Ecological compensation Game dilemma

In the trans-provincial ecological compensation relationship, there has been such a situation, two brothers will not be able to resolve between, at this time, the central must come forward to do uncie, to coordinate the "Oriental weekly" reporter Li | Beijing reported that years of ecological compensation policy, led by the National Development and Reform Commission, on April 26, officially launched the "Eco-Compensation Ordinance" legislation plan. The news was a source of intense concern across the country.　　And after a few days, there are media bursts, because of the wide-ranging, contradictory complex, the ecological compensation of the legislative investigation, will be postponed. Recently, this newspaper reporter called the National Environmental Protection Department, Environmental Protection Department of Environmental and Economic Policy Research Center deputy Director Yuanqingdan revealed that from the end of June, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has been targeted at the "Ecological Compensation Ordinance," a series of intensive research in place.　　Wang Jinnan, a member of the Advisory Committee on the drafting of the regulations, explained that the investigation was not delayed, but that it did not form a general consensus on ecological compensation, fearing that it would not be possible to go further and investigate. The deputy Director of the Drafting Expert Advisory Committee, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Wenhua to the Oriental Weekly, the National Development and Reform Commission has led the establishment of a research group, composed of officials and experts from various ministries.　　This includes a comprehensive group, as well as a number of groups that are categorized in areas such as forestry and mining. This is the development and Reform Commission to grasp the ecological compensation, attaches great importance to. "Wenhua said. And this attention behind, also highlights a pressing. "The ' Eleven-Five ' plan specifically to start ecological compensation." The result of the State Council of things, the following lively half-day, there is no movement, this year is ' Eleven-Five ' last year, do not start, it became a paper empty.　　"Wang Jinnan said. Thus, the "Ecological Compensation Ordinance", which has attracted much attention, has been "Jianzaixianshang".　　However, whether the ecological compensation can realize the real breakthrough in the complicated interests entanglement needs a lot of balance and consideration. Ecological compensation in the local "hiding" although the national level of ecological compensation policy, has been in stalemate for many years, but the local ecological compensation practice has never ceased.　　Since the 90 's in the last century, the provinces and cities in the mineral, watershed and other fields have various types of independent exploration. It is noteworthy that some of the western resources of the province, but also to explore a unique experience.　　This May, the reporter in the visit to Ordos, Inner Mongolia, encountered this spontaneous exploration of the case. Ishi is the main coal-producing area of Eerduosi. At the end of 2006, the 120 million-ton-yearly coal-producing flag county, to restore the ecological damage caused by mining, charged a special fee for 12 large state-owned coal mines: ecological compensation funds.　　The concrete method is, each produces one ton coal, the place collects 1.8 yuan, finally will collect all funds for the coal mine location GOAF treatment, including the water level descent, vegetation restoration compensation. Since the implementation of the policy, the ecological governance of the flag of Iraq has achieved obvious results. However, the leader of the policy, the head of the office of the leading group of eco-environmental restoration in the Gao Lingyun mining area, is feeling uneasy and acknowledgingThe policy may be aborted at any time. An Iraqi flag authority official disclosed that the coal mine enterprise to collect the ecological compensation fund still to have the very big resistance sentiment, thought this is only a "hiding", lacks the obvious basis. At the same time, the benefits of the policy have been affirmed but not replicated.　　He hopes that under the framework of national ecological compensation, this policy can be enforced vigorously, at least at the autonomous level should introduce normative documents. "This exploration by the flag of Iraq can be said to be reasonable and unlawful." There is no guidance policy, the following groping for a long time, and finally do not know how to do.　　Wang Jinnan pointed out that with the deepening of practice, local experience is eager to "upgrade" the voice of increasingly strong. At this point, the Shanxi province of the same resource is fortunate. 2007, Shanxi Datong, Yangquan began to levy mining environment management recovery deposit, its practice and the Inner Mongolia, the flag has a similar role. The difference is that the practice of Shanxi cities was soon promoted in the province. The background of the rapid promotion is that, since 2005, the State Environmental Protection Administration and other departments with the National Development and Reform Commission to develop the Shanxi Coal resources Development Ecological Environment Restoration compensation mechanism pilot policy, after the approval of the State Council, the 2007 Shanxi Province officially launched the pilot. "The state has allowed the NDRC to lead, and the Ministry of Finance has supported it." Shanxi's action naturally big, this let not be benefited to Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia is very envy.　　"Wang Jinnan said. However, this upgraded version of the local policy also has its own troubles. Shanxi Environmental Protection Department, a staff of the natural Ecology department told the reporter, the policy has been implemented, and did not achieve the provincial coverage, the speed of the promotion is relatively slow.　　Right now, it's going to be a sensitive time. The so-called sensitive period, is the state of the policy given three years of validity, has arrived.　　If the whole policy is not in time, Shanxi faces the risk of the policy being forced to stop. "After local experience has been upgraded, it has become a more troubling issue, although it can be implemented more forcefully, but how the upgraded local policy continues."　　"Wang Jinnan said. These local "hiding" provide nutrients for the central government to enact eco-compensation regulations. However, Wenhua also pointed out that the enactment of regulations should avoid some confusion in local practice. For example, in the process of coal mining, the damage caused by the restoration of the ecosystem, the use of funds, is a genuine ecological compensation.　　As for the relocation problem caused by mining, only part of the ecological compensation can be paid. "The problem of immigration and poverty alleviation should be dealt with in the resource tax through another financial approach." Now it's all in the ecological compensation.　　"Wenhua said.　　Do not strengthen the "East compensation West" as the drafting of the regulations by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Western Division led the discussion on "East compensation West" has again become the focus, many comments even pointed out that the western region will be the largest beneficiaries of ecological compensation policy. However, industry experts interviewed by this newspaper generally believe that the "East compensation for the West" is more of a media myth. "Conceptually it says so, but the existing framework in China, to rely on the provincial ' princes ' to solve the problem of trans-provincial compensation, will only be confused. Do not harden the east to compensate the west.　　"Wang Jinnan said.　　Wenhua also said that in the current ecological compensation practice, the regional compensation is a weak one, the most difficult to solve is the east and west across the provinces of the basin compensation. In this issue, located in the Dongjiang River downstream of Jiangxi and Guangdong, is a pair of friends. It is estimated that the flow of water from Jiangxi to Guangdong each year accounts for about 10% of the water in Guangdong province.　　Wenhua introduced that many of these water transport to Hong Kong, the past called "political water", and then after consultation, Hong Kong decided to pay some money for the water sent. Hong Kong's Clean water compensation fee is very brisk, a year around 1 billion, and every year will give, but this move has sparked a game between Guangdong and Jiangxi.　　The reason is that Hong Kong gave the money to Guangdong Heyuan. "In Hong Kong's view, water flows through Guangdong Heyuan and finally arrives in Hong Kong, and Guangdong is the source of drinking water." Jiangxi side feel wronged, is I give the water, I do not call ' Heyuan ', but is the real ' Heyuan '. And Guangdong is richer than me. The poor place does not give, but gives the rich place.　　"Wenhua said. So, Guangdong and Jiangxi for this water fee began to seriously.　　In the process, Wenhua has witnessed the government representatives of Jiangxi, specifically for this matter to Hong Kong.　　Perhaps Jiangxi's efforts have played a role, Jiangxi and the relevant stakeholders signed the Watershed ecological Benefit sharing agreement, in accordance with the Agreement, from 2005 to 2025, Guangdong province every year to arrange 150 million yuan of funds to compensate for the East Jiangyuan area to protect the water for the sacrifice.　　However, the implementation of the situation does not appear to be optimistic, a 2009 Jiangxi Provincial development and Reform Commission, a material showed that "the agreement has not been effectively implemented, the need for greater national coordination to promote this matter." Throughout the country, so far, there has been no successful case for the compensation of river basins in the provinces. In contrast, the provincial ecological compensation for the river basin is booming. In 2003, Fujian first initiated the ecological compensation work in the upstream and downstream of the basin, and the ecological compensation was implemented in three basins, such as Minjiang, Jiulong and Ao Jiang in 2009.　　2006, Zhejiang and other provinces began to follow up. In Wenhua's view, a province within the territory, can successfully carry out the ecological compensation of the city, mainly relying on the provincial government's strong leadership, top-down promotion. "The governor is in a hurry and the province is in good co-ordination." But one involved to the two provinces, the lawsuit is not good to play, the main is not the basis of the above, upstream and downstream responsibility is not. "" In the trans-provincial ecological compensation relationship, there has been such a situation: two brothers will not be able to resolve between, at this time, the central must come forward to do uncie, to coordinate.　　"Wang Jinnan said. The Central eco-compensation may be transformed into a simple "replenishment gap" in the East-west region, when disputes over provincial compensation some Eastern developed regions have expressed this view: I also understand that to compensate, but I give the central government so much tax, which should include ecological compensation, preferably central solution, from the central to feed the WestArea。 Thus, the controversy between the east and the West evolves into the coordination of interests between central and local. And that's another big focus of the regulation. "At the drafting meeting, we discussed whether the bill would address the general ecological compensation relationship or the central and local relations." The State Department is supposed to be general, but the place is more concerned about whether it can be solved from a large plate in the middle.　　"Wang Jinnan said. In the area of river basin compensation, some eastern developed provinces also put forward such a proposal: downstream out of 1 billion, upstream out of 200 million, central out of 800 million, the money is placed together, by central co-ordination to compensate upstream areas.　　That is to say, set up a special ecological compensation fund from the national level. This approach is considered feasible in policy formulation. Basin relatively long, such as the Yangtze River and other rivers, through a lot of provinces, if the downstream directly to the upstream compensation, involving more stakeholders, the relationship is too complex.　　If the National Special Fund is established, it can be unified to resolve these complex relations. More importantly, the establishment of the National Ecological Compensation Fund, can achieve a mechanism of effectiveness. In fact, the central government is already trying to do this.　　Kongzhi, a researcher at the Department of Finance's comprehensive policy laboratory, said to the Economist from 2008 onwards, for the Sanjiang source, the South-to-north water diversion region and the public welfare forest, the state has continued to invest a part of the funds, although the financial concept is not called ecological compensation, but embodies the significance of ecological compensation, and ecological compensation related to the elements are inside. "The total amount of money in 2008 amounted to more than 6 billion, the equivalent of a base, every year, this money, has now formed a stable policy." Support will only increase.　　"Kongzhi said. This attempt by the central government has been affirmed by all parties, but there are still many disputes over the way of compensation. "This ecological compensation of the State is the direct general transfer payment by the central government." This is usually to see a local income per capita, compared to the national average of the number of differences, this piece is made up on the line.　　"Wang Jinnan said. Since 2008, for the south-North Water Diversion project in Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi three provinces, central cast a billion of, more than 40 counties according to financial level, the money down. The money is usually at the end of the year or the beginning of the following arrival place, Wang Jinnan in the survey found that many local grassroots do not know what it is money.　　For a county in the west, one down tens of millions of, but also a lot of the number, and some directly to spend money. This raises a concern that the central ecological compensation may be transformed into a simple "replenishment of the financial gap".　　The biggest beneficiaries have become local governments, and compensation has not really been put to the detriment of the environment and the people. To this end, a number of industry experts suggested that the technical operational level should be changed to the local grass-roots provided by the value of ecological services as a standard to allocate the Central Ecological Compensation Fund. For example, Jiangxi has protected an ecosystem upstream through afforestation, and this environmental benefit is eventually reflected elsewhere in the lower reaches. It's going to be balanced by economic levers,In view of the service function produced by Jiangxi ecosystem, the paper makes compensation to Jiangxi according to the index system of ecological benefit evaluation. It is an international trend to gradually incorporate the eco-efficiency Service index into the compensation standard. However, Wenhua reminded that there are still difficulties in operation.　　At home, the local market does not have this account, there is no standard, if, as in international practice, all the eco-efficiency indicators into the coming out, often an astronomical figure. An example is the evaluation of the ecological benefit of the Three rivers. In the study of ecological value and ecological compensation of Sanjiang source in China, the ecological service value of the Three Rivers sources has accounted for 5.12% of the global ecological service value.　　It is also estimated that the economic value of global ecosystem services is 16 trillion ~540000 billion. "This can only cause people to pay attention to ecological compensation, but it leads to no one pays." What is done now is not a step across. But to the economic accounting in the existing indicators of ecological benefits first.　　"Wenhua said. "A regulation may not solve all the problems. But do not pipe thickness, give a direction of guidance, first solve a few problems, also line. "Wang Jinnan said.