From pervasive computing to cloud computing to transparent computing

Cloud computing lowers the threshold for SMEs to enjoy IT services, while also providing a way for industry, large enterprises, governments to reduce IT costs and improve the efficiency of existing IT resources. As a result, cloud computing has been highly valued by governments, telecom operators and relevant parties. At the recent International Cloud Computing symposium, cloud computing was interpreted by governments, operators and experts.


　　


at present, cloud computing has become the most popular topic in the field of ICT, but it is not a new technology, more is the idea of innovation. Before the concept of cloud computing, there were other similar technical ideas in academia, such as pervasive computing. At the 2011 International Cloud Computing Symposium, academician Zhang of China Academy of Engineering, the universal Computing and cloud computing is the goal of the ubiquitous and imperceptible, but the former road is not specific, the latter is based on the idea of the server, and our country proposed the concept of transparent computing, from the perspective of user needs, there is a specific development path , "Prior to cloud computing, including cloud computing".


　　


Pervasive Computing is proposed by the father of Mark Wieser, the core of which is "ubiquitous", "unknowingly" to the computer into life. Zhang Theory, pervasive computing applications mainly include smart home, electronic care, intelligent services, in this computing system, a small keychain can do a lot of computer work, you can see it as a cloud computing terminal. Pervasive computing has had a big impact on industry, many systems are based on this thinking to form, but in the end it is difficult to form a large industry, the key problem is that pervasive computing has not found the difference with the traditional PC computing, in other words, put forward a good idea, but did not find the way to achieve.


　　


Zhang that the definition of cloud computing is a lot, but in combination, its goal is "to provide users with imperceptible and ubiquitous personalized services through centralized use and sharing of resources." The ultimate goal is to say that no matter the user using the PC or the iphone, can be cross-platform to get "unknowingly", "ubiquitous" personalized service. The way to achieve this goal is to use and share computing power through the network and the server. Therefore, the entire cloud computing industry's starting point is the sharing and use of resources. Zhang theory, from this perspective, cloud computing technology core and starting point is from the server and network management, mainly based on large-scale mass data storage, and large-scale data search. Later, depending on the development needs of the technical staff to achieve large-scale data tiering or cross-platform services, so it rarely consider how well users get the service, because its starting point or server.


　　


Thus, we will encounter a series of problems in the development of cloud computing, Zhang, for example: not from the user needs, how to solve the cross-platform needs of users? App Store, Ovi, MM can run on a mobile phone? Can IBM's cloud and Google's cloud be shared? If shared on a single hardware platform, can the platform maintain low power, low cost, high security and ease of operation? If users do not want to provide data to the cloud center, but also the cloud center to provide personalized services? Cloud computing keeps data together, Morozov once said: "The internet is not a force for goodness." "Is the vast amount of data stored in cloud computing a source of evil?"


　　


Zhang Theory, transparent computing is the beginning of Tsinghua University in 1998, 2004 proposed, by the Japanese Jade University professor Chengjingde think "before the cloud, including cloud computing." Transparent computing is not based on the server, but "from the perspective of User Service selection transparent, through storage, operation, management of physical and logical separation, software and hardware platform Cross-platform selection, client-side system flow implementation, etc., to achieve the ubiquitous computer services and unknowingly."


　　


transparent calculation mainly includes the following aspects: first, storage, management, operation of the separation; second, hardware and software cross-platform selection; Third, the streaming execution of the client. Its key technologies are kernel-distributed OS, simplified terminals, integrated networked storage, management, arithmetic and technology, standard and virtual technology for software and hardware platform selection, streaming execution and scheduling.


　　


　　Zhang finally concluded that pervasive computing, cloud computing, transparent computing in common, is the realization of services everywhere, unknowingly. Pervasive Computing has the goal, the road is not specific, cloud computing has a road to the server and vendors, to the terminal expansion; Transparent computing also has the road to the terminal and architecture changes, to the server expansion.