Discussion on the reform of endowment insurance system in public institutions

A pilot discussion on the reform of endowment insurance system in public institutions the scholars proposed to establish organs, business, enterprise linkage pension system at the beginning of the year, the State Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the "Public Institutions Endowment Insurance System Reform Program" (hereinafter referred to as the "reform program"), and began in Guangdong, Shanghai, Chongqing, Zhejiang, Shanxi five provinces and cities,　　Aroused widespread concern and hot discussion among the public, especially institutions and intellectuals.　　Recently, the National People's Congress, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Academician, the dean of the Institute of Marxism Enfu in the interview with China Economic Weekly, the State Council and the State Department of Human Resources and security suspended the pilot, and immediately set out "organs, undertakings and enterprises of the three-linked pension system reform program."　　"Old professor" on the line of food and clothing although the wealth of society now emerges, people's quality of life generally improved, but retired more than 10 years of Shenyang Railway Administration School professor Wang Chongji, feel their living standards in the "deteriorating", especially the "psychological gap" feeling more. He told China Economic Weekly that he had not bought anything decent for more than 10 years, and that his home furnishings were vintage furniture from years ago.　　The only luxury in the house is a row of tall bookcases against the wall, which is the "favorite" of his life. More than 1000 yuan a month pension, in addition to the doctor, can only solve his and his wife's food and clothing problems, living a very simple and austere life.　　To buy vegetables, to wait for the evening when the relatively cheap vegetables "to do"; buy clothes, to choose to buy shopping malls deal with special products, go out, regardless of the frail elderly crowded bus. Before retiring, Wang Chongji was the only senior professor who enjoyed the special allowance of the State Council in Shenyang Railway Administration school, and was the top graduate of Philosophy Department of Peking University in the last century cert.　　He presided over the preparation of "Life mysteries new exploration-Life science Introduction", known as "China's first system of Marxism Life Theory Monograph", and won the 1988 Liaoning Province philosophy and social science achievements, was a guiding textbook of some universities. He has taught students throughout the country, training a large number of senior personnel on the railway front, and some of the main leaders of the current Ministry of Railways have been his students.　　At that time, Professor Wang Chongji's salary was high and his family's life was rich and prosperous.　　The fate of the transition took place in 1998, Wang Chongji retired. Prior to 1997, the State Council decided to unify the basic endowment insurance system for employees in the whole country. According to the relevant national policies, the retired teachers of Shenyang Railway Administration Party School should enjoy the teachers ' treatment, but due to various reasons within the railway system, the retired teachers are included in the retirement category of the enterprise employees, and they do not enjoy the real teachers ' treatment.　　As a result, the teacher's treatment with Wang Chongji decades ended. Just retired, Wang Chongji has not felt the obvious difference, more than 1100 yuan per month retirement, and the local party school, ordinary colleges and universities do not have much difference.　　And 10 years later, the aging Wang Chongji found himself dumped far away. Wang Chongji to the Chinese classicsJi Weekly, said that in 2008, he retirement only 1700 yuan a month, while the local party school, ordinary colleges and universities are the same level of personnel retirement reached 3500 yuan and 4300 yuan, about twice times more than his.　　It is understood that the National Railway Administration Party School and hundreds of retired teaching staff than Wang Chongji retirement still lower, they are still in the food and clothing line "struggle." Similarly, Jiangsu province Suzhou more than 20 years more than seven of the state-owned Enterprises retired senior engineer, recently joint to the "China Economic Weekly" editorial department, said that their pensions only local authorities and institutions of the same age, the same level of retirees about half of the "obvious social wealth distribution injustice",　　Governments at all levels are called upon to pay more attention.　　This January, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security announced that the "reform programme" has been officially issued, has been in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Shanxi, Chongqing and other 5 provinces and cities began the pilot.　　It is pointed out that with the pilot and implementation of this "reform", there will be a "Professor" or "senior engineer" hovering over the subsistence line in China.　　Intellectual "most hurt"? It is understood that at this stage, China's endowment insurance system to adopt different urban and rural systems and management mode.　　In towns, enterprises, State organs and institutions respectively implement different endowment insurance system, in rural areas are mainly family endowment. Since the middle of the 80 's, our country has carried on a series of reforms to the basic endowment insurance system of the enterprise, which has entered the fund raising pattern which the country, the enterprise and the individual bear together.　　1993, the Enterprise Basic Endowment Insurance system has carried on the major reform, implements the social integration and the individual account unifies principle. In 1997, the State Council decided to unify the basic endowment insurance system of the enterprise employees nationwide, the proportion of enterprise contribution is generally not more than 20% of the total wages, the proportion of individual contributions to gradually reach my salary 8%.　　By the end of 2008, the national participation in urban basic pension number reached 218.9 million people, the national enterprise retirees per capita basic pension for 1080 yuan per month. And the retirement pension system of institutions and institutions is different from the enterprise, the endowment insurance expenses are borne by the State and the unit.　　After the retirement of civil servants, the wage and seniority wages are paid in full, Shing and grade wages are distributed in proportion, and after retirement, the public institution personnel are given a certain proportion of the sum of two items of wage and post wages. The reform programme shows that the reform is mainly in the following aspects, first, the public institutions and urban enterprises and workers to pay the same overall endowment insurance, that is, the unit pay 20%, employees pay 8%; the second is the pension scheme is also basically consistent, but the reform of the formal implementation of the time for the world, that is, the so-called "old people, new system"　　Third, the public institution pension should gradually implement provincial-level co-ordination; Four is to establish the normal adjustment mechanism of basic pensions; Finally, it establishes the occupational annuity system and forms the second pillar of endowment insurance beyond the basic pension. It is understood that at present, the public institution personnel retirement is according to the retirement salary 80% or 90% receive a pension.　　After the reform, the income of the public institutions after retirement will be greatly reduced. Dai Min, deputy dean of Anhui College of Medicine and Chinese National People's Congress, said: "The national monthly average pension is still only 1080 yuan," indicating that the mean pension is too low, should consider raising the pension of the enterprise retirees, rather than reducing the pension of the public institutions. The correct ' pension system reform ' should be to make the pension of the enterprise to the institution's pension, improve the workers ' living treatment, rather than let the institutions to the enterprise, reduce the workers and intellectuals treatment. "If the pensions of workers and employees of public institutions are leveled and everyone is at a low level, this is definitely not the original intention of reform." "Dai Min said that after 30 years of reform and opening-up in China, not only material enrichment, national strength has also increased," ' pension system reform should reflect the "sharing of the results of reform. Is there a ' reform outcome ' that has improved living standards? "" "UNESCO is a state-owned institutions, mainly professionals, they are the foundation of the country's prosperity, on the job is not much, and when the retirement of a significant reduction in wage standards, who can work at ease? In the end, the result will inevitably lead to a serious loss of talent.　　Dai Min stressed. If colleges and companies have the same pension methods, Dai Min says, it means "a doctor who has read more than 10, 20 years, after a few decades of work in college, the retirement can only receive more than 1000 pensions a month, this is unacceptable, may be in the community to trigger a new wave of" useless,　　Universities will also face serious brain drain. At the same time, the public institution endowment system reform has violated "teachers" suspicion. "Teachers" clearly stipulates that ' teachers ' average wage level should be no less than or higher than the average wage level of civil servants, and gradually improve ', this must be resolutely implemented. Similarly, a teacher's pension should be no less than that of a civil servant. In addition, the local departments of the "30 years of seniority pension 100% salary" also to be implemented.　　Dai Min stressed. The civil servant is "the reference frame of comparison" "After the implementation of sunshine wages, all over the nature of the staff income has lagged far behind the civil service income, the overall income can reach the social average wage line." Dai Min pointed out that, in addition, some state-owned enterprises "enliven" after the wage "soaring", especially the monopoly industry, such as electricity, telecommunications, water, oil, banks and other sectors of the average wage level is "high staggering." "We have been on the average for the rest of our lives, and it is obviously hard to accept that we have retired to a low profile." "It is understood that before the 90 's, the Chinese public institutions and enterprise personnel pension are mainly from the Government's financial expenditure, enterprises and administrative organs, institutions are not much different." In order to get rid of the more and more heavy burden of old-age, the government began to implement the "dual track" of retired workers from the early 90 's, that is, the institutions and institutions still maintain the original financial endowment system, and the pension insurance for enterprises and employees shall be paid in proportion to the pension payments.Reform. "For the civil service, the reform is not expected, it is naturally the reference frame for the comparison of institutions, and the reform designers-the civil service community itself has failed to become the object of reform, so that the public has doubts about the fairness of the reform can be achieved."　　"Dai Min said that the rational reform direction is to establish and improve the urban and rural integrated pension system, and gradually enhance the enterprise staff's pension standards, so that it to the public institutions, and then to the more perfect civil servants on par." "China's civil servants and public institutions personnel, enterprises and workers do not have the essential difference, does not exceed the institutions and enterprises and employees of the moral standards, knowledge and work ability, of course, should not enjoy with enterprises, institutions and workers different treatment."　　"Dai Min thinks. Many experts believe that the reform of the institution's endowment insurance system involves many people, large scope and strong policy, thus triggering a fierce collision of various interest ideas, not surprising. However, due to the long-term existence of the problems related to the design of the system, considerable energy has been accumulated to be released.　　If not properly solved in practice, it is bound to cause confrontation between social groups, even the possibility of intensification of contradictions, should be alert enough and attention.　　Three-tier "two-way Endowment insurance" model in addition, the procedures for the reform programme have been questioned. Public institutions and related units should be consulted in advance to reform the endowment insurance system of public institutions. This programme and its pilot, in strict confidentiality, did not undergo extensive consultation and full demonstration of democratic procedures.　　"Enfu points out. In this respect, Dai Min also said that the reform package from the formulation to the release of the pilot, are not like the health reform program to the community to solicit opinions widely, hastily introduced.　　To the education, health, science and technology, culture, journalism and other fields of professional and technical personnel have caused great concern, or will set off a round of "early retirement tide." Thus, Enfu suggested that this reform pilot should be suspended, immediately formulate "institutions, undertakings and enterprises of the three units of the old-age insurance system reform program", can refer to the "double-decker Endowment Insurance System" model, its basic ideas are as follows: The first layer of system: the establishment of a unified urban employees endowment Insurance system, the implementation of the unified operation of endowment Insurance In the payment, should be in accordance with the principle of social integration and personal accounts, like enterprises for organs, public institutions staff to establish basic endowment insurance personal accounts, in order to connect with the Enterprise Endowment Insurance system.　　Within the unified system, all retirees are guaranteed equal retirement benefits, i.e., the proportion of retirement pensions for the organs, undertakings and business personnel should be the same. Second-tier system: In addition to the unified Urban employees endowment insurance, the establishment of institutions, institutions to supplement the endowment insurance system, so that institutions, institutions of the endowment insurance structure formed two parts, the first part is the basic endowment insurance, is the basis; The second part is supplementary endowment insurance, is to supplement and improve.　　In order to ensure that the institutions of public institutions of the old-age treatment is not reduced, at the same time does not cause in the unified system and enterprise personnel treatment inequality. Enfu said that in the above model, for the organs, public institutions to add a supplementary treatment, is the nature of the treatment of the difference brought about by the scientific development and reform in the "results must be shared" and "welfare to increase" the embodiment of the principle, showing the organs, business and business between the three fairness and justice. "Because of the unification of organs, institutions and enterprises, there is no original treatment difference within the unified system." At the same time, since the reform is only an alternative to the old pension system, it will not increase the existing pressure on fiscal expenditure.　　Enfu stressed. Hu Xiaoyi, Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Sound Protection: the scientific classification of public institutions is the prerequisite for the reform of endowment insurance system the reform of the endowment insurance system of the public institutions is the decision made by the Central Committee and the State Council, which can be found in the relevant documents.　　It is now the pilot of the reform of endowment insurance system in public institutions, which is only carried out in 5 provinces. The reform of public institutions is a comprehensive reform, including personnel system reform, salary system reform, financial investment reform, endowment insurance system reform.　　The classification of public institutions is the prerequisite of the whole reform, now the classification is underway, is also one of the primary tasks of the pilot. Institutions from our past planned economic system continued, but with the development of its categories more and more complex. According to the new classification method, some of the public institutions in fact engaged in executive function, should be counted as civil servants or refer to civil servants to manage, there is a part of the market economy in the independent operation, self-financing, in fact, is the nature of the enterprise.　　The real public institutions are engaged in public welfare services units, of course, here and in accordance with the implementation of public welfare functions of different degrees, can also be divided into small categories. When it comes to the reform of the endowment insurance system in public institutions, there are some misinformation and misunderstandings in this spring, one of which is that the reform is for fiscal Zhangbao; Another view is that reform is a drastic reduction in the level of retirement treatment for institutions ' retirees. Both are misconceptions. No matter the central finance and the local finance, never cut down the arrangement of the public institution input, just say according to the request of the scientific classification of the institution, scientifically adjusts the mechanism of input. Therefore, the financial "Zhangbao" is groundless.　　I think there is no basis for a drastic reduction in the level of the retirees ' treatment. Now, the public institutions of the comrades worry about their pension level as a result of reform and lower, on the other hand, the enterprise retirees also reflect the level of treatment than the institutions of similar staff gap is larger. This gap is narrowing through the country's 5-year continuous adjustment, but the work will continue.　　After 6 years of continuous adjustment, we also need to study the normal adjustment mechanism of pensions of enterprises.　　In short, the reform is to let retirees better enjoy the fruits of social development, but also to reflect the enterprise professional and technical personnel and institutions similar to the gap in the treatment of such a problem gradually eased. (Sinorama reporter Wang Xiaozong according to June 11, vice Minister of human Resources and Social Security Hu Xiaoyi received an interview with the Chinese Government Network collation) digital link National public institutions accounted for 80% of the number of financial support according to statistics show, as of the end of 2005, the national institutions amounted to 1.25 million, involving UNESCO, agriculture and Forestry water, radio and television, press and publication of a number of fields, more than 30.35 million staff, is the civil servant 4.3 times times, accounting for the national financial support of nearly 80%.　　In 1990, the national institutions and institutions retirement total only 5.95 billion yuan, but now far more than hundreds of billions of dollars. The analysis of the relevant people that, in the maintenance of public institutions, with the increase in public institutions retirees, the government's financial burden will be more and more heavy. The state is taking into account the financial pressure factors, first from the largest number of institutions began pilot reform. More bluntly, the reason for this reform is that the state's finances are "overwhelmed".