Counter-Crisis of agricultural guarantee: four points of food security in the new period

On the subject of food, we should correctly deal with the relationship between short and long term, total quantity and structure, self sufficiency and entrance, and establish a new stage of food security in the double test of the impact of the international financial crisis and the catastrophic drought and other natural disasters, China's agricultural and rural economic development in the 2009 still handed over a gratifying answer. The total output of grain in the 3 years 1 trillion kg high base, to overcome the rare drought and pests and other adverse effects, to achieve 6 consecutive years of production increase. According to the Ministry of Agriculture Agricultural schedule, the annual grain production will be another record high, grain sown area increased, is in recent years the largest expansion of the year.　　The comprehensive quality rate of the four major grain varieties reached 70.4%, compared with the previous year's Progress 5.6%. "Food basket" is also abundant, the animal husbandry production is stable, the supply of live pigs is steady, the milk industry overall production situation gradually warms up, the fresh milk purchase station cleans up the reorganization process to quicken.　　The main production of agricultural products to maintain a stable development situation, the market price is relatively stable. The employment situation of migrant workers improved and the income of farmers increased better than expected.　　Since 2009, with the stimulus of the country's large-scale increase in investment and the expansion of domestic demand policy, the migrant workers have been steadily recovering from the increase of investment in infrastructure and major projects in the centre and elsewhere. Under the action of the National macro-control policy, the market price of the main grain varieties is higher than the previous year, the grain cost is basically stable, and the farmers ' grain yield is steady.　　The Ministry of Agriculture's Rural Economic Research Center predicts that the annual increase in farmers ' income will be lower than the previous year, but it is still expected to reach 6% growth, significantly better than expected earlier this year.　　The effectiveness of the policy of strong farming and benefiting farmers has obviously benefited from the implementation of the 2009 center to increase investment in agriculture, agricultural support, accelerate rural public welfare undertakings and social undertakings, expand rural consumption, promote rural reform and other policy measures. Since 2009, the state has issued "on the 2009 to promote the steady development of agricultural farmers continued to increase the income of a number of views" and "on the current stability of agricultural development to promote farmers to increase the views", and further strengthen the policy of agriculture and benefiting, and put in place some new policy measures. First of all, the budget for fixed assets investment in agricultural rural areas of general progress. In 2009, the proportion of agricultural and rural fixed assets investment in the budget of each county was improved from 6.8% and 7.3% of the previous year to 14.2% and 14.6% respectively. Second, the use of national debt funds to the rural tilt, national debt funds used in rural areas of 58.1%, compared with the progress of the year 6.4%, but the proportion of Treasury funds used in agriculture from 28.2% to 17.3%.　　In addition, various agricultural subsidies have increased substantially, and the range of variety subsidy has been enlarged, and the subsidy to the professional and family farms is gradually increasing.　　The development of agriculture, rural economy and rural stability have laid a solid foundation for economic and social development, and have played an important role in coping with the financial crisis. But for 2010, maintaining a good agricultural and rural economyThe momentum of the show is growing harder. At first, the uncertain factors that influence the steady development of agriculture and the increasing farmers ' income increase gradually, and the marginal stimulating effect of the policy of strong farming and benefit is decreasing, it is more and more difficult to keep the rapid development of agriculture and rural economy in the early high cardinal level.　　Secondly, from the internal and external environment, it is in the important period of overall urban and rural development, the task of co-ordinating regional development is arduous and the international trade environment is still serious.　　Four points of food security in the new period although China's grain supply and demand is basically balanced, the grain self-sufficiency rate has remained above 95% for 10 consecutive years, and the grain reserve is much higher than the food security cordon, but with the industrialization and urbanization process speeding up, the grain production will face the new challenge brought by the resource restraint and For food security, "we cannot be complacent and must remain sober and familiar with the long-term food security."　　At any time can not be said to solve the problem of food, summed up the history of food security experience and lessons, on the current we do a good job of food security has an important enlightenment, the State Council Development Research Center, Deputy Minister of Rural Affairs xiaoqing in an interview with The economist said. First, China's food problems are long-term. The issue of food security is not temporary, and current security does not represent long-term security. The population of China is expected to increase to 1.45 billion by 2020 and the peak of about 1.5 billion in 2033, according to the requirements of the medium and long term National food security Planning Framework (2008-2020), the 2020 per capita grain consumption is no less than 395 kg, There is also a need to increase production by 93 million tonnes of food to reach 593 million tonnes of food, while in the meantime arable land will continue to be reduced, water shortages and growing agricultural land pollution may constrain food production;　　Therefore, in the hands of the current situation of food, but also to prepare for the rainy day. "But in the past, traditional food security issues, characterized by absolute shortages and deprivation, have changed substantially, now more food security problems in the food market fluctuations in the impact of the low income population, food quality and safety and other new topics," The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Rural Development Research Institute Li Guoxiang researcher pointed out, "food supply, not the more the better. Oversupply, is bound to lead to a fall in prices, undercut. On the issue of grain, we should correctly deal with the relationship between the short term and the long term, total quantity and structure, self-sufficiency and entrance, and establish a new stage of food security. Second, full respect and play to the enthusiasm of farmers. This is a necessary condition for achieving food security. Historically, the decline in grain production has been a profound lesson because of the frustration of farmers ' enthusiasm for planting grain. For example, in the early 80, the implementation of rural household contract responsibility, grain for several years of continuous harvest.　　However, after 1983 and 1984 of food prices depressed, farmers ' enthusiasm for seed grain was greatly affected, which directly led to the 1985 grain yield reduction of 28 billion kg. Again, China's food problems must be based on the domestic. "Based on the domestic, this is also the practice of the countries of the world," Xiaoqing said, "Now the community has aMisleading, thinking that Japan's self-sufficiency rate is 40%, and that we do not need to maintain a 95% self-sufficiency rate. "Japan's self-sufficiency rate refers to the proportion of calorific value, refers to the calorific value of the national supply, 40% is self-sufficient." In fact, Japan's food self-sufficiency rate is less than 30%, but Japan's main rations rice is 105% self-sufficiency, "Xiaoqing said," On these topics can not be specious. "Theoretically, if there is a shortfall in food supply in China, it can be settled by trade, but in practice, The World Food market has a total supply of 236 million tonnes a year, and China consumes 490 million tons of grain each year, only rice will need 180 million tons, that is, if China relies on imported food to live, such a large amount of trade will not only lead to soaring food prices, more importantly, the international market of food trade can not meet demand. Xiaoqing said, "1.3 billion of the population of large countries, if the food problem, no country can save." At the same time, the establishment of food dynamic "tight balance." According to the National Development and Reform Commission statistics, China's National reserve reserves to reach a higher level, the grain storehouse to 35%, far higher than the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization identified 17%~18% of the security cordon.　　China's existing 150 million ~20000 million tons of grain reserves, inventory level is 1 time times higher than the world level. "Judging from this food crisis, we begin to reflect on where the food security cordon is safe." At present, there is no conclusive ", Li Guoxiang pointed out that, from our national conditions and economic and social development requirements, food" tight balance "is the reality of choice," Why is ' tight balance ', balance more than more secure? " However, grain production is a kind of industry with strong resource dependence, the number of farmland and water resources in China is limited, the resource load is heavier, it is very difficult to realize the basic self-sufficiency of grain, and "too much reserves, resulting in the pressure of financial funds."　　"" Tight balance helps the state to regulate, to achieve market stability and to ensure enthusiasm, but this is the ideal state, is our control to achieve the goal, but not easy to achieve, "Li Guoxiang pointed out. "Food stocks should also be a dynamic balance, let the Treasury's food Move Up," Li Guoxiang suggested, "to explore new mechanisms, such as the processing enterprises also save a little." "From the perspective of food acquisition, on the one hand, we can encourage more enterprises to participate in grain acquisition, in order to ensure the full competition in the grain market, to solve many farmers selling grain and one enterprise monopoly market position is not right, on the other hand, to the grain acquisition enterprises to achieve market access system." -