Italian academics say the technology can be used to carry a head transplant, so how do you do a head transplant?

In 1970, Dr. Robert White "succeeded" in testing a head transplant on two monkeys. The reason for the success of the quotation marks, because the experiment is only the monkey's blood vessels sewn, nerves did not suture, monkeys paralyzed under the cervical vertebra, rely on the instrument to breathe, eight days later it died ...

Jerry Silver of Case West Reserve University remembers the scene of the experiment: "The monkey's head wakes up, but its expression reflects the animal's pain, confusion, anxiety ... It's very bad and I don't think such an experiment should ever happen again. "But White is convinced that such experiments can be done on people, and in 1999 he thought they could start a human head transplant," he said.

Back in time, an Italian surgeon, Sergio Canavero, said they had conquered the last part of the spinal cord, so that a head transplant was entirely feasible. But Silver didn't believe it would happen. He and his team completed the rat's spinal cord suture and other teams experimented on dogs or pigs, but when it came to the idea of Canavero in humans, Silver that the current medical level was "light-years away". Silver's experiment was to cut the rat's spinal cord, and only to cut off the spinal cord, then sew it all on a mouse. He thinks it's a fantasy to couple the axons in the damaged tissue after cutting off the head, and that the surgery is immoral. The head transplant does not change the DNA, so a pair of sex men and women, the child is "body", not "head".

But aside from the moral question, can such a "body" transplant be realized? Here's a look at Canavero's vision.

Because of the status problem, the next operation will be called "body" transplant. A is an organ failure and limb paralysis, B is a brain death but the body function of a normal donor, height, physique, gender, the immune system is consistent. There is a large special operating table that can be used at the same time for a and B's surgical team, since the operation cannot be performed separately and must be simultaneously engraved.

The first thing to do is to freeze the head of a, so that it can be cut off and then received on B's body. Once the head of a is cut off, the blood circulation system of B must be connected within one hours, and the time is very tight.

During the operation, the respiration and blood circulation of a and B are maintained by the machine. Their heads should be fixed, the body should be full of equipment, monitoring heartbeat, oxygen, EEG. A 25G temperature sensing probe delves into a white matter of the spinal cord, or a TM electrothermal regulator.

A's head cools to 10 degrees Celsius, and B only carries spinal anesthesia. As a result, B's body temperature will not change and the body tissue will not be destroyed. A the first is lying flat, then into the nerve surgery sitting posture, B is always upright posture. The Special operating table can hold the body, when the head of the first can be said to be hung on the machine arm, with velcro velcro strap tight.

Penetrate the neck of a, B, and isolate the tissue structure, exposing the neck and spine arteries, jugular veins and spine. The muscle tissue of a and B is labeled with color, and the suture is more convenient. Do not remove a thyroid gland. The vertebral lamina excision, the dural sac excision, the vertebra in the C5 or the C6 place, cuts open the spinal column between the base matter (vertebrae), exposes the spine nerve. The spinal nerves of a and B were cut off under the microscope. A, after the head is separated, immediately to the neck of B

"The vascular bonding at the head transfer can easily connect the carotid arteries and veins through the liquid fluorine silicone rubber ring." "Remove the pipes, then stitch the blood vessels." The suture should be careful to prevent blistering into the blood vessels. After the connection is complete, B's blood immediately flows into a's brain. Reconstruct the vertebral artery.

Adjust the length of two nerve ends and merge. If this step cannot be completed, then the patient will be paralyzed. And most people think it's impossible to do this step. Canavero proposed the use of Chitosan polyethylene to connect the damaged bone marrow. Polyethylene glycol or other substitutes are poured into the veins.

Sew the dura, stabilize the spine, connect the trachea and esophagus, connect the vagus and transverse diaphragm nerves, connect the muscles, and allow the plastic surgeon to stitch the skin, according to the method determined by the drill on the corpse.

Then the patient AB into the ICU, and so the patient wakes up, send him/her to see a psychiatrist.