Comparison of Open data in the Global cultural field

In recent years, the United States, the Netherlands, Britain, Germany, Poland's museums, archives, libraries and other cultural institutions have joined the Open Data Army. These institutions have launched an open data strategy based mainly on three major objectives: first, through Open data, especially the two-dimensional images of related works, mining the potential value of cultural works; Secondly, through the Open Data strategy, the paper studies the role and influence of digitalization on art history. Third, through teachers, students, youth, Artists and all interested groups participate in the Open data reuse, promote cultural innovation and promote cultural dissemination.

Comparative study on Open data strategy of cultural institutions

Museum

Los Angeles County Museum of Art

After careful study and assessment of three major risks, the Los Angeles County Gallery has implemented an open data strategy that includes the risk of image data being used without the approval of the museum, and the risk of information technology, especially the file format; third, the cost risk of updating information systems.

The museum is free to open data for all educational and commercial purposes and has no restrictions on the reuse of all image data, requiring users to mark data sources only when they are recycled. In the early days, however, the "protected content" image data was not included in the Open data strategy and could only be used for people and non-commercial use.

At present, the museum has about 20,000 high-resolution image information available on the official website.

National Gallery of England

The National Gallery of England has opened 20,000 images on its website, NGA images, for free reuse by the public. Users do not need to register to download 1200 pixel image data, or registered account to download up to 3000 pixels of high-definition image data, and the museum also plans to cancel the need to register accounts to download the HD image restrictions.

Six months after the NGA images website was online, the public downloaded 104,000 images.

Getty Museum

The Getty Museum launched its "Open content" project in August 2013 to promote the opening of its collections. In October 2013, 5,400 of the Special collections of the Institute and the collection of 4,600 cover museums were included in the open content project. The museum also plans to continue to expand its open data content in the future. All image data opened by the museum are in HD format and embedded metadata, file format is JPEG, image quality can be directly used in various publications.

There are no restrictions on the reuse or modification of works by the museum, however, there are several requirements: users need to register some of the information before downloading, including as the end-user identity and use of information, such as the museum to confirm this information to help them improve the Open data strategy; users are annotated with the file source as follows: " Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open content program (digital images are provided by the Getty Open-source Project); Users must ensure that, for commercial purposes, the Getty Museum's involvement in the business is not confused.

Images that are not included in the "Open content" project but which meet the following conditions are also open to the public: museums allow for free downloading of image materials for personal, non-commercial use, and all or free images of the museum for a variety of purposes. Otherwise, the public will have to pay a certain fee to use, such as art galleries for the use of the low definition of the picture free of charge, while the HD picture for a fee of 15 dollars.

Within two months of the launch of the Open content project, downloads reached 100,000 times, and the number of museums visited increased from the initial daily average of 200 to 20,000.

National Museum of Holland

The Dutch National Museum provides a low-resolution image link on its official website, but it is not available for commercial use and is subject to application permission.

October 2012, the museum set up a new website Rijksstudio, free to open up 125,000 image data, picture format for JPEG, the average resolution of up to 4500*4500. The museum also provides professional users with high-definition images in TIFF format. Users should only mark the words "National Museum, Amsterdam" when publishing pictures.

Since the implementation of the Open Data strategy, the number of museum visitors has increased by 80%, and the economic impact on Amsterdam is expected to reach 235 million euros.

Archives

The British, Australian and German archives have launched an Open data strategy pilot. Among them, the German Federal archives is the most reference example.

In 2008, the German Federal Archives established a partnership with the German Wikimedia media to put thousands of photos of German history on Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) for free use by the public.

The German Federal archives also open low-resolution images under the cc-by-sa3.0 agreement, and high-resolution images are provided via the Bundesarchives website.

Library

German Digital Library

The German digital library provides free and free reuse of all cultural meta data through APIs (application programming interfaces).

The library's metadata is open to the relevant provisions of the public Domain contribution proclamation (CC0). By opening all metadata, libraries can effectively promote data innovation, including the development of API applications.

National Library of Poland

The Polish National Library is open to a partial collection. All open works, users can download XML or RDF format. If you need to download the JPEG format, users need to create an account on their official website. Users can also evaluate related works on social networks.

British Library

The British Library has opened public data and content based on public domain contribution announcements (CC0). The library chooses to open million works to the public free of charge under the framework of the "Cultural Cloud" project.

The role and impact of open data strategy

The Open Data strategy not only facilitates the public, but also plays a positive role in creating added value for cultural institutions.

Innovation Profit Model

Some cultural institutions offer a wide range of fee-based services in Open Data projects, creating added value. such as the cover of the museum to provide users with image data color, picture format, customized photography and other value-added services, the teacher users charge 15 of dollars in service charges, to other users charge 50 of dollars in service charges.

Accompany young artists to grow

Most cultural institutions provide young artists with an online art experience and creative space to accompany the artist's growth.

Promoting cultural transmission

On blogs created by the Polish National Library, the public can recreate the work on a variety of themes, and the works can be downloaded by individuals and shared on social networks. The Dutch National Museum also invites the public to create works that can be published on its studio website.

French Ministry of Culture Open Data report

Compiling: Center for international Economic and Technical cooperation, Ministry of Industry and Information technology Zhang Jing

(Responsible editor: Mengyishan)