From large data to large information sublimation, the need for statistical science and the Innovation of data science

The Great Science project is the newest paradigm to advance major science and technology projects by means of engineering, planning, pooling of science and technology resources and power, and it is a revolution in the evolution of scientific research from traditional "handicraft small workshop" to modern Large-scale "workshop". The "Corps combat" of the great scientific paradigm will achieve the breakthrough in the present day and the history with the large-scale of the space and domain dimension, and even beyond the long scale of the time domain dimension.

Great science is the cradle of large data, and large data is the product of great science.

The great science of the King of the road began with the emergence of large data. The big data in human history comes from the field of science and technology, or rather, from great scientific research. The Manhattan Project, which opened the microcosm and pioneered a new scientific methodology for the opening of the microcosm with man-made large scientific facilities, started a series of big science projects that produced unprecedented, large-scale data. For example, the European Nuclear Research Center in Switzerland, a large Hadron Collider built by more than 8,000 physicists around the world, after the 2008 test run, the amount of data reached 25pb/years, which will reach 200pb/years after the completion of 2020, so they pioneered the concept of "big data". Coincidentally, a genome project designed to determine the 3 billion base genetic code of the human genome has been measured for as much as 13pb/years. After this project, the academic community was encouraged to carry out a series of genomic sequencing of different genetic backgrounds, various disease groups, and a large number of other species, which rapidly approximated the ZB level (PB millions) and invariably created the concept of "big data". The internet, which is commonly used today, was originally invented by scientists in these fields to solve massive data transfers.

The highest level of human rationality is wisdom in the understanding of the material world, the human society and the spiritual world. And to reach this realm is bound to pass data, information, knowledge three levels, in which the data is the mother of information, the beginning of knowledge, the source of wisdom. With the rapid development of information technology for several decades and the powerful radiation of information in all walks of life of human society, the bell of human Guinuo thousand years, the civilized world has set off an unprecedented big data frenzy, its surging disease, rising strong, not like tsunami, is worth tsunami. People cheer, because it is Cuikulaxiu, indomitable of the hurricane, will be unstoppable revolutionary power to open up a new world, people fear, because it is a row not by the reins, the direction of the wild horse, with unpredictable destructive force. At this moment, human beings need to be calm and human beings must be rational.

Human civilization has gone through three waves: the first is the Agricultural revolution, which appeared thousands of years ago and lasted thousands of years, releasing "The Power of matter"; the second was the Industrial Revolution, which appeared hundreds of years ago and lasted hundreds of years, releasing the power of energy, and the third was the intellectual revolution, which began decades ago and is now in its infancy and will be released continuously. The power of Wisdom ". In the 1980, Toffler predicted the new civilization and made it clear that the civilization would be marked by information. Thereafter, as the material, technology and civilization of the information like God, in all areas of human society, the global domain and even the broader airspace of the sky as fire general lighting, popularization. The information society and the informational civilization seem to be in the blink of an eye, and the "instant" arrival of the big data era seems to have made a clear remark. Calm analysis, but in fact not. Data is the mother of information, no data, what information? The age of lack of data, how can it be a veritable information age? The big Data era just came to show that it was the "era" of data scarcity. Previously, humans have discovered, open up a large number of new data space, the construction of large-scale data production "factory", super large Data Warehouse, the construction of the "Information superhighway" and its extensive network, for the emergence of large data and its wide range of radiation does provide a sufficient prerequisite, but they are only the cradle of large data, Not the baby in the cradle.

From large data to large information sublimation, the need for statistical science and the Innovation of data science

Data is the mother of information, but good data does not automatically generate information. Large data is difficult to come by, but it is more difficult to transform into large information, but the big data that cannot be converted into large information is the rational black hole and the knowledge desert that lie in the journey of human cognition. In fact, human rationality, when it crosses the threshold of ignorance, has the ability to transform data into information, a watershed between Homo sapiens and Homo erectus.

However, in the face of the current large data era of the surging diversity, multi-source, heterogeneous mass of data, whether by the United States as "the breeding of modern science," the statistical science, or should be the great science of the movement of life, today is the heyday of the data science, can only be exclaiming. Today's big data, tomorrow's big message, the change-changer, is also a reformed statistical science and data science.

Although information is derived from data and is precious to data, it is only a relay station to knowledge. Knowledge is the crystallization of human rational understanding of the world, is the cornerstone of the transformation of the world. Bacon in the great revival of the Heroic Prophecy: knowledge is power. About 400 years later, mankind finally ushered in the "knowledge economy age". Knowledge-based economy, as a new mode of human social economic growth and economic development, known as the Copernican Revolution in the economic field, its basic characteristics are: knowledge operation is the mode of economic growth, knowledge-based industry becomes the leading industries, and knowledge economy becomes the most active economic form.

This shows that knowledge is not only a force, but also the most important and the most powerful pioneer force in the Times. But we must also be aware of: large data and large knowledge, still separated by two days, such as the large data compared to floods, compared to a torrent, it only first evaporate into a large information of the air, and then rise to a large knowledge of the rainbow, in order to H.G., soar and become the leading knowledge economy era of the "Dragon."

Ten predictions for 2015 Big data development

1. Combining intelligent computing with large data analysis, including large data and neural computing, depth learning, semantic computing and other related technologies of artificial intelligence, has become a hotspot in the field of large data analysis.

2. Data science leads to multidisciplinary integration, but data science as a new subject, its subject basic problem system is not clear, the development of data science itself has not yet become a system.

3. Cross-disciplinary data fusion analysis and application will become a major trend in the future development of large data analysis applications.

4. Large data will be linked with the internet of things, mobile interconnection, cloud computing, social computing and other hot technology areas of cross integration, resulting in a number of integrated applications.

5. Large data diversification processing mode and hardware and software infrastructure gradually tamping.

6. Large data security and privacy.

7. A breakthrough will be made in the new computing model.

8. Various visualization technologies and tools to improve large data analysis.

9. Large Data Technology curriculum system construction and talent training.

10. Open source system will become the mainstream technology and system choice in large data field.

(Source: China large Data Technology conference released "2015 Big Data Ten Development trend forecast")

Life Group will be the leader of the new era of discovery

The Pythagoras School opened the first great discovery era of science. They concentrate on proving that the essence of arithmetic is "absolute discontinuity", the Essence of music is "relative discontinuity", the essence of geometry is "static continuous quantity", the essence of astronomy is "continuous quantity of movement", and finally, the theory of "number is everything".

Based on the massive data accumulated over the lifetime of the valley, Kepler has achieved a high theoretical generalization of the movement of almost all celestial bodies in the solar system, thus known as the "sky legislator". In the same period, Galileo also through a large number of observations, has found the movement of the first (uniform), second (uniform acceleration) of the law, was dubbed the "modern experimental scientific spirit of the Creator." Kepler, Galileo and other series of large discoveries, the immediate birth of Newton's era of synthesis. For a time, Newton's mechanics unified the acoustics, optics, electromagnetism and thermodynamics, and the Newton's Law of "Universal has" almost ruled the whole material world of small to ultra microscopic particles and large to cosmic objects.

20th century is the age of large discoveries of genes. 1900, the Mendelian inheritance law was discovered in 1910, the gene linkage law discovered in 1944, the genetic code of DNA was found in the dna;1952 year, and the law of the base composition was discovered; the 1953 DNA Double Helix model, which opens up the mysteries of eons of heredity and its genetic codes, Then it reveals the central principle of unifying thousands of life world and provides the theoretical and technical basis for the human Genome Project.

Large scientific research, not only opened the big data age, but also everbright Great discovery era. For example, people through the Large Hadron Collider, in less than 5 years, have achieved a significant discovery of the "God particle" (Higgs boson). The existence of the Higgs boson is the latest generation of unification theory, the "Standard Model" of prophecy, and this model is a unified description of the universe of strength, weak force and electromagnetic force of these three basic forces and the formation of all the elementary particles of all the theory, so that the elementary particles why have quality and evolved into all things of the "road of Wisdom", A big step in deciphering the mysteries of the universe's birth, the Prophet was awarded the Nobel Prize in the second year of its discovery. And this amazing discovery from large facilities, from the great science, into large data, attributed to great wisdom. They indicate that human society is moving towards the greatest era of synthesis-the age of wisdom. As Shakespeare said: The past, all the Prelude. The future of mankind has come to a new turning point.

"Human brain is the most complex system in nature, cognition, consciousness and emotion are the ultimate territory of natural science, and interpreting human brain becomes the peak battlefield of international science and Technology Competition". Since 2013, the "Human Brain Project", which integrates large science, large data and large discoveries, has been successively developed in Europe, North America and Asia. Just as the Manhattan Project, the Apollo program opened the knowledge economy, the information society, the big Data age, the human genome, the proteome plan, the brain plan is opening the greatest era of synthesis--The Age of wisdom!

(The author is the Dean of Military Medical Academy, academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences)