.

Political obstruction

The current application of "cloud computing" in commercial society is the banner of "openness" and "commercialization", which is incompatible with the characteristics of the grid itself. The stability and security of the power grid must be related to the security and stability of the country, so it always has a strong political color.

At present, China's "cloud computing" in the application of science does not grasp the key technology, if the use of "cloud computing", it means to involve political sensitivity. This concern makes the concept of China's smart grid basic to "cloud computing" avoided. However, in fact, to talk about "intelligence", how can we bypass the "cloud theory"? So unless you really want to wait for the "genius" to come out and solve the big leap in theory. Unfortunately, no genius is standing on the shoulders of giants, and no reliable theory is built on rigorous experimental data.

Truth must be based on visible facts, not esoteric rhetoric.

Aside from the inherent gap between smart grids and cloud computing, the application of cloud computing in power systems must be in the form of "private cloud" or "proprietary cloud", and may be called "Power clouds".

Dispatch system

From the point of view of every aspect of power system, the most research condition is the cloud application in dispatch system. The power dispatching system has established a perfect topological structure for many years, mature computing model, the emergence of cloud theory is the mode of operation of the upgrade and update, although no "power cloud", but in many smart grid research and practical operation, "cloud" mode is more and more widely used.

The past topology and computational models can not adapt to the new environment, the use of PMU led to a large number of data on the delivery, high-speed refresh rate, making the whole system more plump, more vivid, people naturally from the focus on "data" to become concerned about the "picture." If the ability to compute and process is sufficient, it is not just a dream to get a dynamic picture.

New technologies bring about changes in management patterns, the previous central centralized single computation is too dependent on the ability of central processing, while the secondary nodes on the network occupy too much idle resources, but not real-time use, computing must be distributed to the network, and this dispersion is not just a place to move, This requires the reconstruction and redistribution of the calculation strategy.

We are delighted to see that many regions are trying to decentralize the original functions to the plant station, this is not simply to put the function of the dispatch end to the plant station to achieve, but to transform the plant station in the past a single decision model, to the scheduling side of the demand as a strategy of a dimension, to make comprehensive judgments, Instead, the information that needs to interact with the schedule is changed to the feedback of the policy implementation. This change is closer to the actual situation at the plant station, and more accurate and reasonable. For the dispatch end, the reduction of load and the reconstruction of the strategy make the original integrated large module can easily decompose into various modules, even run on different servers, through the network interaction, the new system such as the fun of the high building block world, can easily be based on user needs to regroup.

Power system

The most promising development is electricity system

The power system is the direct bridge between the network and the terminal customers, therefore, the development of the electric power system is most directly influenced by the technology of computer and Ethernet.

Simply in the electricity market, its pay model must first of all, the first to adopt the "cloud computing" business model, the use of the Pay-as-you-go model has become a trend. And for the power management system, for different power load real-time adjustment of electricity prices, so as to provide a more reasonable billing standards, this will be a rapid application abroad, and in China, due to the common people use different habits, may encounter some resistance.

The widespread use of electric vehicles and their impact on the grid may push the power system to a more real-time, flexible direction, and the "cloud" model of power systems will be unstoppable.

And the research of intelligent community or micro-grid will provide very valuable test data. Any complete and stable system, such as an independent ecosystem, although overall, the overall performance of the system changes slowly, heredity accounted for the main body, the mutation is only a small probability event, however, from the partial view, each part is in the constant dynamic changes, the overall variation is determined by the details of the change in part, The cloud theory provides an accurate description of the subtle changes in the part. If we use the theoretical model of the past, focus on some of the details, but not real-time research changes, then this small system will be difficult to achieve dynamic balance, I do not know whether this research will go into a dead end. The new system is bound to be based on the "cloud" model.

Power generation System

The transformation of power generation systems in China and abroad presents a dual-day ice fire, foreign countries seem to have overcome the difficult to control the impact of wind power on the grid, according to the relevant literature, Germany's wind power has not been built on land, the government has to go to sea to find a wind power station, as for Denmark, more than 50% of the load is provided by wind power.

Although some scientists have raised questions, there is no conclusive evidence that climate anomalies today are related to wind power or solar power. The atmospheric system is a complete whole, is not a country or region of scientific research institutions can complete research, which may also explain why foreign scholars pay more attention to the concept of "intelligent earth" rather than "smart grid."

I can not prove that foreign power systems adopt a "cloud" model to solve the rapidly changing load problem, but "cloud" mode can at least provide a solution to the problem.

Power Transformer System

The hardest development will be in the field of power transformation.

In the last 20 years, there has been a huge change in the field of power transformation in China, in the past 20 years, the country in the field of electricity in the transformation of how much money spent on automation, the data may be difficult to accurately study, but from the birth of a group of automated equipment manufacturers can judge the value of national investment. Perhaps China has a long way to go in the manufacturing capacity of a device, but in the field of automation, Chinese manufacturers have formed their own style.

However, in the last few years, the automatic transformation has faced a dilemma. The comprehensive automation transformation has formed the Chinese characteristic protection and the measure and control installment, this is adapts the Chinese type electric power system operation and the management pattern, this kind of equipment has the excellent Man-machine interface, the flexible setting ability, these characteristics are not having or is not good at the foreign equipment.

However, it also brings another problem, equipment production standards confusion, equipment, a variety of mixed, a wide range of compatibility between each other, communication protocol protocols complex, maintenance and upgrade costs expensive. The implementation of the IEC61850 series of standards is, to a certain extent, aimed at virtualizing the equipment in the power system and paving the way for functional re construction. But the "One World, one standard" advocated by the standard was quickly favored by Chinese academics. It is really a difficult thing to understand. Is the change that it brings is not a complete makeover? Is it simply an escalation and unification of communication protocols?

There is no doubt that it will take a lot of drive to pull down the current automation equipment that does not seem to fall behind, but if the device is retained, its small computational power is clearly not compatible with the power of the current substation network. For the current operation of the substation, in the current view, the best solution seems to be the first network and the transformation of the model, until a few years later to upgrade the equipment.

The "cloud" mode requires running data that can only be obtained in relatively small systems, such as building "smart substations". And to achieve this, it is also not easy, it requires Chinese equipment manufacturers eyes can not just stare at the cake in the bowl, but to see the long-term, research more flexible, computational power more powerful smart devices.

Conclusion

Change has come, and it has deep into our lives. Unconsciously, we are already in the "cloud". "Smart grid" can be in the "cloud"?