Divide the social wealth this cake

New direction, 1956 born, Hunan province Xiangtan County people. Currently deputy Inspector of the Hunan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences. Mainly engaged in the study of applied sociology, including urban and rural sociology, population sociology, economic sociology, organizational sociology and contradictions among the people of the study. Presided over a number of national and ministerial-level projects, published monographs 30 Dozen, published more than 240 papers.　　Hunan Province has received outstanding young and middle-aged experts, Hunan province, the first outstanding young social science experts and other honorary titles. Interview Log February 27 Cloudy Hunan Academy of Social Sciences People's book Archive number: no.026 is in the national "two sessions" out of a lot of signals, so that people for the income distribution system has more expectations. Some people have likened the system of income distribution reform to "cake splitting". Premier Wen Jiabao has said that if the "cake" of bigger social wealth is regarded as the responsibility of the government, then the "cake" of social wealth is the conscience of the government.　　Reporters on the people concerned about the issue of the Hunan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences deputy Inspector Direction of the new professor.　　Reporter: Some people say 2010 is the time window of China's income distribution system reform, what do you think of this view?　　New direction: At present, China's income distribution system reform is not only a kind of social development needs, but also an urgent task. In the 2000, China's Gini coefficient (an important analysis index of the difference of income distribution among residents in the world) was 0.412, and since 2006, the coefficient has been maintained above 0.45. Compared with many countries in the world, this indicator is in a higher range and should be highly valued. The Gini coefficient must be reduced to less than 0.4 in order to achieve a well-off goal in 2020.　　In a short span of 10 years to achieve this goal, although it is difficult, but we have started, this is undoubtedly expected.　　Reporter: China to implement the system of income distribution reform, where do you find the difficulties mainly?　　The new direction: income imbalance is not only the cause of China's income distribution system reform, but also the biggest difficulty to solve.　　The first is the contradiction between the income gap between middle and low income people and those with high income and the lack of effective income. At present, China's low and middle income level of the population is very large, most of them do not have effective means of income, migrant workers is one of the most typical representative. At the same time, coal bosses, "rich second generation" and so on frequently appear in the social popular vocabulary.　　If this phenomenon can not be effectively changed, will form income stratification, the generation of income distribution transfer, that is, poor children or poor children, rich children are rich second generation, such social structure is very small, easy to cause structural fracture. 2000, China's urban income level is 2.85 times times the rural, 2008 to 3.54 times times, despite the increase in farmers ' income growth in recent years, but the gap between urban and rural areas still exists. Although speeding up the process of urbanization is an effective way to eliminate urban-rural disparity, how to guarantee the lossThe most important problem in the process of urbanization is the steady and stable income of the farmers and not just a town hukou. There are also the differences in the level of economic development in the east and west of China, and the income disparity between industry and sector, and between departments and departments, which are the concrete manifestations of national income imbalance.　　It is a long way to solve these problems.　　Journalist: To solve the problems in our income distribution system, where do you think you should start? New direction: Personally, it should be promulgated as soon as possible, improve the relevant tax adjustment policies, adjust the excessive income, the introduction of property tax, estate tax and so on, improve the regulatory mechanism, strengthen the labor remuneration and other tax purposes of personal income tax collection, so that the invisible income of high-income people exposure, through the source　　Reduce the resources and monopolistic benefits of certain industries. The second is to reduce the proportion of low-income people. A modernized society, the social stratum structure usually should present most is the middle income crowd, such social structure is comparatively stable. To reduce the proportion of low-income people, the government needs to adjust through the government's financial transfer payment, tax relief and social security, such as raising the income of middle and low income people, raising the minimum living security level, exempting or withholding personal income tax on low-income people, and the Government should implement active employment policy,　　Reduce the number of 0 employed households.　　Of course, it is also very important for the reform of income distribution system to share big social wealth. Reporter: Raise the income of middle and low income people, the most easy to think of is raise salary.　　However, in recent years, each salary adjustment, the first benefit of civil servants and public institutions, employees are often excluded, how do you think about this? New direction: In the market economy, the enterprise according to their own operating conditions to determine the level of employee income is understandable things, but this does not mean that raising the income level of wage earners is not complete task. Government departments can increase the income of migrant workers by raising social security. The payment of social insurance premium is the government, enterprises and individuals to jointly bear, improve the absolute value of social security, also means to increase income, for the future of workers added a guarantee.　　At the same time, reducing the tax burden on Low-and middle-income people is also a way to raise their income.　　Journalist: Is it contradictory to start the reform of income distribution system and "let some people get rich first"? New direction: "Let some people get rich first" the ultimate goal is to achieve common prosperity, rather than widening the gap between the rich and the poor.　　Social development to a certain stage, it is necessary to the first part of the rich people to adjust income, especially for some "gray income" crowd, this regulation is more necessary. Even in Western developed countries, it is common for the rich to pay more tax and enjoy the benefits of the poor.