Economy half Hour: the seed subsidy of Hebei grain-producing counties is fake

Photo 01: For the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Finance this year's variety subsidy guidance, Professor Yang Zhifu, China Agricultural University, from now on, you can try to direct cash and price subsidies in parallel, but in the long run, or to respect the views of farmers, grasp the full realization of cash straight.　　Photo 02: China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tong Ping Asian researchers suggested that for the beginning of this year has been determined to directly fill the corn, rice varieties of subsidies, in the mode of operation should be further refined, should be clear to the farmers directly subsidized varieties subsidies. Hebei Grain-producing counties, varieties of subsidies fraud (editor-in-chief: Ma Hongtao: Shan camera: Xiaoming, Jiangin) Right now it is sanxia busy season, the northern area of field crop seeding is about to begin, for many farmers, this year they have no longer to buy a good and cheap seeds to worry about.　　March 5 This year, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Finance issued a joint document to provide for future varieties of subsidies will be direct cash subsidies or discount subsidies, and the previous subsidy method is more flexible, more operational, by farmers generally welcome. The farmers generally welcome the adjustment of the variety subsidy, which indicates that 2009 rice, wheat, corn, cotton in the country 31 provinces (districts, municipalities) to implement a full range of subsidy coverage, the implementation of the standard of good seed subsidy for early rice 10 yuan/mu, Middle rice, cotton 15 yuan/mu, wheat, corn, soybeans 10 yuan/MU. The rice and maize variety subsidy adopts the way of direct cash subsidy, and implements the variety promotion, voluntary purchase and direct distribution. Wheat, soybeans, cotton varieties subsidies can be subsidized by the sale price discount subsidies to farmers, can also take the form of direct cash subsidies, local can be combined with the actual choice to determine the subsidy method.　　In the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the reporter learned that the corn varieties here subsidies have been realized cash straight. Inner Mongolia Chifeng Harqin Qi West Bridge town West Bridge village Li Jingshan lover: "We home-grown seven mu of half, seven acres and more than half a point." "Reporter:" How much money? "Li Jingshan lover:" Seven mu half is 75 yuan. "Inner Mongolia Chifeng Harqin Qi West Bridge town West Bridge Village Villagers Chung:" You are willing to choose whichever, do not limit you. "Chifeng Harqin Qi is a typical agricultural county, mainly to grow corn, seed subsidies in this has been implemented for three years." Relevant officials told reporters that the original in the price discount subsidies, farmers have only 35 varieties can choose, the use of this range of seeds will not be able to enjoy subsidies.　　Now, with cash in the way, farmers can choose according to their actual freedom. Inner Mongolia Chifeng Harqin Qi West Bridge Town deputy mayor Chen: "After the implementation of cash, after the implementation of a card, the people can according to their own strength, their land situation to choose the seed, basically (increase per acre) 100 kg to 200 kg, income (increase) is basically Baixin block money." The experts also recognized the guidance. Yang Zhifu, professor of resources and environment, China Agricultural University, eighth, ninth, the National CPPCC Committee members. LongPay attention to seed subsidy.　　Yang Zhifu told reporters that, because of a long time to use the price discount subsidy method, but led to reap expulsion of varieties. Professor Yang Zhifu, Institute of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, some places for local sector interests, or the interests of individual regions, he in order to take the national seed subsidies, so the original is not a fine, or nearly as a good variety, evaluation approved after the subsidy, so the farmers buy seeds is not actually a seed. "In fact, recent reports of such issues have been commonplace. 2008, Fengqiu County, Henan Province, a seed industry company supply of wheat seeds do not sprout, resulting in thousands of acres of land to be sown again. 2007-2008, Henan Province cotton variety subsidy area of 5.93 million acres, subsidy funds nearly 90 million yuan. In the agricultural Department of Public bidding to enter the 50 varieties, there are 50% to 80% good filling seeds did not reach the hands of farmers, and eventually back to the enterprise or the city often Yang Zhifu: "There are companies in the review process can be used as a seed (entry) subsidy, He was able to evaluate the variety of the experimental data of the field in the course of the experiment, and set it to a high yield. "Over the past few years, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tong Ping Asian researchers have two times to the State Council leading comrades to call for adjustment of subsidies." Tong Screen Asia said that the 2002 central financial input of 100 million yuan to start the test of seed subsidies, 2003 investment grew 3 times times, reached 300 million yuan. From then on he began to pay attention to the variety subsidy. 2004 Central investment 2.85 billion yuan, 2005 3.87 billion Yuan, 2006 4.154 billion Yuan, 2007 5.191 billion Yuan, 2008 close to 12 billion, accumulated has invested about 28.5 billion yuan.　　According to the survey of Tong Ping Asia, price discount subsidy is not only difficult to ensure that farmers use real good seed, but also caused the loss of state subsidy funds, and even the whole seed industry to face a crisis.　　What are the problems with the previous subsidy method compared with the direct cash supplement? Seed subsidy is a policy of benefiting farmers from 2002, and by 2008, the central government's investment in this total has reached 28.5 billion yuan, which is expected to invest more than 12 billion this year. In the implementation of direct compensation, the variety of subsidies always use the way of price discounts, that is, the short film mentioned in the preferential purchase, subsidies are not directly to farmers, but through the competent departments to organize tenders, seed companies to receive subsidies, and then sell the seeds to the farmers at discounted prices. What are the problems with this approach compared to cash direct compensation?　　To understand a case. This is a grain-producing county in the middle of Hebei province, where the reporter filmed this picture. These are over the past few years the variety of subsidies issued inventory, involving tens of millions of dollars. Local staff said that these have been confirmed by the household signature, subsidies have been put in place.　　However, a random opening of any inventory can be found, in the signature of this column, a large number of signatures obviously belong to the same handwriting. Reporter: "Do you see the font is not a person?""Finance Department head:" There are some, probably like.　　"The head of the county's agricultural authorities acknowledged that the inventory did exist, but they explained that it was due to the tight time of subsidy, the heavy workload, and the local self-examination." Head of the agricultural sector: "We've all checked the inventory." "Reporter:" a household check? "The head of the agricultural sector:" It is not possible to check a household, but a random part. Reporter: "What is the result of your spot check?" "Head of the agricultural sector:" No hedging, no hedging state funds.　　"Whether this is the case, the reporter randomly sampled this 2008 corn uniform for Seed subsidy inventory, which shows that the subsidized distribution site is a village called Longquan, the reporter took this inventory as a clue, conducted a field survey." Reporter: "Did you sign this signature?" "Longquan gu Villagers and the sea:" With the sea two words is not, the word is not I wrote. "Reporter:" The word is not you wrote? "Longquan gu Villagers and the sea:" Well. "[Page] Reporter:" Have you seen this list? "Longquan gu villagers with the sea:" No, the number of subsidies, this written with the sea is not the wrong, 40 kg, a kilogram subsidy two yuan, not right. "Have you seen this thing?" "No, I haven't seen it." "Who pressed this handprint?" "I don't know, I haven't seen this, I've never seen it, where did I get it?" "The villagers told reporters that the above farmers have their own people, but in addition to names, the subsidy area, the amount of subsidy, the farmers signed are forged." Villagers said that the village did sell preferential corn seeds last year, but the numbers were very small, and even the farmers who were able to buy them were far less than the number registered on the inventory. In the survey, the reporter also has a new discovery.　　To Zheng 958 This corn variety for example, the villagers to buy at a discount price is 1.5 Yuan 1 Jin, and then the market price is more than 2 yuan. With the sea: "Cheap a dollar, cheap eight cents is not nine cents." "Villagers Zhang Jingjun:" Cheaper than the usual seed, cheap five cents. According to the standards set by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance, the subsidy standard is 10 yuan per mu since 2004, when the corn was added to the seed subsidy program.　　To each mu of corn sowing standard dosage of 5 kg calculation, implementation to the hands of the farmers should be a subsidy of 2 yuan per catty, and in fact the villagers get only one yuan of money, then the other one Yuan money where? Agriculture Department Head: "This I can give you the guarantee, absolutely do not have this (only obtains one yuan money) situation, perhaps the peasant some not to understand very thoroughly." In the face of questioning, the head of the Agriculture department said the villagers were mistaken and could guarantee farmers a full subsidy of two yuan.　　However, the head of the financial sector inadvertently revealed that farmers are virtually impossible to enjoy full subsidies. Finance Department head: "The most inexpensive piece of a few, there is that what, a bit is that, there may be a business fee。 "Reporter:" What fee? "Finance Department head:" Business fees. Reporter: What do you call business fees? "Treasury Department head:" You see they have a document, there is a document to raise business fees.　　When the reporter asked about the specifics of the business fee, the deputy director suddenly denied it. Finance Department head: "that did not." Reporter: I remember clearly what you said just now. "Finance Department head:" That is not what I said wrong, or you understand wrong. "Studio: From the example of Hebei, we can see that the price discount subsidy operation links, the procedures are complex, it is easy to some departments and enterprises to leave space for fraud." We understand that since 2005 was included in the variety subsidy zone, the program survey of the county share by the national seed subsidy funds 9.5 million yuan, and a long time engaged in seed sales insiders told reporters, seed industry companies involved in the process of compensation tender, pay the threshold fee, business fee,　　Service charges have become public secrets. Zhang River, Henan New township Head River Seed Industry Co., Ltd., general manager, has been involved in the past few years to participate in seed subsidies business.　　After many communication, Zhangchang finally received a telephone interview. Henan Xinxiang Seed Industry Co., Ltd. General manager Zhangchang: "Why (price) high, because the bottom of all project counties, they have to mention part of the management fee."　　Zhangchang said, because the seed subsidy is to take the price discount subsidy, for the kind of enterprises in order to be able to win the bid, you need to cross the border. Zhangchang: "Anyway, most of them are now Ming, understand point, is to sign the contract with you, this part is Ming, a catty I give you how much money, such as a catty two cents."　　"Zhangchang revealed that, as there are usually many enterprises to win the bid, the final project landing also need to coordinate with the competent departments of the project area. Reporter: "How to coordinate?" Zhang Long river: is you this variety in my sell can, enter my county good fill can, but you give me how much money, they are not because the variety is good, but to see who take more money, give the area is big. "In the case of corn, the charge at the county level is 0.2 yuan per catty to 0.3 Yuan, the township again charge 0.1 yuan to 0.2 Yuan service charge, the village also charge 0.1 yuan of the cost.　　Plus the cost of shipping, advertising, packaging, loss, etc., the final costs on average to increase about 1 yuan, for the ultimate enterprise can only improve the retail price or get the national seed subsidies to recover the loss.　　and an agricultural extension station staff confirmed to reporters, because the variety is not the road, high prices, farmers are unwilling to, in the forgery inventory, many so-called varieties eventually sold to the processing plant. "Finally sell the commodity price, I do seed a friend bought, I said you bought, you deal with, he said you this piece of flour factory, you sell flour mill, you finish, you handle not finish your village leaders still don't let." "Experts suggest that in the long run, full cash payments should be realized.The drawbacks of the sale price discount, the central government this year to determine, the rice, corn varieties subsidies to take direct cash subsidies, that is, we began to see the show in the Monchey example. Subsidies for wheat, soybeans and cotton varieties can be subsidized at discounted prices, and direct cash subsidies can also be adopted.　　And some experts suggest that the implementation of cash should be accelerated, timely plugging in the loopholes in the distribution of subsidies.　　For the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Finance this year's variety subsidy guidance, the Chinese Agricultural University professor Yang Zhifu that, from now on, can try to direct cash and price subsidies in parallel, but in the long run, or to respect the views of farmers, grasp the full realization of cash straight. Yang Zhifu, professor of resources and environment, China Agricultural University: "I think the process will be as short as possible, just a little short, that is, to take this as a subsidy, and to get together with this subsidy, and then get it over in two or three years, three or four years earlier."　　"The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tong Ping Asian researchers suggested that for the beginning of this year has been determined to directly fill the corn, rice varieties of subsidies, in the mode of operation should be further refined, it should be clear that the seed subsidies directly to farmers." Researcher of Crop Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shing: "direct subsidy which said that the money can be sent to farmers by the township card, but can also be used to send a card to farmers, so that the various regions can have a variety of understanding, so that there is my township I sent to township level I sent, This town is where the money is made. "Tong Ping Asia said, if through the intermediate link, it is likely to appear new River closure."　　The most effective way is to improve the seed subsidy and grain direct compensation hook to achieve a card. Tong Screen Asia: "Now there is no competition, market competition to promote advanced, good varieties are competitive, not subsidized."　　"And in the long run, Tong Ping Asia believes that the most fundamental solution is to consider raising food prices, grain acquisition price up 0.1 yuan, it is better than 10 times times the benefits of seed subsidies, give full play to the regulation mechanism of the market, preferential farmers, rich rural areas, promote agriculture. Tong Ping Asia: "If you can raise a few cents this grain production will increase, but it is (someone) said that this is not the impact of urban people's lives, but really counted up, that affect the city is only a part of the minimum subsistence, we 800 million of farmers with this less than 30 million subsistence farmers, We sent him a food subsidy coupon is very few very few, I think the country consider this subsidy policy, raise food prices, our food prices are too low. "Half an hour observation: direct complement, realize the original intention of the benefit of the benefit of better variety, improve the efficiency of agricultural production, increase the income of farmers, this would have been a great many good policy." But we see in the program, because the previous improved seed subsidy policy in the design of defects in the implementation process, there are loopholes, the result of these goals did not have a real realization. From the county to the village, from breeding to selling species, are playing the idea of a variety subsidy. As a result, farmers were notBenefits, the promotion of improved varieties is also greatly discounted. We can criticize those unscrupulous businessmen who, of course, should be condemned. But more importantly, we should think about how the system design led to this behavior. For the variety subsidy, a good system should let the central government's investment to the maximum function, as far as possible, every penny spent on the blade. The previous system design obviously did not achieve this effect. Professor Yang Zhifu and Professor Tong Ping Asia agree that direct cash subsidies are a better institutional arrangement.　　A document issued by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture in March this year also shows that the variety subsidy is being transited from sales discount subsidies to direct cash subsidies. In fact, compared with the complex sales discount subsidy method, the direct complement way is simpler and clearer, the operation link cost is lower, is a kind of real can realize the multi-party win mode. Some people questioned that the direct supplement can not guarantee farmers this money to buy varieties. However, the choice of the right to the farmers, always better than let each intermediate layer skinner, so that farmers can not choose much stronger, the real good seed is not subsidized, but in the market competition out.