Large data analysis and decision making is the brain of a new generation of intelligent cities

Since the concept of Wisdom Earth was proposed in November 2008, the whole earth is immersed in how to become more intelligent this huge subject, various ideas emerge endlessly, but we see is the Earth's nervous system is constantly developed and intelligent lack. This paper discusses how to build intelligent system of smart city through the topic of neural and brain intelligence. We believe that large data analysis and decision-making is the brain of a new generation of intelligent cities, is the key to improving the wisdom of the city "IQ".

First, let's look at how humans transmit information.

More than 2000 years ago, humans had begun to use beacons. A few miles of many beacons, set information collection, transmission as a, can timely the invasion of information, quickly passed back to the farming civilization kingdom decision-making system.

In the long history, there is still a considerable amount of time that human beings use the 800-hour rush to deliver vital information. This method is used to improve the efficiency of information transmission and to provide important information and intelligence guarantee for the central decision-makers to make correct and timely decisions.

In May 1844, American scientist Seyol Morse sent the world's first telegram to Alfred Ville, the Baltimore, in the meeting room of the Supreme Court of the Capitol. The first telegram was the biblical verse: "What great things God has accomplished!" ”。 Although the telegram was only transmitted 65 kilometers away, it succeeded in creating a new era of long-distance communication links.

March 10, 1876, Alexander Bell invented the telephone. For the first time, the human voice was routed from one terminal device to another through a cable. 1892, New York to Chicago telephone lines opened. Alexander Bell First Audition: "Hey, Chicago." "This historic voice has opened a new era in the use of telephones in everyday life and in our work." From then until now, more than 100 years later, the telephone is still the most convenient and practical communication tools, all over the streets, offices and many families.

Of course, history has come to this day, many of the internet terminals, mobile phones, cameras, personal computers is not the transmission of simple information and access to the telephone, these terminals can collect a large number of voice, pictures, video, text, location and other information, and through the 3G, 4G, Internet, quickly bring them to the large-scale information center or web site, Meet commercial, cultural, economic, political and military application needs.

What is the development process of human computing power?

In ancient times, humans used the knot count, which opened up the human digital records and calculations. Later, with the progress of science and technology, mankind has invented the abacus, hand-cranked computer and other relatively simple mechanical computing tools.

In the 1946, man invented the first electronic computer made up of electron tubes. Compared to today's computer, it appears to be both huge and crude, with a comparable computational power. But it is a solemn mark of human computing tools farewell to the mechanical age, human computing power has a huge leap.

Today, the development of supercomputers, cloud computing platform, so that human computing ability to a higher level, the speed of processing data has an essential progress. At the same time, subject to the laws of physics, under the current computer architecture system, based on the silicon material of comparative economic computing capacity of the improvement, also gradually close to its upper limit.

To sum up, we can see that the human information transmission capacity has been greatly improved, computing capacity has been unprecedented development. However, for many problems in daily life, human management and service system, still seem powerless, helpless. For example, how can we predict the way our development will lead to haze weather? How high is the credibility? How can some clues be used to prevent the dead pigs from rolling in the Yangtze River? So today the human management and service system, like such a person, his body's nervous system has been very developed, the establishment of the brain's fibrous tissue has been developed to a considerable stage, but his IQ is still at a very low level, the brain lacks the ability to process information, not intelligent analysis and decision-making, Unable to deal with problems in society and life in a timely manner. So, human management and service systems need the brains of the brain to improve IQ on the nervous system. This is precisely the current development of intelligent city bottlenecks.

With the rapid growth of China's economy, the number of cars is also increasing in geometry, traffic congestion, traffic pollution and traffic accidents are becoming more and more serious in cities. How to improve the city traffic conditions, so that the negative impact of traffic problems to the minimum, is the major cities need to solve the problem. The functional departments of each city are pinning their hopes on the establishment of the intelligent transportation system.

Safe Residence is another important goal of intelligent city construction. No matter what level our society develops, people need a safe social environment. How to create such an environment to protect people's personal safety, to maintain social stability, to prevent and to stop criminal activities quickly is a basic problem that government management must face.

In addition to the normal social management and service functions, a smart city also needs to have a sound emergency linkage system, because many events are unpredictable, especially in the city of such a concentrated way of living, unpredictable events than the impact of scattered rural areas are much larger. Therefore, an intelligent city of emergency systems, to be able to respond to unexpected events, such as natural disasters, traffic accidents, sudden group events, bandits and police fire, to make an immediate and correct response, to be able to the emergency resources location, strength and so on accurate positioning and effective rational use, so that its damage to the people and social impact to minimize.

In addition, the construction of Intelligent city, but also need to use the power of science and technology, efforts to solve such as health care, education, environmental protection, location services, e-government, tourism, urban management and other aspects of social services issues.

There have been many explorations in the construction of intelligent cities in China, and the gap between foreign developed countries is narrowing. Many intelligent cities have been using cameras, monitors, car floats, sensors and so on to collect information on traffic, security, people, logistics and so on, and urban management has begun to use this information to manage all aspects of demand. Practical experience has proved that a smart city, not only need to have a large number of cameras, sensors, etc. to collect information, build its information system, but also need an intelligent brain system to manage and use the information collected. We call the intelligence level of the brain system the "IQ" of the city.

It is estimated that a medium and large cities, a quarter can produce 10PB to 100PB level of data, such magnitude of data scale, is the general information system can not be effectively processed. Therefore, the construction of an intelligent city is inseparable from the construction of a powerful information processing system. Only by establishing the appropriate processing capacity, the information collected can be used for more effective, scientific urban management and the construction of environmental protection, green living environment, it is possible in the security, medical, transportation, education, environmental protection and other areas to provide better services, so as to truly realize the goal of Intelligent city

In general, smart cities usually need two big intelligent systems: first, intelligent transportation, intelligent housing, intelligent emergency, intelligent urban management, intelligent energy and other functions as one of the city administration system, the second is set education, medical, Broadband (WiFi), location services, intelligent tourism and other life services as one of the city service system. These two intelligent systems are organically connected and become the brains of the intelligent city.

In order to accomplish the function of these two systems, we must make fast analysis and intelligent decision on the basis of large-scale data collection. This analysis and decision-making has become the key to building a smarter city. Intelligent transportation, for example, is an important part of Smart city, which needs to carry out rapid intelligent analysis on a large number of vehicle data and road conditions, so as to solve the more time-sensitive problems such as road prediction, route planning and flow management, and respond effectively to unexpected events. For example, how to quickly retrieve and match the massive video images, so as to find the whereabouts of specific people or objects, but also the urgent need to solve the safe living.

How to build the brain of the city of Wisdom, enhance its "IQ"?

Our research shows that the smart city with intelligent analysis and decision-making ability is a new generation of intelligent city (or second-generation intelligent city), which is relative to the first generation of Intelligent city, which is represented by sensor and electronic eye data collection. Before the opening of large data technology, people discussed and practiced the "latest" information technology based on the Internet, IoT, cloud computing and so on, in fact, only to the intelligent City building "nervous system" and very limited and interrelated not deep "primary wisdom", the city is not really intelligent. Therefore, our country can see the so-called intelligent city, basically belongs to the nervous system developed and the wisdom of the "Retarded City". The development of large data technology provides an effective tool to solve the problem of "IQ" in Intelligent city. This is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

First, large data technologies can provide tools to address the problems faced by urban governance. For example, large data technologies can quickly handle a large number of video, non-structured data, such as voice, can realize real-time network transmission and fast persistent storage of a large number of pictures in massive data, bad network environment and complex service processing, and can display the image and video of any site at the same time, smooth playback, real-time contrast, Fast Alarm, able to carry out multiple conditional search, so as to better solve traffic supervision, security protection and other issues. Large data technology can make medical, education and other services more fluid, more humane. Large-scale, rich-dimensional medical records stored in big Data technology can make diagnostics more accurate, fast, and cost-saving.

Secondly, the intelligent city IT system based on large data technology can bring the whole city information into one platform and make the city management system a complete brain, which can integrate the analysis and decision-making of urban management. In the past few years, due to technical constraints, many intelligent City systems are still built on independent information modules. For example, traffic department data and Public Security Department data are not within the same IT system. For example, the emergency processing needs of traffic, security, medical, location and other information data coordination is very difficult to achieve, effective emergency processing can only be expected to be. Therefore, the phenomenon of "island of Information" is very common. Large data technology provides new hope for solving these problems. The large data technology can analyze the data by analyzing the data of each module of the intelligent city, so as to establish the auxiliary decision system based on the data and beyond the traditional perception and experience. For example, the traffic in a certain section of the city becomes abnormal, and the urban management system can infer that there are likely to be a car accident or other accident, so as to dispatch police cars in time to troubleshoot. For example, if there is a major accident in a city, the city management system can start from the overall situation, understand and manage all emergency resources, coordination and arrangements for police vehicles, fire engines, ambulances and other resources of the scheduling and use. At the same time, the management system can also obtain the personal health files of the injured and wounded personnel, provide medical services and so on, and can accurately obtain the geology, construction and pipelines of the accident lot, so as to deal with the accident better.

Finally, large data intelligence analysis can provide new insights into the management and service systems of intelligent cities. Because the city's various management and service is continuous, accumulate over a long, natural will form a large amount of data accumulation, in these data also must conceal some latent characteristics of this city description. Many laws and experiences of social science exist naturally in the massive accumulation of data, waiting for us to discover and understand, thus providing the decision basis for the intelligent and meticulous management of the city. If using modern artificial intelligence methods, such as deep learning (deep learning), deductive reasoning (deductive reasoning), knowledge representation (knowledge representation), statistical inference (Bayesian inference), semantic analysis (semantic analyzing), and so on, the interactive analysis of the data produced by each module of the city, is very likely to produce new business value and new management and service suggestions. For example, by means of artificial intelligence, interactive analysis of a region of the Yangtze River commercial feed sales data, veterinary drug sales data, aquaculture area data, weather forecast data, environmental pollution data and so on, we may be able to understand some dead pigs will appear in the Yangtze River recessive law, and thus take appropriate measures to protect the Yangtze River clean, To prevent the spread of disease, to provide timely help for farmers. In addition, cities can also predict the occurrence regularity of natural disasters such as fire and flood according to the comprehensive analysis of environmental monitoring historical data.

To sum up, the continuous development of large data technology, for the construction of a truly intelligent city gradually tamping the technical foundation. The planning and construction of a new generation of intelligent cities based on large data technology have the advantage of later development. The new generation of intelligent cities will not only have the neural system characterized by perceptual and interconnected, but also will have a comprehensive intelligent analysis and decision system supported by large data technology. Only such an intelligent system, we can make the management system and service system of Intelligent City fully, effectively and rationally play their respective roles, solve the phenomenon of "information island" which is plagued by information resources, realize the integration of intelligent decision and make city life better and happier. Therefore, it can be said that large data analysis and decision-making is the brain of a new generation of intelligent city, is to enhance the wisdom of the city "IQ" key. (Liu Arrow, haitao, Ching)

The author introduces:

Liu Arrow, the National thousand people Plan experts, the Ministry of Science and Technology major special Office independent experts, the National thousand People Program Assessment experts, Shanghai thousand people Plan experts, Shanghai distinguished experts, Lanzhou University adjunct professor, Lang Xin Microelectronics System (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. founder, chairman and president. Annapura Communications Technology Co., Ltd. was founded with colleagues, Annapura Communications by Stanford University President John Winery (also the founder of MIPS), founded by Atheros company mergers and acquisitions. Shanghai Pudong International Talent City Hall of Fame and Shanghai, Europe and the United States Alumni Association Hall of Fame, from Silicon Valley, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte's Ph. D. in electronic engineering and the Guanghua School of Management (Weibo) EMBA degree.

Haitao, senior vice president of Wave New microelectronics Systems (Shanghai) Ltd., is responsible for large data and cloud computing operations. At the beginning of Chengdu, the founder of the software company/Chairman, Research and development of CRM, vertical search engine, Knowledge base management, iOS applications and other products. He worked in Silicon Valley and North Carolina, and worked on software development in artificial intelligence, financial models, and E-commerce. 1978 School of Mathematics, Peking University, 1987, received a Ph. D. In mathematics from the University of Bucharest.

Ching (Kevin Zhu), Ph. D., Stanford University, University of California, tenured professor/director, American "Presidential Award" winners, China's national "overseas Outstanding Young Scholars", innovative entrepreneurship instructors, information experts, its professional expertise is mainly focused on the next generation of information technology, Internet of things, intelligent city, E-commerce , large data marketing and so on, the research results cited rate and influence in the field ranked top 10.

(Responsible editor: The good of the Legacy)