Hequan, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, on Internet of things and large data

The first is the object-linked perception

The Internet of things helps us make decisions through perception. The ITU definition of IoT is physical and virtual, in the past, we understood that the Internet of objects must be physical, in fact, the ITU believes that virtual is also the object of Internet objects, in which the virtual object refers to the storage process structure content, using multimedia content and application software, the Internet of things to provide security requirements, The physical and virtual combination of the Internet of things.

Kind of class, one is identification, such as bar code, as well as non-identity identification class, you need to identify, you can ID go in, the object we do not rely on ID recognition, is the need for physical signs and properties of objects.

Objects are very wide in scope to feel in the Internet, Internet of things to collect data, we just said that virtual things are also object networking objects, we see a lot of things to collect, such as browsers, search engines, intelligent terminals, game terminals, GPS, etc., he through the daily network left traces and footprints to obtain a large number of data.

The second is that the IoT produces big data.

The American hospital produced 500 data a year in previous years, IMT1. 4TB data and other data are generated by sensors, there are also directly generated on the Internet, we are now in a large data era, the Internet can produce a minute thing a very many things, Apple download more than 20,000 times, a minute will upload 100,000 new microblogging, the world on the virtual network of things on the internet, produced a large number of data.

Foreign companies do not necessarily have the data volume of China, China's Taobao in the dual 21-day income generation 10. 500 million, Sina Weibo evening more than 1 million of the response request, China Unicom also carried out large data collection, they previously to users every one months to send a bill, many users think I did not on so many, China Unicom restructuring on the detailed record of the customer's online record one second 830,000.

Virtual operation management produces more data, this comparison is the United States, 80 per day, engine engine receipts 588, enterprise resource management, such as customer relationship management is now a big data, the enterprise itself is every moment to produce a lot of data.

2012 IDC pointed out that the data generated by the machine in 2005 accounted for 11% of the total data, 2020 to 42%. For example, medical, now go to the hospital to have CT, clarity is high 300 trillion, a patient's CT is often more than 2000, the data volume has reached dozens of GB, now the hospitals in China's big cities every day, the annual hospital has reached 200 million people, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the medical profession, A patient's data usually needs to be retained for more than 50 years.

Internet of things data type This is a university in Australia, his computer department research, the volume is very large, from 2010 to 2015 up five times times, as well as industry and industrial, logistics, this is the public facilities as well as our cars, smart city development Wisdom Medical, furniture and so on, will bring animal networking development.

The large data generated by the Internet of things has different characteristics from the general large data. The data of the Internet of Things is heterogeneous, diverse, unstructured and noisy, and the larger difference is its high growth rate. The data of the Internet of things has obvious granularity, and its data usually has the information of time, position, environment and behavior. The Internet of things can be said to be social data, but it is not the contact information of people, but the social cooperation information of things and things and people.

The blending of the internet of things will make the data of the Internet of things more useful, combining the data of the Internet of things with the data obtained through social media, that is, the social networking of people and machines, will make decision-making more scientific.

With privacy and law-related particularity, who is the owner of the Internet of things, through the internet of things can control household appliances.

And finally, big Data-booster networking.

It's not just about collecting sensory data, it's about combining objects with virtual objects. Today, Beijing traffic jams, but do not know the reason for the blockage, if the government released news and the Public Micro-blog published news together to know what happened, the Internet to filter, filtering must have a certain pattern.

When making decisions, you have to think about what to publish, what impact it will have, the recent earthquake, he can predict the 60% earthquake, one day will say.

The Internet of IoT data mining involves data storage, acquiring storage from physical virtual objects, and then making some virtualization and finding summaries of data to be tagged.

Data mining mode, merging compression, cleaning filtering, format conversion, phase data analysis, knowledge discovery, visualization, data phase, association rules, classification, clustering, sequence, path. So the back work is bigger, more important and harder.

I give an example of debris flow, the recent occurrence of Shan and Baoxing earthquakes, it is very easy to occur debris flow, the collection of data collected, based on the existing data model analysis

Recently, we are concerned about PM2. 5, in addition, the Northwest edge of Yunnan, southwestern Sichuan southwest drought prone to fire, the use of radar, aircraft can collect data, but also need to carry out analysis, and then produce judgments.

Sampled from the water, sent through the satellite, using cloud computing, central data mining, river pollution, digital model, we can find that some places have environmental pollution, the pollution itself requires different sources of data, in addition to sensors, Internet data has a noise of dirty, so need a combination of various data, historical data mining, Then the analysis of the premonition, early warning, so the data behind the processing, food is also the concern of everyone, the phone to take down the food to the backstage to check, which company's food, where production, food production dates and so on, including food safety, nutrition, food monitoring, the use of background data and so on. Recent avian influenza epidemic, how to monitor, usually produce influenza patients on the internet to find, what medicine to eat good, where to see a good doctor, or micro-bo exchange.

Virtualization and visualization of intelligent traffic. Traffic Management Center again big, also can't install all video, so 10 seconds, so it looks like only can monitor a very small part of the content, through the software to the whole road into a video, and then further I put all the road through the large data software background analysis composition image, The image looks like the Shanghai leader flying down the ground. So these are background data analysis.

Large data have a good effect on social management. Police in New York, USA analysis of the relationship between traffic usage and the location of the crime effectively improves law and order. Beijing traffic card generated 40 million daily, the subway 10 million times a day, analysis of these data can improve urban traffic conditions. Singapore's public transport sector has used personal location data for a decade to forecast traffic needs. The Dutch Transportation Department uses the mobile phone's positioning function to predict car and pedestrian congestion.

Finally, the total number of machine-to-machine, the world's Machine-to-machine to 2011 will be 2 billion, 2020 18 billion, forecast 2020 50 billion connections, mainly in consumer electronics and intelligent building two areas, will account for 70%.

2011 Machine-to-machine Market for 200 billion U.S. dollars, 2022 1.2 trillion U.S. dollars, two-thirds revenue from equipment and installation, One-third from the service, 2020 the largest machine-to-machine market in China and the United States, respectively, accounted for 20% and 19%.

The Economist predicts that 1 billion items are connected at the end of 2013, and that the internet of things produces large data and large data-booster networking.