How heavy does the weight of dry goods weigh?

Abstract: In the encyclopedia to define weights, weight is a relative concept, for an indicator. The weight of an index refers to the relative importance of the overall evaluation. It indicates that in the evaluation process, is the evaluation of the different aspects of the importance of the object in the encyclopedia to define the weight, "weight is a relative concept, for an indicator." The weight of an index refers to the relative importance of the overall evaluation. It indicates that in the process of evaluation, it is the quantitative distribution of the important degree of the different sides of the evaluated object, and the difference treatment to the role of each evaluation factor in the overall evaluation. Seemingly very difficult to understand the mouth, but in fact in daily life is full of a variety of decision-making issues, the concept of weight is widely used unconsciously.

The problems we encounter:

"Which problem is more serious?"

"These two designs are very good, which is the choice?"

"So many scenes, which is the highest priority?"

We often encounter such problems in our user research practice, but each problem is not a single dimension that needs to be considered, nor is it simple or good or bad, and often requires very complex comparisons, judgments, and evaluations to make a final decision. If all the questions are like professors from the stars, each of which has a perfect full five-star, how simple and beautiful the world is.

The stars are too far from us, or the men who make the earth, assuming that there are now four alternative young men pursuing the goddess, their conditions are shown in the following radar chart, a handsome man with long legs, b mature more gold, c male all-round development performance balanced, D male character good to the extreme, simple and rough looks like the condition of the C male is very good oh , with an average score of up to 4.0 points and a big lead over the other three.

Analytic Hierarchy Process:

Today, we present a decision analysis method combining qualitative and quantitative data-analytic Hierarchy process (Thomas Setty), which was formally presented by American Operations Research home in the mid 1970s. Although the use of a small number of people belong to the method, but for the choice of difficult patients, it is a sharp weapon. For example, we have just mentioned the "reasonable choice of quality male" topic, we have to teach you how to use analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each dimension, and ultimately find the heart of belong.

The first step: the hierarchy of decision problems

After the whole decision problem is layered, the hierarchical structure model is established, the first layer is the target layer, that is, the rational choice of high-quality male; the second layer is the index layer, for example, the goddess chooses the male mainly from the net worth, the age, the appearance, the stature, the character these five dimensions carries on the comparative analysis; the lowest level is the programme layer, that is, the current participation in the competition D Four young men.

Step Two: Index layering 22 comparison

The indicator layer has 5 indicators, the programme layer has 4 indicators, if the choice of the difficulty of these indicators in order to discharge the sequence is enough to let it collapse. One of the advantages of analytic hierarchy process is that there is no need to put all the indicators together for comparison, only the index of each level should be 22 comparison, which greatly reduces the difficulty of comparing different indicators. You can use 1-9 relative dimensions to mark the following value principle.

The value principle is as follows:

When a index and B index are the same importance, the value is 1:1;

When a index is slightly more important than the B index, the value is 3:1;

When a index is more important than B index, the value is 5:1;

When a index is more important than B index, the value is 7:1;

When a index is very important compared with B index, the value is 9:1;

When the index of a is more important than the B index, it is between the 2n−1 and 2n+1 two adjacent grades, and the value is 2n:1.

Conversely, the natural number of 1:1-9 is desirable

If you are worried that a person's assessment is too one-sided, you can also invite the seven Aunt eight to help team to assess the value of the principle of the same as above, for their assessment can be evenly distributed, can also be based on the actual situation has focused.

The third step, input software, calculation results

Layered Index 22 contrast, input to the corresponding software calculation, such as Excel, Matlab can be realized, today introduced a YAAHP analytic hierarchy process software, its operation is very simple, belongs to semi-automatic processing, the current online free version can be used. Firstly, the hierarchical structure model is established, and then the indicator layer and the indicator 22 contrast result of the scheme layer are filled in the system (as shown below).

PS: Need to pay attention to the index 22 contrast order, such as the blue part of the vertical column "NET" index and horizontal "age" index compared to 1:3, age is slightly important.

Input all the data, the system will automatically check the consistency, if passed, directly calculate the impact of each dimension on the target layer weight, and directly output the normalized weight of each scheme, if not passed, then the data has problems, need to be adjusted.

As can be seen from the above figure, a few young men with the highest weight d male, is the most outstanding performance after the selection of the best male. If not through the analytic hierarchy process calculation, direct simple rough see average score choose c male, that goddess very likely will ignore the inner bias, even miss the mind of the mr.right.

Advantages and disadvantages and scope of application:

Through the above example, we all know how to use analytic hierarchy process to get weights and choose the best solution, it and other methods compared to what the pros and cons, under what circumstances can be used?

Advantages

The decision making process is decomposed into several levels, and the decision makers need to compare the index of the layers 22 to one.

Without complex mathematical calculations, the process is simple and the results are easy to master and accept.

Only a small amount of data is needed to calculate, and different functions can be invited to participate, the higher the degree of participation, the higher the acceptance of the final conclusion

Shortcomings

Can not provide new scheme, can only look for the best solution from the alternative

Is subjective experience assignment, will be affected by the subjective influence of decision-makers, but the participation of many people can overcome this shortcoming to some extent

Psychologists suggest that each level of indicators should not be more than 9, if too much, 22 of the difficulty will be significantly increased, or even the consistency of the test does not pass, adjustment is too difficult, but can be based on the need to calculate the dimensions of the middle layer weight, the analytic hierarchy process to use, the problem

Scope of application

When a decision problem is affected by multiple indicators, and there is a certain level of relationship between the indicators, at the same time, the impact of the indicators on the decision-making problem can not be directly through sufficient data to quantify the use of analytic hierarchy process, such as in the use of research often encountered in the comparison of different design schemes, competition analysis, the priority of the scene comparison, The severity of the problem contrasts.