Economy half Hour: don't let low standards bring a vicious circle

Starting from June 1 this year, the Ministry of Health approved the publication of national standards for dairy safety, including a total of 66 specific standards, involving raw milk, pasteurized milk, sterilized milk and other dairy products. This is the 2008 "melamine Incident" occurred, the relevant departments of 1986 issued a major revision of the dairy standards, it is also known as the new national standard Dairy.　　However, it is this new national standard has sparked a fierce debate inside and outside the industry. This is the 2008 "melamine Incident" occurred, the relevant departments of the new emulsion standards for a major revision. However, the new national standard from the official release to implement, triggering numerous disputes. One of the main points of contention is protein content, the new GB, protein content per 100 grams of 2.8 grams, this number is lower than the international standard of 3.0 grams, but also lower than the 1986 old national standard 2.95 grams; the second point of contention is the total number of colonies per ml of milk, the new standard from 500,000 to 2 million, compared to the United States, The European Union's 100,000 standard is 20 times times higher than the industry's one-night retreat for 25 years.　　More public opinion pointed out that the dairy industry's new national standard to "Chinese raw milk quality to the world's lowest."　　The new national standard formulation expert drafting group team leader state CDC nutrition and Food Safety deputy director Wangzhu King Bamboo Day: This standard is suitable for our country now in this breed method under a standard Chinese Animal products Processing Research Association honorary President of the Ministry of Agriculture (milk) consultant Sheng Xiang Sheng Xiang: China's dairy industry is probably over.　　China Milk Industry Association Dairy Industry Committee deputy Director, the Ministry of Health Raw Milk labeling Group deputy leader Zeng Zeng: Not as some leaders say, this standard is mutual coordination, mutual care, such a product. Around dairy new GB, we heard two kinds of opposing voices. The first major focus is the 1986 issue of raw milk acquisition Standards and the 2003 Ministry of Health Health standards for fresh milk, all require protein content of 2.95%, the new national standard but the protein content reduced to 2.8%. So how exactly is this standard set? Can we guarantee the quality of raw milk in the future?　　Let's take a look at the expert's analysis. Wanggali, vice director of Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and veterinary Studies, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences: not that the protein content from 2.95 to 2.8, this milk can not drink, the Chinese Dairy Association Dairy Industry Committee deputy director of the National Dairy and dairy product labeling group deputy leader Zeng Zeng; there is no international standard, raw milk,　　Raw milk is 2.8, no. For protein standards, supporters and opponents uncompromising, the reporter noted that China's 1986 years of "GB" 2.95 and international standards have a clear gap between the 2010 standard on its basis on why it fell to 2.8? The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and veterinary research, Wang Gali told reporters that the impact of milk protein content of many factors, feed is one of the most critical factor, and the current Chinese dairy industryThere are 76% of retail farming in concentrated, which inevitably affects the milk protein content. When the standard was established in 1986, the main state farm in China, the number of cows is small, are concentrated culture, 2.95 of the indicators at that time is not high.　　And now the situation is very different.　　China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and veterinary medicine, vice president of the Chinese Dairy Association Wanggali: Scattered rearing, a variety of patterns of feeding the development of such a situation, then this led to the dairy cattle varieties, feeding level, management level and the environment is uneven. Professor Li Shenli of China Agricultural University is the chief scientist of National dairy industry technology system. He told us that the standard of protein content in the new GB is determined by the data obtained from the Monitoring Department for a long time. Prior to the Chinese Agricultural University in the country set up 24 test stations, 150 radiation points to collect information, a considerable number of enterprises milk protein content is actually less than 2.95.　　This is the staff in Heilongjiang province, a large domestic dairy production enterprises monitoring data, we saw that the company in the northeast region milk protein content of more than 2.95 of the proportion is 75.1%, South Central is 63.7%, the Northwest region is only 23.6%.　　Li Shenli Li Shenli, chief scientist of National Dairy industry technology System of China Agricultural University: More than 2.95 of you see only how much, it basically has nearly half will not live, you calculate.　　Reporter: Is this also a very big enterprise?　　Li Shenli: Big business.　　For the new GB, the milk protein content standard finally set to 2.8, 86-year-old Chinese Dairy Industry association consultant Zeng has different views.　　China Dairy Association consultant Zeng Zeng: I see the material introduced, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang has 6% and 10% of the cows up to 2.95, can only reach 2.8, then these places should be analyzed, why he did not reach.　　From 1985 onwards, Zeng as the main standard-makers and drafters, participated in the "Sterilized milk" "Sour milk" "whole milk powder" and other 8 items of dairy health standards, participated in and witnessed the 1986-year dairy industry GB formulation. China Milk Industry Association Dairy Industry Committee deputy director of the National Dairy and dairy product labeling group deputy leader Zeng Zeng: Formerly in the past, China was called the Northern Cow a clan, the southern Chinese cow clan, that information is fully displayed,　　are acquired milk in 2.95, or close to 2.95, or higher than 2.95,2.8 is three grade products, is reject, 2.95 is authentic, now is defective to genuine. Zeng that it is not difficult to standardize aquaculture and scientific feeding to more than 2.95. He took out a set of data for the reporter. This is located in Nanping, Fujian, a large dairy production enterprises, from 2007 to 2009, the main indicators of raw milk, the reporter saw that, in addition to individual month milk protein content in more than 2.96, the other are in more than 3.0, 200The highest number in the 9 year April reached 3.08. For the current dairy production situation, the two sides gave different data, that data closer to the real situation?　　The reporter selected the two sides to provide two dairy cattle breeding base for investigation, one is located in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, one is located in Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang.　　In Nangang district of Harbin, the red Flag Manchu township, here, cow farming is the local pillar industry, but also the main income of farmers, it is understood that the local farmers are decentralized small-scale aquaculture, and eight to 10 per household culture, can account for more than 90% of the proportion. In the village, we met several cattle farmers on the roadside cows.　　They told the reporter, the home of corn straw was fed, temporarily put the cow bolt on the road to add some grass.　　Heilongjiang Hongqi Manchu Township peasant Ming Ming: Now corn Straw a bundle of money, you calculate, what is money, now wages are not, neither of us wages.　　Reporter: Do we raise cattle not to make money?　　Ming: Earn what money, how many years did not make money, four or five years did not make money. More than 20 years of cattle farmers Ming told reporters that the feed of the annual rise, dairy farmers profit less and less. Compared to last year, this year's corn prices, each kilogram rose more than four cents, bean cake rose three hundred or four hundred yuan per ton, with feed per ton also rose 500 yuan, feeding a cow monthly feed cost directly increase more than 200 yuan, and now the price of milk per kilogram is 2.7 yuan, has not changed much.　　Raising cattle does not make money, farmers can not afford to feed concentrated.　　Heilongjiang Red Flag Manchu Township farmers Ming Ming: If there is a profit on more to point, no profit will be less to point, I have not eaten money, I have to deal with the point of eating money. Reporters in the red Flag Manchu Township visited a number of villagers, found that these scattered feeding cows are corn stalks, soybean cake, or mixed feed, every day, the feed cost of cattle is not more than 30 yuan.　　Local dairy farm owners told reporters, feed the situation, directly affect the milk protein content, from their collection of milk, most farmers sent milk, protein content in the 2.8-2.9 accounted for 50%, more than 2.9 of the high index of milk accounted for 50%.　　Heilongjiang Hao Source dairy cooperatives webmaster Guan Fengchun Reporter: Do you want to collect high index of milk?　　Guan Fengchun: Think, why do not want to collect indicator milk.　　Reporter: Can you collect it?　　Guan Fengchun: No, because the milk of this piece, the cow itself out of the milk is sparse, out of that milk. Then the reporter came to the Shuangcheng County Shuangcheng in the celebration of animal husbandry, here is the size of 900 cows ranch. Reporter Main, here every day the feeding cost of cattle to reach more than 40 yuan, in order to improve the protein also added 1200 yuan per ton of sheep grass.　　But the factory director told us that according to DHI to detect, there are 20% milk protein content of less than 2.8.　　Heilongjiang Qing yuan animal husbandry field Shiring Shiring: is to increase the feeding of this piece, adjust the nutritional indicators of individual cattle. Shiring told reporters that a certain amount of capitalGold strength and size can guarantee at least 80% of milk protein content to reach more than 2.9.　　But their Shuangcheng County, like him with the same strength of pasture but three, for 220,000 cows Shuangcheng County, 90% of small retail small-scale aquaculture, it is difficult to meet the 2.9 standard.　　Heilongjiang Dairy Industry association Secretary-General Wu Heping Wu Heping: The reason is this time, it's a feed structure, that is, the nutritional structure, cattle status and conditions of the affected. Wu Heping that 2.8 of the data is in line with the dairy cow lactation period, while the northern region of dairy cattle farming accounted for 82% of the country, of which more than 70% of the farm households are free-range, but also an objective fact to face. Is there any breakthrough in the farmers ' cattle raising? Can a cow with milk protein be raised over 2.95?　　Zeng, deputy director of Dairy Industry Committee of China Dairy Association, told us that this is not difficult, the old man brought reporters to the Jiangsu Province, Changzhou Hengshan Town, the cow cooperatives conducted a survey.　　Changzhou Hengshan Town Agricultural Cow Professional Cooperative Guchun: feed is corn flour, there are soybeans, soybean meal what, mixed.　　Zeng Zeng, vice director of Dairy Industry Committee of China Dairy Association: You have to eat good cows, cows can give people eat well, if you give cows every day to eat the straw, water gourd, splash, in the forage inside also deducted it, how can it make you milk nutrients in good?　　Gu Chunyuan told reporters that they are equipped with a daily feed of more than 10 kinds of concentrate, up to nine kg, in addition to the cattle every day with forage 50 kg, three times feeding. Changzhou Hengshan Town Agricultural Cow Professional cooperative Zhang East Reporter: Do you think it is good or low?　　Milk protein.　　Zhang Zhengdong: That must be high. Journalist: Why?　　But you have to increase the cost, you are high after.　　Zhang Zhengdong: Cost is, but rewarding. Chen Jianguo said that milk protein content is 2.8,2.9 or 3.0, three digital surface does not look very different, but in fact, the cost of the size. According to their calculations, the protein content of each increase of 0.1%, feed costs will have to increase the corresponding five yuan. The cooperative is qualitative, they use milk protein 2.9 as the standard, with 3 yuan per kilogram of milk for the corresponding pricing basis, each 0.1 protein content will increase 5 cents. Similarly, each less than 0.1% will have a corresponding punitive penalty.　　Calculated, each production of a kilogram of milk, protein content of 2.95 than 2.8, can sell more than 1.23 yuan.　　Changzhou Hengshan Town Agricultural Cow Professional Cooperative director Chen Jianguo Chen Jianguo: you a cow (a year), that even if 300 yuan, a cow a year it will be a difference of 300.　　Zeng's team has been testing the Co-op for a long time, and they found that, after implementing the qualitative system, the proportion of milk protein to 2.95 is over 95% in the daily monitoring data. Zeng, deputy director of Dairy Industry Committee, China Dairy AssociationYing: Every day to test, one months 30 days, he was a year down to how many copies, three years of the number of copies, confirmed that his milk year-round maintenance to 2.95. In the interview, we also obtained a group of data, the current developed countries of the original grandmother protein content can reach 3.2%, Canada's milk protein content in 3.3%, New Zealand can reach 3.8%. Obviously, only the advanced centralized feeding model can breed better cows, eat better feeds and produce better milk. But for the Chinese dairy industry, the completion of this huge project is not overnight.　　In the face of this dilemma, national standards should be high or low? For the Chinese dairy industry, the short-term changes in retail farming accounted for 90% of the traditional model is really difficult, so many people believe that the new national standard if the milk protein standards, the result can only be armchair. The opposing party's view is that not because of low level of development, to lower standards, so that the whole industry into a cycle of bad deeds, not to mention from the operating link, you can implement high quality and price method, the use of market means to promote high standards.　　This dilemma seems to be in the awkward position. China Agricultural University National Dairy industry Technology System Chief scientist Li Shenli Li Shenli: If the original GB, means that we have nearly 20% proportion of milk, may become unqualified.　　Most people can not get in, there may be some milk farmers to pour milk the possibility.　　Li Shenli that, in view of more than 70% of the country's dairy products from the current status of retail farming, high protein standards, can only presses more milk events occur.　　In Li Shenli's view, too high a standard is bad for raising milk quality.　　Li Shenli Li Shenli, chief scientist of National Dairy industry technology system, China Agricultural University: Melamine was due to excess milk before it happened. Li Shenli Analysis, it is because of the company's acquisition standards, some people in order to sell milk, would rather take the risk of adding melamine.　　But Zeng, who has been hostile to low standards, disagrees. China Dairy Association Dairy Industry Committee deputy director of the Ministry of Health original Dairy product labeling group deputy leader Zeng Zeng: cyanuric Cyanide ammonia It is this kind of cynical, right, how can it be forced? Why is it because of the 2.95 problem?　　You're not adulterated at 2.8?　　Zeng told reporters, now to reduce the standard, unable to curb outlaws add melamine, and he thought that low standards will also bring another hidden danger, is low protein content will affect the inherent flavor of milk and fat odor, it is difficult to avoid some enterprises do not use additives or dehydrated milk powder shoddy. China Milk Industry Association Dairy Industry Committee deputy director of the Ministry of Health original Dairy product labeling group deputy leader Zeng Zeng: Bring is that you use this raw milk to make all the finished products are affected by the problem, the reduction of milk protein data, will not make manufacturers to improve the taste of the use of additives? What is the impact of low standards on enterprise processing? With such doubt, ourReporter contacted a number of large dairy enterprises, the final only Beijing Sanyuan Food Co., Ltd. accepted our interview.　　Beijing Sanyuan Food Co., Ltd. General Manager Liping Reporter: In order to maintain the previous quality, or taste, will add other additives, is there such a situation?　　Liping: We don't have this problem in this business, on the one hand, I just said, a product line is very rich, 2.8 of milk can also produce products, more than 2.95 can also produce their own products, journalists: if we want to produce our ultimate milk, only 2.8 milk protein such milk, then we. Liping: Cannot produce, cannot produce.　　is not able to add anything, you can only use high-quality milk source to produce.　　Journalist: ordinary medium-sized or small businesses. Liping: Because of the small business, I think it is mainly one, of course, it also has cost considerations.　　Because its fat may be low, to achieve your standard to add something, this is not good to say. It seems that the level of milk protein content in the dairy industry will bring about what impact, there are many unknowns. And around the dairy new national standard debate There is another focus is the total number of colonies. The new standard from the original 500,000 to 2 million, compared to the United States, the European Union 100,000 of the standard is 20 times times higher, the industry exclaimed for a night back 25 years.　　So how is this standard determined?　　New national standard development expert drafting group team leader of Nutrition and food safety of CDC Wangzhu King Bamboo Days: If it is true to 500,000, it will be a lot of these milk shut out. China Animal Products Processing Research Association honorary President, Ministry of Agriculture (milk) consultant Sheng Xiang Sheng Xiang: South Korea's (colony total) not 7000?　　You Chinese milk 2 million, this is not a joke?　　Wang Gali, deputy director of the Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and veterinary research, who participates in the national standard formulation work, told us why the colony count was 2 million. Wanggali, vice director of Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and veterinary science, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the new standard, the total number of colonies is 2 million, in the 1986 standard inside the four level, level is 500,000, two is 1 million, three is 2 million, four is 4 million, so say you compare two standards,　　You will find new standards that are neither rigorous nor relaxing, which is equivalent to the standard of level three of the original standards. Wang Gali that in accordance with the current culture in China, the total number of colonies if set at 500,000, half of the milk will be rejected.　　The Zeng that the colony index is too high will directly affect the safety of milk.　　China Milk Industry Association Dairy Industry Committee deputy director of the Ministry of Health original Dairy product labeling group deputy leader Zeng Zeng: You 2 million of the bacteria, we can not kill all the bacteria, then there are a certain amount of milk residue, this amount of milk in the process of operation, the shelf life must be shortened. So the colony values are at 500,000 and2 million what is the impact on security? The Ministry of Agriculture's Milk and dairy quality supervision and testing room Dr. Wang June, showed us a picture of the total number of colonies in 500,000 and 2 million.　　The distribution of white spot flora in the photo was very different. Ministry of Agriculture milk and dairy quality supervision and Testing Center testing room director Wang June Dr. Wang June: If it is 500,000 of the number, in this milking the milk station inside, we should be able to feel, is said to go into a look, should feel more clean, the ground no residual milk.　　2 million words should be relatively dirty conditions, should be basically the summer flies are ditches fly, and then there will be some residual milk scattered on the ground, sanitary equipment, and sometimes may smell some peculiar smell. Wang June that the number of flora is different, the safety of dairy products have a certain impact.　　However, in the national CDC, responsible for nutrition and food Safety Wang Zhutian Deputy Director of the opinion that the colony microorganisms are not pathogenic bacteria, will not affect the safety of dairy products.　　New GB development expert drafting group leader National CDC Nutrition and Food Safety deputy director Wang Zhutian Wang June: Large aspects, the total number of colonies, not a direct food safety indicators, it and our human disease has no relationship.　　Flora number of different, in the end what will affect the dairy, interview, we found 20 years experience in dairy production Wang Ting field.　　Reporter: Some people say that microbial content it is not pathogenic bacteria, but also the subsequent processing, said the impact of this quality.　　Wang Ting: Impossible, impossible, that is certainly able to influence.　　Journalist: According to your experience. Wang Ting: Certainly is the influence, but because he disinfection, may say can not give the human disease, but its freshness, its taste affirmation is to be affected, Wang Ting told the reporter, the colony total manifests the milk production health condition, simultaneously also affects the dairy product the shelf life. Cold chain production control, after the milk squeeze into these tanks, the temperature quickly reduced to 4 degrees below, and then install refrigerated vehicles, transported to the processing plant. The whole process has been operating at low temperatures, so that the total number of bacteria can be controlled under 100,000. For enterprises, the corresponding equipment input and transformation will require a large amount of money.　　And many companies will transfer costs to end products.　　Dairy Factory managers: This year will be nearly 3 million input, light Beijing area.　　Journalist: How big would it be if you were in the whole range?　　Dairy Factory managers: that's for sure. In our impression, the society is progressing, the technology is improving, the consumer demand is improving, the relevant industry standard seems also should thwacking. However, in the formulation of new national standards of dairy products, but the opposite trend. This kind of abnormal phenomenon behind, in the end reflect the Chinese dairy industry which predicament?　　We also heard a lot of voices.　　Although the new national standards for the dairy industry has always been supportive attitude, but Wang Gali that the current dairy industry, the new standard is really low, he thought that this standard will be in a year or two coordinated improvement, and high quality price system is imperative. InNational Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research deputy Director of Wanggali: Enterprises to implement a real high quality excellent price system, is to promote the quality of milk to improve the absolute force, the other is auxiliary force, because the market is one of the biggest driving force.　　Wang Gali said that the most important "A-class high-temperature sterilization Milk Act" in the U.S. Dairy safety system was documented in the U.S. federal Code of Laws, which provides a reliable basis for testing testing of American dairy products.　　Wanggali, deputy Director of Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and veterinary Medicine, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences: the strength and norms of regulation, at this point our country is relatively deficient.　　Heilongjiang Milk Association Secretary-General Wu Heping also agreed to set a new national standard from the fact, but in view of the current development of China's milk industry, he thought should be used to reserve the milk powder system and the corresponding financial services system to protect the dairy industry.　　Heilongjiang Dairy Industry association Secretary-General Wu Heping Wu Heping: In our country to formulate a long-term milk powder reserve circulation system, it will stabilize the industry peak trough this constant change played a stabilizing role. As the Ministry of Health Raw Milk labeling Group Deputy team Leader: Zeng, has been adhering to the high standards to lead the industry, he told us that the milk Protein content index set at 2.8, the number of colonies set at 2 million of the low standard seriously restricted the development of China's dairy industry. The development of China's dairy industry can learn from New Zealand, the establishment of third-party testing agencies. New Zealand has the world's leading dairy third party testing agency-SAITL Dairy Testing Center.　　The establishment of the third party testing laboratory can provide a fair trading platform for dairy households and milk products enterprises, combine with the qualitative price system, guarantee the balance between dairy farmers and enterprises, and urge the dairy farmers to improve the quality of raw milk. Milk Industry Association of China Dairy Industry Committee deputy director of the Ministry of Health original Dairy labeling group deputy leader Zeng Zeng: Our country's milk standards, is not able to grade, do not implement a project only one indicator, such as protein is 2.8, such as the total number of colonies is 2 million, why can not consider grading it? This grading for consumers is good for dairy enterprises also have benefits, for dairy farmers it also has the benefit of the new national standard of dairy products are set high or low, we are not professionals, it is difficult to give a conclusion. This is not a result of the debate, but let us see the dairy industry dilemma. Objectively speaking, China's dairy industry has indeed achieved leapfrog development in the last more than 10 years, but many structural flaws have been concealed by the surface prosperity. A very simple truth, drink good milk, must raise a good cow. However, in the past, a large number of investment in dairy production and sales, not lack of advanced technology and equipment, the industry based on the culture link, but there is no corresponding planning, so that the industrial chain is disjointed, the level of culture lag behind many countries, raw milk quality instability. The distorted industrial structure not only brings a series of dilemmas to the national standard, but also poses a hidden danger to the safety of dairy products. However, I think no matter what, safety and quality should be an industrial development alwaysAs the responsible Department for setting standards, we should not forget this point while taking into account the realistic interests.