Five difficult problems to be solved for electric business giants to invest hot fresh electricity

Since 2013, the cold chain industry due to the intervention of the electric business giant became lively-cat, Rookie, Jingdong, Suning easy to buy, Shun Fung optimization and other enterprises announced or have invested heavily in the construction of cold chain logistics. Zhangzidao Island, Yurun Food and other food enterprises, it is the operation of their own to paste the label of the cold chain to seize more market share.

What is the cold chain is a kind of industry, the electric business giants why invariably sought after, even have "electric dealer does not do raw and so on death, did the fresh death" such radical assertion?

"Daily economic news" reporter in the interview found that the cold chain industry prospects, rapid development trend. At the same time, the industry is full of challenges, difficulties and frustration, some companies have not seen the dawn, then fell on the way forward.

To do or not to make fresh cold chain, for the electric business, is no longer a difficult choice.

"Daily Economic news" reporter survey learned that in the past two years, the electricity business launched the cold chain industry investment boom, the direct reason is the time and tide formation. The so-called weather, refers to the rapid advancement of Chinese urbanization, the general increase in consumer consumption, the higher quality of fresh food consumption needs to improve; the so-called geographical location, is the unique advantages of the electric business, such as logistics advantages, the broad advantages of consumer groups, reduce the intermediate links, reduce costs and improve gross margin.

Giants scramble to lay cold chains

April 2013, 1th stores on the line Fresh category "No. 1th Orchard", this April, its own vegetables also officially on the line, vegetable category to supply chain requirements higher, 1th shop using self-built cold chain (accounted for 70%) and outsourcing way to carry out the whole cold chain transport.

July 2013, the cat announced the test aquatic fresh cold chain logistics, with the third party logistics enterprises, the cold chain transport, high-end express, home, aviation and other logistics resources unified integration in a platform, part of the whole line of cold chain distribution, the other is a semi-cold chain of "two-segment distribution", relying on business-to-business cold chain between the city transport, with " The last kilometer of the landing complete cold chain curtilage.

With in July 2013, Suning easy to buy the official line "Yangchenghu hairy Crabs", through the cold chain transport to achieve the national next single distribution. Suning also said that in the future it is possible to build a cold chain warehouse and logistics distribution system.

As early as July 2012, Jingdong has officially launched the fresh Channel, September 2013, and the on-line proprietary fresh channel. It is understood that its fresh channel cold chain distribution generally take the form of cooperation with third parties (including Shun Fong and fast line) of the way, and fresh-self channels to take the form of cold chain logistics, the consumer control system is divided into urban distribution + "last kilometer" two links.

In addition to platform-type electricity quotient, the vertical class electric trader also is not outdone.

May 31, 2012, Shun Fung-Yun's Global food optimization network shopping mall shun Fung Optimization officially online, covering fresh food and other nine categories, more than 70% for imported food. By the end of 2013, its cold chain fresh products have covered Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other 11 cities. Shun Fung optimization of fresh food relying on the implementation of the "whole cold chain distribution", that is, when the commodity left the reservoir area after sorting and packaging operation venues with temperature control conditions, load temperature box transport, the delivery of goods into the insulation bag door-to-door send.

October 17, 2013, specializing in the provision of raw and fresh goods of the consumer Online mall Tuo Tuo, for the National 32 cities officially opened cold chain logistics raw goods distribution services, in addition to the Beijing outside the fresh business and third party logistics cooperation, the whole cold chain service.

Guotai Securities analyst Huang Kun in a research paper, said platform-type electric dealers prefer the original business-to-business cold chain business extension of Third-party Logistics, using the existing business-to-business distribution network, in the main suppliers and sales outlets between the logistics distribution, downward extension of the business, the third party logistics enterprises, such as the representative of the fast line. Compared with the self-built cold chain direct distribution system, the operation cost of this type of model is lower, the product price is cheap (about 50% cheaper than the direct mode), but due to the use of a large number of third-party cooperation mode in the terminal delivery link, the response time is longer, the service quality is obviously inferior to the enterprise of the cold chain. Vertical electric operators such as Shun Fung optimization and Tuo tuo industry is preferred by the construction of the cold chain direct distribution system, from the site to the end of the need for distribution of cold storage, refrigerated vehicles, refrigerators, refrigerators, all their own purchase, and responsible for operating services, the advantage is a short response time, good service quality, the disadvantage is the high cost of distribution.

"Blue sea" in the eye of the cold chain

June 19 morning, engaged in the ice fish Business Jianhaiping (alias) from Foshan Dali Seafood wholesale Market wholesale 10 tons of fresh octopus, after packing, he contacted the logistics company's refrigerated car, after nearly 2 hours of transportation, arrived in southern Guangzhou Fanyu District Silver Road 20th, Yushan Mountain cold storage, and during this period he should always beware of the driver, Prevent it from shutting down the chilled air conditioner.

Subsequently, wrapped in large cotton-padded yushan Mountain Refrigerator Forklift Master will be removed, deposited into the warehouse of Yushan mountain cold storage, marking good location and quality. In Yushan Mountain Cold store open goods store invoices, Jianhaiping back to Yushan Mountain Cold storage Office, call the surrounding market fresh products customers, customers wholesale part of the octopus sold to the market around the consumer.

The above work of Jianhaiping is the general flow of cold chain transportation. Narrow-sense cold chain, namely the low temperature supply chain of agricultural and sideline products, refers to agricultural and sideline products from production, processing, storage transportation, sales, to the various links before consumption is always in the prescribed low temperature environment, to ensure food quality, prevent food decay deterioration of the supply chain. Broadly speaking, the cold chain is not only about agricultural and sideline products, but also includes drugs, chemical agents and other special requirements for temperature.

"The goods will pull a car come over, put in the cold storage slowly sell," June 25 afternoon, Jianhaiping to the "Daily economic news" reporter frankly, nearly two years, because the market competition is more intense, downstream orders tepid, and cold storage fixed cost is not low, including shop rent for 2000 yuan/month, refrigerated goods cost 3.5 yuan/ton/day, Business is not very good to do.

In fact, in the traditional cold chain business unaware, including Ma's Day Cat and rookie, Liu's Beijing-east and other electric giants are constantly overweight cold chain fresh field.

"Cold chain fresh this piece, is basically the electric business of the blue Ocean and Pure land, because the traditional electric business areas such as clothing, electronics and so do almost, cut into other areas and face serious competition pressure." "Shanghai Jinjiang low Temperature Logistics Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jinjiang Cryogenic company) food supply chain Marketing director Zheng to the daily economic news reporter said." Jinjiang Cryogenic Company is the industry's largest cold chain logistics enterprises.

Analysis from the prospective Industry Research Institute shows that China is now the world's largest agricultural production and consumption, the annual vegetable production accounted for about 59% of global production, fruit and meat production accounted for 46%, eggs and aquatic product production accounted for 35%.

In sharp contrast to the output and consumption, China's cold chain logistics is at a very low level. The prospective industry research Institute's data show that China's railway refrigeration transport facilities are very old, most of them are mechanical type of quick-frozen wagon, lack of standard insulation type of fresh frozen transport compartment, refrigerated food volume accounted for only 1% of the total cargo volume. In road transport, the perishable food refrigeration transport only accounted for 20% of the total number of shipments, The other 80% were transported by ordinary trucks.

It is noteworthy that the cold storage rate of the developed countries is 80%~100% and the refrigerated transport rate is 80%~90%. This means that if China's chilled logistics level can keep up with the developed countries, there will be a huge incremental space.

Cold Chain consumption Demand promotion

The cold chain industry broke out in the last two years, which is driven by the development stage of China's economy and the change of residents ' consumption structure.

Guangzhou Fisherman Wharf Investment Management Co., Ltd operations director Rozhi told the Daily economic news reporter that the degree of urbanization and consumer living standards, consumer food consumption structure has also changed, meat products, dairy products, fruits and vegetables and cold drinks and other perishable food consumption increased, the cold chain logistics increased demand, " For example, Guangzhou here more and more people like to eat salmon, they need to be refrigerated directly from the Nordic side of the delivery.

Recently, the Ministry of Commerce's important commodity Research and Prediction Center director Zhao Yumin released a group of data shows that in the past 5 years, China's imports of food size increased by 21.2% per cent, more than the same period of 3.2% increase in imports, food trade deficit continued to expand, 5 years of food imports expanded 2.3 times times. Imports of food, nearly 5 years of beef, pork, mutton imports of annual growth rate of more than 40%, especially beef annual growth of up to 115%.

A large number of imported fresh food, food processing logistics and business enterprises put forward higher requirements, but also constantly improve the cold chain industry standards.

Rozhi that many of the electric dealers involved in the field of fresh cold chain because of its logistics advantages, can reduce the "Maur" intermediate links, reduce costs, improve gross margin.

Jing Dong Cold chain Distribution related responsible person analysis points out, according to international standards, urbanization rate of more than 50%, per capita GDP of more than 4000 U.S. dollars, is the cold chain food demand for rapid growth of a symbol. China's GDP per capita reached $5450 trillion in 2012, and the urbanization rate reached 52.6%, already exceeding this standard. In addition, with the maturity of the logistics system and the application of new technology, the logistics cost of the cold chain has been significantly reduced.

Hong Kong Heng Tai Group (00197,HK) subsidiary Jintao Fruit and Vegetable Logistics Co., Ltd. Marketing Director Wang Wenqing that the new generation of residents living consumption patterns change, but also promote the cold chain industry rapid development. After all, these white-collar workers prefer supermarkets, fresh frozen goods home with consumption is more acceptable than their parents.

"Like other products, fresh electricity business is convenient, and fresh is the necessities of life, the distribution of fresh electricity dealers to a large extent to reduce the consumer's travel time, saving the time cost of consumers." "The Daily economic news," said Su Ning, a fresh person in charge, told an interview.

Support Policy Continuous

"Cold chain These years so hot, but also with the country for the whole cold chain and the promotion of food safety standards are closely related." "Zheng to the Daily economic news," said the food rot and spoilage is the main cause of food safety accidents.

Public information shows that the state of food safety standards continue to overweight. February 2009, the National People's Congress voted to adopt food safety as the theme of the Law "Food Safety Law", July 2009 State Council promulgated the "Food Safety Law Implementation Regulations", June 2012, the State Council issued the "National Food Safety Supervision system" Twelve-Five "planning", November 2013 18 Plenary, "the CPC Central Committee on the Comprehensive deepening of the reform of a number of major issues important decision" further calls for the protection of Food and drug safety.

The State for the development of cold chain industry also issued a specific policy. June 2010, the NDRC issued "agricultural products cold chain logistics development plan", put forward to 2015 China's fruits and vegetables, meat, aquatic products cold chain circulation rate reached 20%, 30% and 36%, the refrigerated transport rate was raised to 30%, 50% and 65% respectively, the circulation of product decay rate decreased to 15%, 8% and 10% below. "National New Town Planning (2014-2020 years)" also mentioned that to co-ordinate the planning of agricultural market circulation Network layout, the focus on supporting important agricultural products distribution center, the dominant agricultural production area of the wholesale market, and to improve the coverage of agricultural products collection, storage, processing, transportation and sales of the cold chain logistics system, Accelerate the development of agricultural products e-commerce, reduce circulation costs.

Suning buyers said that the 2014 central document stressed the development of agricultural products online trading, and further promote the electric business enterprises to the fresh market expectations.

"Fresh is a part of the daily life of consumers, consumers of fresh spending is also more fixed, which for the electric business Enterprise is a business opportunity, who can be in the fresh market for their own cake, who in the fresh industry occupies a certain position." Suning easy to buy fresh head to reporters said.

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Related listed Companies

The large-scale investment of the cold chain by the downstream enterprises represented by the electric power company has directly driven the demand of the whole industry, especially the cold chain equipment. and cold chain equipment enterprises can be divided into five categories, the first type is to do refrigeration equipment core parts compressor enterprises; The second type is the downstream of the compressor, such as ice-making machine enterprises; The third category is the enterprise that can provide the whole refrigeration equipment, the fourth kind is the cold chain transportation related enterprise, the fifth kind is the refrigerated warehouse construction enterprise. For different types of enterprises, the daily economic news reporter selected the typical individuals, the latest dynamic of their investigation and interview.

Han Zhong Precision machine: Deep middle and small cold storage

Data show that the Han-Chung Precision Machine (002158,SZ) is mainly engaged in screw compressors, the corresponding technology research and development, production and sales and after-sales service, the main products include screw-type/centrifugal refrigeration compressors, screw refrigeration compressors, screw-type air compressors.

Han-chung Precision machine July 7 in the interactive platform for investor relations, said that under the national policy planning, cold chain logistics is a key item, especially small and medium-sized cold storage demand is very large, it is worth the company plowing, and strive to make it another new growth point of the company.

It is noteworthy that the small and medium-sized cold storage, is precisely the Han clock precision machine to pursue the main strategy of alienation competition, the competition of the big cold, Yantai ice wheel is good at large cold storage.

Han Zhong Precision Machine Securities Department told the Daily Economic news reporter, the next few years, the entire refrigeration industry about 20% growth rate, "we hope to reach about 30% annual growth, this is a company set a goal." ”

Huatai Securities analyst Xu Caihua has said that the small and medium-sized cold storage market is in rapid growth period, China's cold chain Home distribution network is basically from zero, home with the required small and medium-sized cold storage investment scale, easy to volume, so the rise of fresh electricity will drive the growth of small and medium-sized cold storage construction.

According to Huatai securities calculation, cold chain home with the need for small and medium-sized cold storage scale in 2015 years ago will reach 9 million ~1200 million tons, investment scale of 27 billion ~360 billion. At the same time, because the cold chain Home distribution network in 2013 years only initial start-up, so the next 2-3 years is the demand for small and medium-sized cold storage explosion. As suitable for small and medium-sized cold storage compressor type, semi-closed piston machine, small screw machine and so on in the next three years is expected to maintain more than 50% of the growth rate.

Snowman shares: Business extends upstream

On the basis of consolidating the original ice-making business, The Snowman shares (002639,SZ) planned to move towards the condensing unit in early June.

June 9 Night, the Snowman shares issued a private stock plan, the company intends to raise capital of not more than 433.6 million yuan for investment in frozen refrigeration compression condensing unit assembly and ancillary projects and supplementary liquidity. Snowman shares Dong Zhou Weixian in the "Daily economic news" reporter interview, said the company optimistic about the development of the cold chain industry prospects.

Snowman shares in the capital market at the end of 2011. The main business for the ice, bin, ice-making equipment and systems research and development, production and sales, is China's largest ice-making equipment and ice system manufacturers and suppliers.

Snowman shares in the announcement that in the context of the huge market demand, China's cold chain logistics industry has faced significant development opportunities, especially for has begun to build its own cold chain systems, refrigeration equipment design and production enterprises, temperature control logistics system to provide and maintain enterprises to provide a huge business opportunities.

While bullish on the future of the industry, Zhou Weixian is also concerned about some of the industry's current situation. In his opinion, there are some challenges such as low refrigeration efficiency, nonstandard industry standard and not completely solve the problem of energy saving and environmental protection.

Yantai Ice wheel: popularizing new refrigeration system

Yantai Ice Wheel (000811,SZ) is a comprehensive refrigeration equipment enterprise, the company is promoting the new equipment called "NH3/CO2 Cascade refrigeration System", can solve the Zhou Weixian mentioned energy-saving environmental problems. According to Yantai Ice wheel dong Sun Xiuxin introduced, the new equipment is "carbon dioxide refrigeration system to replace ammonia refrigeration system." ”

Scientific research shows that the commonly used refrigeration substances freon to the ozone layer has a greater destructive effect, the world is gradually banned this refrigerant. Ammonia in the industrial and commercial refrigeration application of a wide range of low-cost, excellent performance and other characteristics, but its Achilles heel is flammable, toxic, easy to lead to safety accidents.

The potential risk of ammonia refrigerant caused the industry to ponder, research and development of ammonia refrigeration system replacement technology is imminent. The successful launch of Yantai ice Wheel "NH3/CO2 Cascade refrigeration System" is a great progress in this field. Sun Xiuxin told reporters that Yantai ice wheel has been promoting the product overseas.

It is reported that this kind of cascade refrigeration system will also use ammonia, but the injection volume is only one-tenth of the original, safety can be better protected. Carbon dioxide refrigerants have no destructive effect on ozone, and almost no greenhouse effect.

Dongxing Securities mentioned in a research report, Yantai Ice Wheel of the new products to significantly reduce the use of ammonia, with safety, environmental protection, energy-saving advantages. The late operating cost of the system is low, but the initial investment is less than 30% higher than ammonia refrigeration cost.

In February this year, the Zhangzidao Island Central Refrigeration Logistics project, which was built by Zhangzidao Island group, Japan Water Supply Co., Ltd., was constructed by Yantai ice Wheel, which is the largest refrigeration logistics project in China currently using carbon dioxide refrigeration system.

Big cold shares: whole industry chain layout

Large-cold shares (000530,SZ) products related to industrial refrigeration, refrigeration, central and commercial air-conditioning and other fields, the company said "covering the key areas of the refrigeration industry chain, to create China's most complete hot and cold industrial chain."

The so-called "most complete" refers to the company's large and medium-sized cold storage unit docking cold chain trunk construction, the joint venture Sanyo Compressor Vortex machine, semi-closed piston machine supply small and medium-sized cold storage and refrigerated vehicle units, Sanyo cold chain of the cold storage project coverage of the supermarket cooling chain market.

Company Dong Song Wenbao in the daily economic news reporter interview, said the big cold shares is an old company, product layout at present no change.

However, the reporter also noted that Song Wenbao July has said that, Ling-heavy iceberg Refrigeration (Dalian) Co., Ltd. is currently under planning, the second half is expected to start production. The company is mainly engaged in the manufacture, sale and service of centrifugal chiller, its capital is 80 million yuan, Mitsubishi Heavy industry occupies 55% shares, the big cold shares accounted for 45%.

Song Wenbao told reporters that the company's development of the cold chain industry is full of confidence, will be actively concerned about the development of the industry.

Futian Auto: Develop custom refrigerated vehicle market

Fukuda Motor (600166,SH) is one of the early companies involved in cold chain cars.

June 29, Futian business car with its cold chain industry customized refrigerated vehicles in Shanghai for the first time to meet with consumers. It is understood that the car has a good fresh-keeping performance and bearing capacity, is Fukuda automobile expansion of the cold chain logistics industry new initiatives.

Public information shows that more types of Fukuda refrigerated vehicles, small refrigerated vehicles for the representative of the model has Futian era, the length of the van is about 2.6 meters, this series of models are mainly used in some urban and township supermarkets, hotels, guesthouses refrigerated frozen food logistics and distribution.

A larger number of models have Fukuda Oumacho refrigerated vehicles, the length of the cargo compartment between 4 meters ~4.2 meters. In addition, there are some refrigerated vehicles belonging to the heavy Truck series, such as Forda ETX refrigerated cars, the trunk length is longer, this medium heavy refrigeration car owners to apply to some long-distance transport.

Fukuda, the head of the brand in March this year in the seven national refrigeration transport and cold storage Summit Forum said that this year, the Austrian Bell established 100,000 sales target, special vehicle market is an important growth point, especially the cold chain logistics market is the key to open up the market.

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Fresh cold chain trap "five faces ambush" Blue Ocean and the Dead Sea only a line apart

"Blue sea" deep and distant, give people unlimited imagination, "Blue sea" full of unknown and wind and waves, a little careless, will become a frightening "Dead Sea", let the Voyager ship destroyed death. Cold chain industry is such a blue ocean.

In the eyes of the industry, the cold chain has a bright future, but it is also a difficult "bone". Shanghai Jinjiang Low Temperature Logistics Development Co., Ltd. Food supply chain marketing director Zheng said that at present, the electric business of cold chain business accounted for a very small, domestic cold chain industry concentration is very low, the size of the enterprise is small. One of the important reasons is that the "fresh aspect of cold chain management is a very difficult business module."

At present, in addition to a small number of powerful electric dealers from the construction of cold chain logistics, other electric operators are to take the form of cooperation with Third-party logistics. Generally speaking, the fresh electricity dealer now has "five faces ambush" to be broken: the durability requirement is difficult, the cost is high, the upstream cold storage structural flaw, "the last kilometer" and the reverse logistics, as well as the industry standard flaw. Only cracked this "five-face ambush", the fresh electricity business may truly usher in a broad blue ocean.

Fresh and demanding

Shun Fung Fast transport its flagship gourmet shopping mall shun Fung Optimization, in the investment to try the aquatic fresh electricity dealers found that the challenge is actually just beginning.

According to Shun Fung Optimization President Tri Xiaoxi introduced, Shun Fung currently has air charter and other rapid logistics system, and investment in the construction of large capital cold warehouse, and procurement of a large number of refrigerated boxes, freezers, ice boxes, cold packs, insulation bags and other temperature control equipment. Tri Xiaoxi Frankly, fresh products storage is difficult to store, because the current domestic many cold construction behind up to the standard, so choose to build a cold storage. At present, Shun Fung optimization in Beijing, Jiaxing and Guangzhou set up 3 warehouses, each warehouse is divided into 5 temperature zones, including room temperature area 0℃~30℃, cold storage area 0℃~8℃, cold storage area 8℃~10℃, frozen area -18℃, constant temperature and humidity zone 15℃~18℃, and equipped with -60℃ freezer, temperature range of 90 ℃, To meet the storage requirements of the whole category of food, and for each commodity has developed a different standardized storage mode.

Shun Fung preferred people said, to Litchi as an example, in the Litchi before the line, Shun Fong for its 1-month test, found that the best preservation of litchi temperature between 5℃~15℃, and transport in the process of collision, squeeze easily cause decay. In response to the above phenomenon, shun Fong in the Litchi packing box to increase the cold chain transport equipment: Ice packs for cooling preservation, foam box for isolation insulation, blister box for the retention of Litchi position, and prevent the Litchi and ice pack direct contact with frostbite.

In addition, blueberries, strawberries and other fruit-like fruits are not easy to save, Shun Fung preferred to introduce, through the experiment, using a package of two-layer way to save the blueberry, the package inside need to have ventilation holes to ensure fruit breathing. In addition, the maturity of the need for manual quality inspection, the company requested manufacturers to send blueberries can not be cooked, but relatively mature, not only to ensure a certain amount of storage time, but also to ensure that the hands of customers to eat right. The choice of way, can not directly contact with the fruit, this easily damage fruit or make the fruit is not fresh.

Tri Xiaoxi said, for the origin of goods not in storage, through the rapid logistics system, such as Shun Fung Airlines, to achieve 24-hour direct access to users, in order to ensure freshness, if the weather is not good and other external factors, will be delayed picking fresh goods, to avoid delays in the logistics process.

In the case of Litchi, after picking up Litchi, Shun Fung preferred to send refrigerated vehicles to the local receiving, and sent to the local airport, from the airport installed directly to the destination, and then sent a special refrigerated vehicle transport. Because it is direct mining, it will be directly in the local Litchi retail packaging, delivery to the destination, the product will be delivered directly to each distribution site, each distribution site to use the insulation box Ice plate preservation mode, the final packaging products delivered to consumers.

For the goods in storage, Tri Xiaoxi said, the same city package of the receiving time is usually not more than 24 hours, the receiving time of different parcels usually not more than 72 hours.

In order to solve the problem of rapid logistics, suning easy to buy fresh in charge of the daily economic news reporter said, suning is now easy to buy through the integration with the refrigeration chain service capabilities of the logistics company to make up for the cold chain logistics short board, will soon be built from the cold chain warehouse and logistics distribution system.

The later self-owned mode, will be taken by Suning easy to purchase the operation of the early stage of sales work, order flow to manufacturers, by the manufacturers responsible for distribution. In the quality preservation, suning easy to purchase integrated supply chain, logistics and distribution, and third-party logistics companies to ensure the fastest time to complete delivery services.

Leafy vegetables also have transport preservation problems, such as the once sensational "Poly Land" project, in the attempt to fresh vegetables transport fresh, because of lack of experience encountered some minor problems.

In March this year, Zhejiang hexing Electronic Commerce Co., Ltd. has carried out a new attempt of "land electric Quotient" in Jixi County Hu Lake, Anhui province. The model is also known as "Poly Land", at least 580 yuan for the public to become a "privately-tailored" farmer, enjoying 1-point crop ownership for 1 years.

This model increases the income of farmers, but also allows city people to eat the rest of the food vegetables, but in the first vegetable transport, there is a problem.

Hu Hu Xiaoquang, secretary of the Village party branch, told reporters that at that time sent out is the package vegetables (cabbage), morning picking, afternoon packaging, and then sent to Huangshan shipments, the entire mailing process will take about two or three days. Unfortunately, that day is catching up with the rain, vegetables contain more water, we have not enough experience, such as the delivery of the past, the road away from the broken. Finally, the company had to reissue it once.

In fact, although the lesson learned, the operator bought energy-saving nitrogen machine, freezer (making insurance ice packs) and inflatable cushioning packaging machine, but the current problem of leaf vegetables remain unresolved, operators have to mail more easily preserved tomatoes, cucumbers and other products.

High cost of logistics

Cold chain fresh products of transport costs than conventional transport to be higher, to achieve more competitive prices, the need for centralized procurement, but centralized procurement if the preservation is not good loss, therefore, the high cost is also a cold chain electric business needs to consider the problem.

"It's really hard to make a fresh electric dealer, and it's not the blue ocean we imagined." "Tri Xiaoxi to the daily economic news reporter said," Cold chain threshold is very high, how to send the freshest products to the hands of consumers, these costs may not be the average electric dealer can withstand. ”

Suning easy to buy cold chain distribution responsible also have the same feeling, "fresh products for logistics and distribution requirements are very high, both to keep food fresh, but also to ensure the speed of delivery, the most common way is the cold chain logistics." But the cold chain logistics is more complicated than the normal room temperature logistics system, the construction investment cost is big, it is a huge system engineering. ”

Suning easy to buy fresh head of the owner frankly, to the electrical business, fresh goods sold back and exchange is the biggest problem, "in the purchase of fresh goods, consumers may not be satisfied with fresh quality and return, which will undoubtedly increase operating costs." ”

As a result of the cold chain fresh products high cost problem, Shun Fung optimization at the beginning of the establishment of the positioning to do the high-end fresh food.

"Layout in the high-end, 70% is the high-end imported food, which is conducive to ensuring food safety, but also conducive to consumers for better quality products to pay, take some differentiated routes." Tri Xiaoxi said, because cold chain fresh products relatively high logistics costs, "including cold chain transportation and distribution costs, according to product structure and price, the average customer price of 200 yuan, to ensure profitability." ”

For centralized procurement and return issues, Tri Xiaoxi said, the current company focused on procurement mainly in frozen meat, seafood, stored in the 18 ℃ cold storage, longer shelf life.

"Even if the preservation conditions are very good, but some fruits, vegetables are very easy to deteriorate, if the preservation method, transport method is improper, the loss is very large, can reach almost 20%." "Tri Xiaoxi points out. Because the vegetable fruit refrigeration cost is higher, and is more likely to damage, at present cannot achieve the centralized purchase, can only take the subregion Origin direct supply form.

For centralized procurement and durability issues, Jing Dong Fresh distribution Responsible person said, "This is not a difficult problem for the east, Jingdong itself has a huge flow of consumers, turnover is much better than other electric dealers, in addition, the BoE will be through pre-sale, direct sales and other means to reduce inventory, improve turnover." ”

Structural shortage of cold storage

In the interview process, the cold chain of the upper reaches of the refrigerator structural deficiencies are not open to practitioners barriers.

"Cold storage is a scarce resource, the demand for cold storage is very large, far from satisfied, such as our cold storage belongs to medium-sized scale, those big supermarkets such as Metro, Canton Bai goods have to negotiate with us, hope to cooperate." "Guangzhou Fisherman's Wharf Investment Management Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Fisherman's Wharf) operations director Rozhi to the daily economic news reporter said."

Rozhi that the cold storage in the Cold-chain logistics, especially in the production and processing, storage, transportation, etc., are playing the core role of the equipment.

Rozhi introduced, Fisherman's Wharf has more than 4,000 square meters of cold storage, began mainly to do seafood refrigeration, and then many supermarkets and hotels have rented the company's cold storage, "supermarkets, hotels and other large cold storage, only some of the day-to-day emergency refrigeration facilities, need to lease the cold storage outside." ”

Jintao fruits and Vegetables Logistics Co., Ltd. Wang Wenqing to the "Daily economic news" reporter said, "Our company in Shandong, Hunan and other areas have 8 vegetable base, with the seasonal changes with vegetables for processing and trafficking, supply more than 200 restaurants in Hong Kong, the mainland also has a number of hotels began to use our vegetables." ”

"If there are no matching cold and refrigerated cars, cabbage will start rotting more than 10 hours, the consequences are difficult to imagine." Wang Wenqing said that many of the agricultural base to grow vegetables is due to the lack of cold storage, resulting in herd concentrated harvest, but also because of the lack of local cold storage, can not be the wrong peak sales to avoid competition, the emergence of vegetables cheap injury farmers, and the situation of the farmers.

Wang Wenqing said that the current domestic cold storage construction There is a focus on meat cold storage, despise fruit and vegetable cold storage, pay attention to the city management-type cold storage, contempt of origin processing cold storage construction.

According to statistics, due to the lack of cold storage, domestic perishable foods, frozen food, dairy products, drugs in the picking or factory, the loss rate of all logistics links between 25%~40%, this data in the developed countries only 1.5%~3%, which is also our country fruits and vegetables, fresh, dairy products, pharmaceuticals, One of the main reasons for the high price difference between purchase and sale of chemical reagents, such as perishable products, short selling period and higher price of fresh goods.

One side is the lack of a new type of cold storage, while the old cold business depression.

Guangzhou Fanyu District Silver Road is a famous cold storage street, June 25, "Daily economic news" reporter came to Silver Jian Road, No. 20th, Yushan Mountain cold storage, see the merchants in the cold storage door queue to deal with their goods, refrigerated vehicles parked outside the cold storage loading, the platform is back and forth Shuttle 3 forklift. But in the lively behind, there are many tenants rented shops have been empty, at the door of the cold storage Pull "Wang Shop for Rent" banner ads.

In fact, insiders believe that this is the current domestic cold storage encountered a common problem.

Shanghai Jinjiang Low Temperature Logistics Development Co., Ltd. Food supply chain marketing director Zheng told the Daily Economic news reporter, the domestic refrigeration logistics industry is still the main state-owned cold storage, the establishment of the library earlier, most of the use period has been more than 15 years, has entered the overhaul period. Limited by the conditions at that time, these cold storage engineering design standards Low, the process is not reasonable, the degree of automation is low.

Guangzhou Fanyu District, no. 39th, Silver Road, Heng Fung Cold storage in charge of the reporter said, cold storage business model is generally first built after the lease, the main collection of business and cold storage leasing funds, in accordance with the quality of merchant goods or the cubic charges, "we generally do not do business, only concerned about the management of cold storage, merchant cargo in tons of calculation, A ton of goods per day costs about 2~3 yuan. ”

"Affected by the economic environment, cold storage These years business is not good to do, can only say now to achieve break-even, a lot of other cold storage operators have encountered difficulties, many businesses appear to rent back." Hengfeng Cold storage in charge frankly.

Zheng that most refrigeration enterprises have not from the simple "warehousing" to "logistics service-oriented" role of the change of consciousness, has not adapted to the new era of warehousing and distribution business needs.

Guotai reported that the data show that 2013 domestic cold storage capacity of 26.73 million tons, most of the traditional cold storage, while the storage of aquatic products and quick-frozen food cold modern cold storage accounted for only 10%, structural deficiencies serious.

"Last kilometer" to be solved

"Cold chain is a high profit industry, but if the same as Jingdong and Alibaba to do business, it is difficult, such as ' last kilometer ' and reverse logistics is currently difficult to solve the problem." "Zheng said.

Jintao Fruit and Vegetable Logistics Co., Ltd. Wang Wenqing that, "the electrical business to do cold chain, must be wired under the cooperation, unless in each district has a physical store, these raw food does not enter the community, is tantamount to not solve the last kilometer problem." ”

Wang Wenqing also pointed out that dealers to the terminal must use refrigerated vehicles to ensure that the cold chain transport, to ensure the final product quality, but, because of the high cost of refrigerated vehicles, the market now many dealers use or ordinary cars, vans.

"Use refrigerated vehicles for the whole distribution, must ensure that the goods than the market is cheaper than the market, it can only take a centralized procurement model, the amount of centralized procurement determines the price and gross margin." "Zheng said that in the context of high food safety requirements, because of the short shelf life of fresh products, can not achieve rapid sales, there may be losses."

Zheng that, to solve the problem of the last kilometer, the electrical business must solve the problem of distribution in the community. "Now the electricity business to do fresh fight is logistics, fight is in each city community who decorate the point more faster, but it can be imagined that every city big community all cloth point, this piece of capital investment will be how huge." ”

In addition, Zheng said, to solve the problem of the last kilometer in the cold chain, it is also necessary to open a "green light" on the traffic policy.

"Because the refrigerated truck belongs to the lorry, in Shanghai, the inner ring of the city center do not let the refrigerated car in, this gives the electric dealer a problem-how to do timely delivery and the whole cold chain delivery?" "Zheng said.

Zheng said that the national transport sector can consider the cold chain to the industry to give special preferential treatment, "foreign Wal-Mart, Metro in the city center are unimpeded, domestic can also give cold chain open a green channel, in order to achieve a standardized cold chain operation." ”

At the same time, cold chain reverse logistics is also placed in front of the electricity business problem. "Cold chain fresh products such as vacuum packaging raw meat, if the packaging product leakage How to do?" Back to go through so many links, return is tantamount to this piece of meat has been scrapped. ”

Shun Fung Select the official website of the return of replacement policy shows that the current Shun Fung optimization also does not support fresh products in the sign after the problem of the case to return: "Fruits, vegetables, aquatic products, meat and other fresh perishable food, please check the quality of the goods before signing, such merchandise will not be processed after the receipt of replacement; In addition to raw and perishable food, If the sign after 24 hours you found that the quality of inspection can not be found, and submitted to the relevant Food Inspection Department inspection certificate, Shun Fung optimization will be door-to-door for you to deal with. ”

Zheng said, "fresh products sometimes difficult to identify products from the color to determine whether there is a quality problem, if the purchase of meat products found in the sign after the problem can not be returned, this to the consumer net purchase fresh experience and interest will be greatly reduced." ”

"If the electricity dealer makes the fresh product returns the rate to reach 20%, how still earns money?" "Zheng Frankly, the current electricity business to do fresh in reverse logistics and other issues more prominent," if continue to invest, the last kilometer and reverse logistics and other issues may be resolved, but so far, still do not see the mature solution. ”

Lack of industry standards

"At present, the cold chain industry access threshold is relatively low, often see convertible cars to transport low-temperature products, some of the drivers in order to save power to switch off refrigeration equipment, halfway ' off the cold ' phenomenon or more common. "Beijing East Fresh distribution responsible for the daily economic news," Reporters frankly, the existing logistics distribution system is not perfect, especially the lack of industry standards is more prominent.

Suning easy to buy fresh head told reporters, in the cold chain logistics industry has made great progress in the meantime, because there is no uniform industry standards, resulting in cold chain logistics implementation difficulties, can not timely deal with the problems in operation, become a weak link in the development of cold chain, making the electrical business cold chain logistics operation is greatly affected.

According to the Shanghai Cold Storage Association survey data show that China's cold chain transport, the railway accounted for only 2%, the highway is only 10%~20%, about 40,000 cold chain vehicles. And the cold storage Many is 20th century 70, 80 's construction, mostly only has the storage function, does not have the logistics distribution function.

"In this case, it is necessary to unify the mandatory standards." The establishment of industry standards is not only the need of cold chain logistics enterprises, but also beneficial to the rapid and healthy development of the industry. "Suning easy to buy fresh raw head said.

In this respect, CIC Consultant Senior researcher Shen Zhengyuan, "Daily economic news" reporter said, "At present, although the industry standards have, but the enforceability is very poor, more chaotic, but also at present the cold chain industry development more prominent obstacles." ”

Shun Fung Optimization insiders told reporters, "fresh and non-standard goods, the life characteristics of each commodity are different, temperature, storage requirements are not the same, such as the leaves to breathe, and so on, these are not ordinary warehouse tube can do, the industry has not formed a standard." ”

"The current cold chain industry standards should be led by the government departments, and enterprises are the main participants, the standard of the enterprise is also more clear, you can choose some recognized, can better ensure food safety practices as industry reference standards." "Tri Xiaoxi said.

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Reporter observation

The elegy of the pioneer of fresh electric power business

In fact, the cat, Jing-dong, Shun Fung optimization and suning easy to purchase and other involved in the cold chain of fresh electricity is not the first batch of "eat Crabs", in 2010, gradually appeared a group of small and medium-sized electrical business, but because of the difficulties are not fully resolved, these pioneers finally ended with Elegy.

In the 2006 ~2010 years, because of the high cost of cold chain logistics, consumer habits difficult to change and the industry regulations are not perfect, and other factors, the domestic cold chain logistics industry almost stalled. According to China Refrigeration Institute statistics, 2006 China's cold storage capacity of 8.8 million tons, and in 2010, the NDRC issued the "agricultural products cold chain logistics development planning," the status of a column, cold storage capacity of 8.8 million tons. Although it may be the difference in statistical caliber caused, but also enough to show that 2006-2010 years of cold chain logistics almost no development.

Since 2010, the proportion of logistics cost after the introduction of cold chain of agricultural products has been reduced, and the cold chain logistics has been rapidly developed. During this period, a group of small and medium-sized electric companies have dabbled in cold chain fresh fields.

If founded in 2010, the excellent vegetable net, is the first batch of domestic trial of fresh product mode of the electric business enterprise, its establishment soon gained 2 million Yuan Angel investment, then announced the realization of profit.

But not long, excellent vegetable nets This has been the industry's bullish segment of the field of electrical business model in the next less than three years, but experienced from the glorious to the withering process.

January 2013, Ding Jingtao founder of the network through Sina Technology said "do not go on", to 1.5 million yuan to transfer excellent vegetable network. Excellent vegetable network in two years of accumulated resources for: 20,000 registered users, of which 4000 active users, the site unit price of about 40 yuan, the site 2012 annual sales of about 3 million yuan. Ding Jingtao also summed up the reasons for the failure: there is no stable supply, can not provide a better shopping experience than the market, to control the link too much, logistics problems (such as trucks into the city problem). March 2014, excellent vegetable Network Bulletin said Ding Jingtao has resigned from the excellent vegetable network CEO position.

In fact, the excellent vegetable network is not to do cold chain fresh failure of the first home appliance business, "Good helper", "Yi million Home" and the first batch of selling vegetables site has ceased to exist.

2009, Yi million founder Wei Wei founded fresh web site Yi million home, covering 27 communities in Guangzhou Fanyu District. However, after six months, due to logistics distribution and cold chain, coupled with the site is immature, the decline in orders led to losses.

April 2013, Yong-Hui supermarket quietly on-line fresh type of Web site "Half the Sky", and in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other regions to expand distribution, to provide goods to pay, try aquatic fresh products. But now, in the Yong-Hui supermarket official online, "half the Sky" label has also disappeared.

(Responsible editor: Lvguang)