Experts on superbugs and antibiotic abuse urged to build global monitoring system

A ghost is wandering the world.　　From India, Pakistan and other South Asia to the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada and other European and American countries, the Spectre is invincible, so far has captured more than 170 people, of which there are 5 deaths in Britain alone. The Wraith are actually a super germ. Originally, antibiotics are the main weapon for human to resist the disease of bacterial infection. But the superbugs can almost withstand all antibiotics.　　The paper, published August 11, 2010 in The Lancet, a medical authority magazine, confirms this. The authors are from Cardiff University, the British Health Protection Agency and the University of Madras, India. They also claim that, unlike other germs, the menacing superbugs have a more lethal variant of the gene.　　They named it "New Delhi metal Hydroxyethyl Beta cyclodextrin 1" (referred to as NDM-1). The potential danger is clear and frightening in fact, as early as 2008, Timothy Vols, who led the study, had noticed the Wraith.　　A medical expert at Cardiff University in the UK found that in South Asia, such as India, a kind of superbugs began to spread among people. Generally speaking, the superbugs refer to some drug-resistant bacteria, they can cause abscess, blister in person, gradually let human muscle necrosis. Common sterilization drugs, such as antibiotics, are difficult to effect on superbugs.　　Patients often cause inflammation, fever, convulsions, coma and even death because they have no cure. At present, the most common superbugs are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).　　The bacteria can cause a variety of infections, can resist the most effective antibiotics and drugs, has caused tens of thousands of of people infected. The 37-year-old Swedish Man, Ed, was the first patient diagnosed with NDM-1 infection.　　The unfortunate man, who had travelled in India on his own, had been hospitalized with an arm injury and had contracted the superbugs. In the summer of 2009, Walsh confirmed the presence of the superbugs from Ed's infected Escherichia coli, Bacillus pneumoniae, and named it NDM-1. The protease NDM-1 is "very powerful" and can be found in mitochondrial DNA structures of different bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus pneumoniae.　　Once these normal bacteria are contaminated with NDM-1, they become powerful and can easily replicate and spread between bacteria.　　In early 2010, Walsh's team worked with researchers at the University of Madras in India to confirm 44 patients in the fourth largest city of Chennai, 26 in Haryana, and 37 in the UK.　　Among them, 17 people in the UK have travelled to India or Pakistan over the past year for medical treatment, and other patients have travelled or visited relatives in the two countries. To make the worst of it, the Wraith are still moving forward. This June, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found 3 cases of NDM-1 confirmed cases.　　Canada, Australia, the Netherlands and other land have been found infected. The latest case is August 13, when a Belgian man was declared dead in a hospital in Brussels. He wasA car accident in Pakistan has infected NDM-1 after being treated for leg injuries. In the TV lens, the attending doctor appears helpless and sad.　　Although he has used powerful antibiotics for the patient, he is still unable to prevent this death. In a serious tone, Walsh points out that the potential danger of such superbugs spreading on a global scale is "clear and frightening". "Because this enzyme can be transferred between bacteria and bacteria, we are concerned that it appears on some flora that can cause serious infections," he said. This could eventually lead to the rapid spread of some diseases of the human infection that are almost impossible to treat.　　David Livermore, of the British Health and Environmental Protection Agency, said in a media interview.　　Ghosts are related to the overuse of antibiotics over the years. It seems that the Wraith are much more powerful than their former peers. "Now there is no foolproof way to kill NDM-1. "said Walsh.　　Currently, there are only two kinds of antibiotics for the superbugs, but the infected bacteria quickly become resistant to both antibiotics. Xu Jianguo, director of infectious disease prevention and control at CDC in China, explains that the killer of the superbugs is that it has a new gene that allows normal bacteria to produce proteins.　　This substance, called an enzyme, decomposes antibiotics, so the antibiotics fail. "In the case of research, NDM-1 is a movable genetic factor, that is, it can pass through bacteria, make more bacteria more resistant, and have a wide range of drug resistance." This is the fatal place.　　"Xu Jianguo said. The Wraith's immunity to antibiotics is also a lethal weapon. Today, antibiotics are almost used to treat most bacterial infectious diseases.　　As metabolites or synthetic analogues of microorganisms, antibiotics can inhibit the growth and survival of pathogens without serious side effects on the human body. Recently, the British Health Ministry announced that Britain has begun to discuss the development of new antibiotics against ghosts.　　But many scientists are pessimistic about this, and they don't think there will be any new antibiotics available for NDM-1 in 10 years. They are even concerned that the emergence of NDM-1 is inextricably linked to the abuse of antibiotics over the years.　　For more than half a century, a wide variety of antibiotics have been created, and some bacteria have been screened to show strong resistance. The emergence of MRSA is an example. Staphylococcus aureus is a very common bacteria, the infection will cause a person's skin long sores and pimples, serious can cause pneumonia or blood infection. This pathogen-induced infection is commonly used to treat penicillin-like antibiotics, most of which are effective. But some Staphylococcus aureus strains have been resistant to methicillin, becoming MRSA.　　Such germs can cause deep infection, causing severe and even fatal inflammation.　　The World Health Organization has also warned that the increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant infections around the world has made it difficult to cure once treatable diseases. The Wraith are a good gun at best, but they're a lot more lethal. As Walsh feared,The spectre caused a great psychological panic. There have been no confirmed cases of NDM-1 infection in China, but it has become a popular word on the Internet. Some Chinese netizens even set up the "Super Germs" webpage. They began to talk about the fear of the SARS period.　　Some people even shout "2012 really come", others start to buy masks, hand sanitizer and other daily necessities. Xu Jianguo denies the similarities between NDM-1 and SARS. He thought the two were completely different in nature. NDM-1 resistance is basically transmitted between bacteria within the human body, allowing bacteria to produce stronger resistance to the outside world and not to produce new diseases.　　The SARS virus is a new coronavirus that can spread between humans and humans and animals. "NDM-1 is a good gun at most, but it's very lethal."　　Xu Jianguo a simple analogy. Still, Walsh called for a global surveillance system that is desperately needed to identify NDM-1 infections as quickly as possible.　　Pittaut, a scholar at the University of Calgary in Canada, also held a special lecture calling on foreigners who had been treated in hospitals in India and Pakistan to go to a hospital for screening before returning home.　　A few episodes have emerged. In early August, the British Ministry of Health issued a warning to NDM-1 and prompted its visitors to try not to travel South Asia. In this connection, the Ministry of Health in India issued a statement on the British Medical Journal of the Lancet published a report, the source of the super bacteria to point to India dissatisfaction, and strongly protested the British Ministry of Health warning.　　Some angry Indian lawmakers have even questioned that the Lancet was sponsored by a multinational pharmaceutical agency, so the study "may even be an evil conspiracy designed by multinational companies to destroy the rise of India as a new tourist country". "In the end NDM-1 will spread to what extent?" "Under political pressure, scientists are beginning to maintain a cautious attitude of silence," he said.　　In an e-mail to reporters from China Youth Daily, Walsh said he could not and could not answer the dire assumption.　　However, there are also gratifying circumstances. When a 66-year-old Indian male patient was hospitalized in Hong Kong last October, an E. coli containing NDM-1 was found in a urine sample.　　Fortunately, the bacteria on his body reacted to the oral antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infections, and have now recovered. The bacterium is found in a French hospital on August 15 in a skin sample of a victim. However, these NDM-1 plants seem to have no effective resistance to several drugs. The doctor smiled at the camera and said, "This patient is as healthy as a cow!" "(Zhou Kaili)