How to speed up emission reduction in the transportation industry

This reporter Luyanan recently, "Cars, Ships, roads, Hong Kong" thousands of enterprises in the Low-carbon transport special action in Wuhan, Hubei, marking the largest traffic in China this year, energy saving and emission reduction action opened the curtain.　　As China's largest carbon emissions, but also one of the fastest-growing energy consumption of the industry, the transport industry to reduce the carbon of the road to face what challenges, and what is the magic weapon? Energy consumption, high emissions of "large"-accounted for 30% of the oil consumption, the city of carbon monoxide "contribution" more than 90% of the transportation industry is currently one of the largest industries.　　Its total oil consumption accounted for more than 30% of the total oil consumption of the whole society, and this proportion is still increasing every year. The energy utilization efficiency of the transportation industry in our country is also obviously low.　　Data show that China's passenger car unit fuel consumption is 22% higher than in Europe, 39% higher than Japan, of which China's Truck transport unit fuel consumption than the international average level of nearly 50%. The transportation industry is also the "big one" of carbon emission, and it is an important area for international greenhouse gas emission reduction and climate change mitigation. The International Energy Agency reported in 2009 that about 25% of global carbon dioxide emissions come from transportation. In China, motor vehicle exhaust has become the primary source of greenhouse gases in large and medium-sized cities.　　For example, when the number of motor vehicles was 3 million in Beijing in 2007, the "contribution rate" of automobile exhaust to nitrogen-hydrogen compounds, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide reached 51%, 64% and 92% respectively.　　Such a high-energy, high emission of "large", or China's energy consumption is one of the fastest growing industries. In recent years, the investment of fixed assets in the transportation industry has maintained the high speed growth, but the system of small project approval authority is not conducive to energy saving and consumption reduction.　　For example, the port approval, small size of the port investment projects without national audit, by local approval, in essence, is to reduce the unit energy consumption of small port construction threshold, not conducive to the source of energy conservation.　　In addition, the transport sector has also shown an upward trend in consumption, so that the progress of energy saving and emission reduction is far from the source of energy consumption and emissions growth. Technical carbon reduction is promising-even if the cost of recovery account, energy-saving and emission reduction technology application is also very cost-effective "economic development, traffic first." Now to change the way of development, to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, transportation must first.　　Said Li Shenglin, Minister of Transport.　　As early as 2008, the Ministry of Transport has put forward the energy-saving target of the whole industry, by 2010, compared with 2005, the energy consumption of freight vehicle unit volume decreased by 5%, the energy consumption of operating vessels decreased by 10%, inland ships decreased by 8%, and the overall energy consumption of port production unit decreased 5%. 工欲善其事, its prerequisite. The use of strong, quick, low-cost new technology for the transport industry to reduce carbon, by the industry called technical carbon reduction.　　The popularization and application of these "sharp weapons" has changed the state of "investment in energy saving and emission reduction, difficult to recycle". Use ultrasonic cleaning technology instead of gasoline cleaning agent manual scrub, so that Fujian Lung Chau transport unitCo., Ltd. a year to save more than 95,000 liters of cleaning gasoline, excluding cleaning agent and power costs, the company a year can save car repair parts cleaning operation cost 500,000 yuan. "Even if it's a cost-recovery account, it's a good deal.　　"Fujian Dragon Chau Transportation Co., Ltd. in charge of the company, a one-time investment of more than 400,000 yuan to buy 18 equipment, according to a year to save energy costs of more than 500,000 yuan calculation, deduction of cleaning agent consumption, power consumption and equipment maintenance costs and depreciation costs, a year to recover investment equipment costs." Also tasted the technical benefits of reducing carbon and Qingdao port.　　Qingdao port independent research and development of "door machine automatic metering system", replaced the traditional extensive statistical model of port loading and unloading, in 22 different types of door machine applications, equipment operating efficiency increased by 17.77%, energy consumption reduced by 13.08%, each year can save 1.4347 million kwh, reduce carbon dioxide emissions 1510 tons. Qingdao Port Group, former Hong Kong branch manager Zhang Jichun also calculate a cost recovery account: each door machine to transform investment only 15,000 yuan, a single Taiwan 40 tons of door machine renovation less than 2 months on the cost of recovery, a single 25 ton gate machine after the transformation of less than 5 months to recover costs. "The system is stable, easy to operate, small in investment and quick to effect, it is worth popularizing in the national port." In the past 3 years, the Ministry of Transport has launched 3 batches of 60 energy-saving emission reduction demonstration projects, of which the proportion of technical carbon reduction projects is more than 2/3.　　These projects cover new energy use, intelligent control, fine management, information technology, recycling and many other fields, are mature experience in the project demonstration areas or enterprises to achieve energy-saving, emission reduction, efficiency, "three-side flowering." "Zero-sum" is a good way-to improve operational skills without capital investment, more easily accepted by enterprises and investment in new technologies, improve operational skills or work methods energy saving, lower cost, more easily accepted by enterprises.　　The Ministry of Transport intends to promote the national "Wang Jing Work Law" is representative. Wang Jing is a bus group in Wuhan, the fifth operator of a pilot, since 1988 engaged in driving work, set a safe driving 589,500 kilometers, fuel-saving 45,300 liters, engine 400,000 km without overhaul records. Hubei Province Transport Bureau Road Transport Administration summed up the work experience of Wang Jing, refined into a set of four-digit working method.　　Its main content is "19 words" oil-saving operation method, "Miyoshi three not" safe driving law, "six a little" quality service Law and "three sides three Qin" work innovation law. "Through the promotion of this operation, the company's car operating costs significantly reduced, the efficiency of a significant increase." It's a ' zero-profit '.　　"Hubei Yichang Transportation Group company Passenger Transport Co., Ltd., the responsible person introduced, through the promotion of" Wang Jing Work Method ", the company's car hundred kilometers average decline in fuel consumption of 6%, a year can save 67,000 liters, saving the cost of 408,000 yuan. "Wang Jing Work method" in Hubei province after the promotion, but also handed over excellent carbon reduction report card. From 2008 to 2009, 300,000 operating vehicles in Hubei province were savedFuel oil 554.4 million liters, reduce carbon emissions of about 1.5 million tons, the safety accident rate fell 33%.　　The feasibility of "working method" is proved to be popularized in different enterprise and wider area. In recent years, the transport industry has promoted a lot of such as "Wang Jing work method" such as low carbon operating experience. Qingdao port "Learn good fuel saving" work method can make tug boat oil consumption reduce 37.5%. China Shipping Group's "ship only to open a single auxiliary machine working method" can save more than 0.4 tons of fuel per day.　　These advanced methods of work do not need to spend money on investment, only in the management of fine and personnel specialization, there is a clear effect of energy-saving emission reduction. The improvement of workflow and operation technology is only a little effort for every practitioner, but it has far-reaching influence on energy saving and emission reduction in the whole industry. According to estimates, if the bicycle hundred kilometers oil consumption reduced 2 liters, in the entire use period travels 1 million kilometers, can reduce the cost 100,000 yuan above, to reduce our country logistics cost the function is very obvious.　　China's existing operating vehicles 10.87 million, if each day only save 1 litres of oil, a year can save nearly 4 billion litres of fuel, which to improve China's oil import dependence on increasing the situation has a very positive significance.　　There are still many difficulties in energy-saving and emission reduction--adjusting capacity structure, perfecting system construction and guiding consumption demand are difficult besides popularizing energy saving and emission reduction technology and working methods, adjusting capacity structure, perfecting system construction and guiding consumption demand may be more important direction for energy saving and emission reduction in transportation industry. The adjustment of capacity structure, also known as structural carbon reduction, is to reduce energy consumption and emissions by optimizing the structure of transport corridors to improve efficiency and increasing the proportion of low-carbon vehicles in the integrated transport system.　　It is known as the core content of energy-saving emission reduction, but also the most difficult aspect.　　From the macroscopic perspective, China's long and decentralized management system of transportation, resulting in railway, aviation, highways, waterways and other modes of transport in the network formation of the exclusive, different modes of transport difficult to connect and coordinate, seriously restricting the formation of traffic integration, hindered the pace of structural adjustment. From the microscopic perspective, the transport industry, high energy consumption, high emissions capacity is mainly concentrated in small and medium-sized enterprises, the cost of pressure, high liquidity requirements, the preferential policy to see the most important, the most detailed.　　Unfortunately, the current state guidance capacity adjustment of "sweetness son" is insufficient, most areas still rely entirely on financial subsidy support, lack of adaptation to market economy system incentive policies and service means. Take inland navigation as an example. The higher the ship tonnage, the lower the unit fuel consumption. Tens of thousands of high-power, low tonnage ships in urgent need of elimination. These ships, while hampering energy conservation and emission reduction, can still operate.　　In the case of limited subsidy funds and absence of incentive policies, the enterprise calculates the cost and recovery cycle of scrapping old ships and buying new ones, and after the outage losses, the initiative of eliminating backwardness is generally not strong. "Sweetness son" insufficient, "bitter head" is not many, also affects the capacity adjustment important reason, this and the present system flaw is closely related. Since most areas of transport market access threshold is very low, the withdrawal of the machineSystem is not perfect, leading to backward transport can be "fearless". This phenomenon is evident in long-distance passenger transport, especially in rural passenger vehicles.　　Because the standard of energy consumption is not perfect, the laws and regulations are not perfect, the law enforcement departments can neither impose high penalties on them, nor can they be blamed for their liquidation, and many enterprises have become "nail houses". The adjustment of the capacity structure also depends on the adjustment of the terminal requirements. At present, China's automobile consumption is an outbreak of growth trend. If you want to reduce this part of the energy increase, you must provide more convenient bus travel services. But at present, the speed of public transport infrastructure construction and the improvement of management model are far behind the increase of traffic pressure. This adds another strain to the control of energy consumption and emission increases.