Looking back on the northern wilderness: the road of modernization transformation of a red economic landmark

Hu Angang Ye Jianguo What is "Northern wilderness"? In the northern part of China, it is one of the three big black land regions in the world, which is called "the wilderness Area" because of its cold and barren.　　In particular, the Sanjiang plain, has been hunting and fishing for a living Manchu, Hezhe, until the founding of New China, still sparsely populated, swamp spread. Famous writer Nie once wrote: "The Northern Wilderness, the days of gray, the vast expanse, a Sanga withered Weitang." What flies in the air, mosquitoes fly New, what water crawl, Four corners of snakes, Hashi, Meat leech. The mountain overlord Bear and the Tiger, the original hero Jackal and the wolf ...　　The longest winter of the year ... "This truly reflects the original style of the northern wilderness." And the first batch of pioneers in the wilderness of the common memory is, "The northern wilderness, really desolate, but also Siberian roe deer wolf, light long weeds do not play grain."　　This is the true portrayal of the northern wilderness, but also the development of the wilderness "a blank" historical starting point.　　After 60 years of wind and rain, several generations of the northern wilderness have created a "great wilderness Miracle" in the history of modern human cultivation, and also a prominent representative and important contributor to the "Chinese agricultural Miracle" (that is, China uses 12% of the world's grains to produce arable land, 6.5% water resources, but more than 20% 1. How do we understand the development of agriculture in the northern wilderness of China?　　This requires broadening your horizons, put it in the international background of the world agricultural transformation and national agricultural transformation in the domestic background, to in-depth analysis, international comparison, domestic comparison, in order to understand the "road of the Northern Wilderness" and international and domestic agricultural transformation similarities, distinguish between original differences. First of all, we must understand the world's agricultural transformation Road. World Bank Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development, the promotion of agriculture in different countries is different, the type of agriculture in different stages of development is different. The report divides more than 100 developing countries in the world into three categories. The agricultural transformation of most developing countries is carried out in accordance with this evolutionary path, namely: traditional agricultural countries to transition countries and then to urbanized countries, then to developed countries or high-income countries.　　The report also points out that there is a pervasive heterogeneity in the rural areas of each country.　　I think that in more than 100 developing countries around the world, dozens of developed countries that have completed agricultural transformation, there is no "best", "optimal", "standard" agricultural transformation of the road, we just learn from international experience, for my use, the most important thing is to open up their own agricultural transformation road. Secondly, we should understand the way of China's agricultural transformation. China's development model and approach is different from other countries (including Western countries and South Korea), they are first to engage in the industrial revolution after the agricultural revolution, first to engage in urban industrialization after rural industrialization. First, the initial conditions of China's agricultural "big transformation" are very low, not only lag behind the world average level, and even less than some stages of its own historical development; second, China's agricultural initial transformation period (1952-1978), the implementation of the transformation of traditional agriculturalIndustry and collectivization; third, China's agricultural non-collectivization reform period (1978-1990 period): The countryside has undergone great changes, but the accumulation of surplus labor is increasing; four, the acceleration period of China's agricultural transition (1990-2005 period): There have been several important historical turning points, such as the Agricultural labor force ( 1991), rural total population (1995), Rural labor Force (1997) has fallen; five, the next more than 10 years: China will quickly from "transition countries" to "urbanized country".　　This is the national agricultural development and transformation of the road, but also the road of the northern part of the Chinese background, but does not mean that both occur at the same time. It should be said that the road of the Northern Wilderness is the forerunner of China's agricultural modernization.　　From this point of view, in the absence of previous experience can be used for reference, can also be called "explorer" and "Pioneer." 2. The first golden Period Wilderness reclamation area is the world's agricultural modernization of the laggard, after more than 60 years of catch-up, has become the world's food production level leader. "The road of the northern wilderness" has become the forerunner of China's agricultural modernization and mechanization road.　　1947-1959, is its start-up high-speed growth period, is also the first golden period. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the land reclamation in the northern wilderness was formally started in 1947 before the founding of the PRC, with Chen Yun (Secretariat alternate Secretary), who presided over the work of the Financial Committee of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and Comrade Lifuchun, who proposed the first farm in our country, Also established through the North Machinery Farm, Zhao Guang Farm, to the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, more than the province of the farm has been established 18, arable land has 405,000 acres, grain beans total output of 23.966 million kg.　　The same year, the establishment of state-farm leadership, as China's agricultural national team, is the Republic's agricultural modernization and mechanized eldest son. October 1954, founded 850 farms. The State Council announced the decision on building a state-owned friendship Farm in December.　　The Soviet-built Friendship Farm was formally established and became the only modern agricultural mechanization project in 156 projects of Soviet aid to China, which imported the more advanced Soviet agricultural machinery and equipment, and became the opening window and demonstration application base of modern agriculture and agricultural mechanization.　　The real understanding of the status and role of the Wilderness is the Tiedo commander of General Wang Zhen, because he has developed Nanniwan experience, in person to investigate the wilderness, timely put forward the local Resettlement veterans "frontier" ideas. A more detailed historical detail is that in February 1954, General Wang Zhen became the commander of the PLA Tiedo. The same year, he went to Heilongjiang, Hulin area, he found that there are large sleeping thousand years of the ancient wilderness, marveled: "The northern wilderness really reputation." Momo, Endless. This uncultivated virgin land, is a good place to engage in agricultural mechanization! He said, "This land is so fat!" One can squeeze out the oil, compared to the Gobi desert sand and early NanniwanLoess 坷垃, stronger on the hundredfold! "Wang Zhen proposed in the vast fertile wilderness local resettlement veterans" frontier "ideas.　　August 14, 1955, Wang Zhen to the Central Committee and the CMC presented the report on the development of the northern wilderness problem, proposed Tiedo in Heilongjiang province Mishan, Hulin, Baoqing, Raohe and other place to hold a comprehensive and semi mechanized agricultural and pastoral enterprises, the reclamation of l000 acres of wasteland. General Wang Zhen's report and recommendations were adopted by Comrade Mao Zedong and the Central Military Commission. Military Deputy chairman Peng Dehuai in the report: "You can do a small experiment, gain experience, and gradually expand some." In January 1958, according to the Central Military Commission, nearly 100,000 soldiers from different parts of the country marched into the northern wilderness and became the backbone of Heilongjiang land reclamation and the most powerful human capital. Following the establishment of the Xinjiang Construction and Construction Corps system in 1954, the second set up by the Army, the main responsibility for the country to provide commodity grain basic functions, at that time between the Soviet Union is in the best "honeymoon period", so "farming system" is the best choice, but also the most efficient system, thus creating a great wilderness of development,　　The golden period of large production and great development.　　3. The first golden period to contribute to the national commodity Grain Wilderness was in line with the first golden Age of China (1949-1957) and mirrored each other. In the 1949-1959 period, the area of the northern wilderness grain crops rapidly expanded, increased by 7.9 times times, the average annual growth rate of 47.24%; grain yield (kg/mu) has increased by 67%, the total grain production has increased by 79 times times, while the national grain production growth rate reached 54.99% in the same period, For the first time, a record of 11 years (1949-1959) of sustained food growth and no growth has been recorded, and the food commodity rate has risen from 19.7% to 38.7% per cent, up by 19%.　　Among them, in 1950 the first grain commodity rate exceeded 50%, reached 52.5%, then four years (1951-1954), still in more than 50%, this is the northern wilderness of the national commodity grain for the first landmark contribution, but also for the ongoing China's first "five-year Plan" made indirect contributions.　　The main way to increase grain production in this period is to increase the yield of grain by 85.9%, while the contribution rate of yield increase is only 14.1%. From the development of the wilderness in the first more than 10 years to create a "wilderness miracle", the main development indicators have set the highest record in history, this is not a historical accident, but there are many reasons. Here only three important reasons: first, because the wilderness is indeed a blank, starting low, small scale, so the growth rate of various indicators is very alarming; Secondly, the development of modern farming in the form of army has obvious political advantages and organizational advantages, and has become an extremely important "accelerator", Can be forced to launch China's agricultural modernization and agriculture in a barren wildernessMechanization, at that time, the reclamation area has 2494 tractors, combine 1122 units, is the country's most agricultural equipment, the highest level of agricultural mechanization of agriculture production base; The third is the great contribution of the first generation "pioneer" and "veteran" of the northern wilderness, they not only inherit and carry forward the "Yan ' an spirit" And more important is the creation of the "wilderness spirit."　　This became the starting point of "the road of the northern Wilderness", and also became the historical starting point of China's agricultural modernization and agricultural mechanization, and also became the "wilderness Spirit" which belonged to the people's historical wealth and unremitting power.　　4.7 years of ups and downs of course, food production in the northern wilderness has not been growing, and during the 1960-1967 it experienced a significant decline, rapid recovery and rapid growth. In this period, due to the "natural disasters" and "Great Leap Forward" decision-making errors, such as "man-made disaster" and other factors, the reclamation area grain production capacity rapidly decline, From 1959 to 1.6 billion Jin to 1960 years of 1.01 billion kg, 1961 fell to 950 million kg, compared to 1959 total grain output decreased by 40.6%. However, food production commodity rate still as high as 35%-38%, which is facing severe famine in China as a "timely relief." Then, food production was quickly restored, until 1965, when it reached 2.29 billion kg, and at the same time, the food commodity rate increased rapidly, and the second time it exceeded half of total production, reaching 53%.　　This growth in total grain production and the increase in food commodity rates continued into 1967, reaching 3.45 billion kg and 60.2% respectively.　　However, this period is still a widening period of arable land, but relative to the previous period, the contribution rate to total grain production was decreased, only 43.9%, while the contribution rate of the increase in yield was increased to 56.2%. In addition, this period to subsynchronous officers and men as the backbone, from all sides of the builders began a vigorous cultivation of the cause, achieved greater achievements, once again set a 1963-1967 years of continuous growth in food, no negative growth records. By 1967, the state farms had grown to 102, and the production teams had grown to 2,157, with a total population of more than 1 million (1.038 million).　　During the last two years of this period (1966-1967), it was the peak of the "Cultural Revolution", and the farming system was inevitably hit by major political movements and sexual struggles, and the process of agricultural modernization and mechanization was seriously disturbed. 5. From land reclamation to Army 1968-1976, the history of the Northern wilderness, the change of management system has become the most important historical memory.　　This stage is the period of lower grain growth and more obvious fluctuation. This period is not only the "Cultural revolution" period, but also known as the period of the corps. As a result of the two-party political differences between China and the Soviet Union to promote military confrontation, and in the "Hair-trigger" War on the brink. This directly affects the reclamation area's basic functions and basic system, from the "land reclamation system" turninto a "army system", leaving a record that was not very successful. June 1968, Mao Zedong's instructions for the formation of the Shenyang Military Region Heilongjiang Construction Corps. Corps to receive a total of 93 state-owned farms, 12.8 million acres of arable land. From 1969 to 1977, the reclamation area received and placed unprecedented, the largest urban educated, a total of 549,000 people, accounting for more than 60% of the total number of employees. They and the first generation of the northern wilderness people continue to develop the northern wilderness, especially large-scale development of the Sanjiang plain. Grain sown area of the reclamation area reached 21.28 million acres, an increase of 42.8% than 1967, but the number of workers increased by more than one times.　　This also has an important impact on the agricultural development of the Northern wilderness, the level of the labor force per capita is significantly reduced, labor productivity (such as labor average grain production) is falling, grain commodity rate is also falling. The newly formed construction and Construction Corps, again because of the March 1969 "Treasure Island Incident", its basic functions from "against famine, prepare for the secondary" to "prepare for the main, take into account the against famine", the organization system from "land reclamation system" into "quasi-military system." In fact, the peak of the "Cultural Revolution" has been in the past, in the Corps has rapidly restored normal production and social order, its organizational capacity and mobilization capacity has been unprecedented strengthening, and some towns or cities in the great factions of the struggle, organizational use physical protest, social order disorder is very different. However, the leading cadres ' system and human capital have changed greatly, from the specialized land-reclamation cadres to the specialized military cadres, from the land reclamation management to the quasi-military management.　　The major changes in these systems have a direct impact on the agricultural development of this period. From the grain output, 1969 grain production into the trough, only 2.35 billion kg, to 1973 is down to 2.08 billion kg, 1974 years to more than 1967 years of production, to 4.59 billion kg. The fluctuation coefficient of grain output is as high as 38.7%, which is the highest record in reclamation area. From the grain yield, not only did not improve, but greatly decreased, 1973 grain yield (119.9 kg/mu), the equivalent of the same year, the average level of the province (215.5 kg/mu) of 55.6%, or even less than 1950 (122.3 kg/mu), the equivalent of 1967 (231.6 kg/mu) 52%. During this period, the contribution of yield to total grain production was a negative contribution (-25.47%). From the point of view of grain commodity rate, from 1968 60.3% to 1973 24.7%. 1972 The National Grain Purchase and sale appeared more than 13 billion catty big gap, has caused the Premier Zhou Enlai, Li Xiannian Deputy Prime minister's great worry, Li Xiannian clearly proposed "eats is the first big event, everybody needs, every day needs." "All big talk, high profile, must not speak, speaking is very dangerous." "October 1973 he to Heilongjiang Province Grain Bureau" on the production of food and the expected sold of the Heilongjiang Army and corps "survey report criticism sharply criticized:" The production of this corps, really some likeWangxiao Chinese New Year, the year is less than one. Do not ask, I am afraid next year to eat the country's food.　　At this time as China and the world's largest production and production corps, with the richest agricultural resources and human resources, but can not solve problems for the country, but "to eat the country's food", it encountered the embarrassment of history, but also face the historical transition. 6. The central government again adjusts the management system of reclamation area, from "Army system" to "land reclamation system".　　However, in the face of such a large corps, or to take a few steps to go: The first step is the August 1973 State Council, the Central Military Commission decided to the Heilongjiang Provincial party committee leader. The second step is the early 1975, Deng Xiaoping conveyed Mao Zedong's "army to rectify" instructions, the same year in July he began to solve the entire army "swollen" problem, affected by this major decision, and the Corps failed to play the role of providing national commodity grain, the same year October, Heilongjiang Provincial Committee Formally to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the strengthening of the party's unified leadership, to change the system of the Corps and the request report, proposed the abolition of the Shenyang Military Region, Heilongjiang Corps and the division of the leadership of the Ministry of Management, with the provincial farm administration, the establishment of the General administration of Heilongjiang State　　The same year December State Council, Central Military Commission official reply. The third step is the formal establishment of Heilongjiang province State Farm State Administration in February 1976. At that time, the State administration of State farms under the jurisdiction of the 11 authority 153 farms, 1.89 million people, 865,000 employees, with a total land area of l4959 mu, arable land 29 million acres, accounting for the province of 22.3%. Whether the population size or arable land, then the reclamation area is already the world's largest agricultural production reclamation area, still has the great potential to develop modern agriculture. However, this is a very special historical period, it left us with a wealth of practical experience and profound historical lessons, in a specific international environment, domestic background, frequent, drastic changes in the system will directly affect the development of the land reclamation cause.　　However, its historical role as the national security provided and played by the "Army system" is still remembered in the history of the "Road of the northern wilderness".　　Since then, the reclamation area has gradually become a real "farming system", it assumed a basic state security functions, mainly responsible for the provision of national grain food security functions, once again become the national commodity Grain "Beidacang". 7. "Sheng" in the 1977 since the reform and opening-up, China entered the second golden period of economic development (1977-1994), especially in China's rural economic reform has achieved great success, family contract system has stimulated the enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of farmers, the main agricultural products increased substantially, farmers per capita net income sustained high growth.　　However, the reclamation area has not been corresponding to the high growth period, in a continuous exploration, trial and error of the difficult process of reform. For the reclamation area, agricultural resources are extremely rich, per capita farmland resources, labor productivity level in the country's first, combined with the higher level of agricultural mechanization, differs greatly from the rural areas of the country and the rural areas of the province. In the end, what kind of system is more suitable for the region of the reclamation area situation? More effectively overcome the shortcomings of the original system? What kind of development road can more play and integration of various advantages of the reclamation area?　　This is neither a ready-made experience nor a clear direction, and the process of creating the new system is extremely difficult. August 1984, when the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, Hu Yaobang to the forward farm inspection work, made on rich countries, eminence, self-financing, hard to get rich instructions, but also put forward to run a good family farm reform ideas. This also needs the reclamation area comrades to find "crossing" the "bridge" or "boat", so that the reform is not only possible but also more in line with the characteristics of the reclamation area. To this end, in February 1985, the General Administration issued the "on state farms run good worker family farm policies of a number of interim provisions", the reclamation area began to start a comprehensive family farm, but has experienced several major repeated.　　Until 1995, "family farms as the basis, the integration of the two-tier management system" in the entire reclamation area, no more baked sesame. This institutional model can be seen as an innovative model, it is different from the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries in the economic transition in the process of full privatization of state farms, the farm itself disintegration of the reform model, but according to the actual situation of the reclamation area, trial and error and innovative "big farm sets of family farm", "large group of large farms" management system and Fully embodies the concentration and decentralization, centralization and decentralization, so that the enthusiasm of large farms and small farm enthusiasm between the balance of close integration. This is different from the American family farm model, also differs from the Chinese rural family contract system, is "the Northern wilderness pattern", namely mobilizes the different main body enthusiasm, based on the incentive compatibility mechanism "the unification pattern".　　Since then, this model tends to stabilize, forming a "wilderness advantage" for the subsequent development of the reclamation area to provide a "institutional dividend." However, during this period, the total grain yield of the reclamation area averaged at 3.34%, slightly above 3.22% in 1968-1976. First, the grain growth fluctuation is very big, the fluctuation coefficient achieves 324%. Second, grain sown area low growth, average annual growth rate is only 0.74%. But the rate of food commodities has been rising, by 1995, a breakthrough of 70%. Third, grain production mainly depends on the yield increase, and the grain yield growth is relatively limited.　　1995, the reclamation area grain production comprehensive ability first break through the billion pound mark (total grain yield of 10.4 billion kg), on the first big step, also means to enter a new stage.　　8. Economic Take-off 15 years 1995-2010 years of the northern wilderness, is considered to be the economic take-off, the grain yield of 20 billion kg and 30 billion kg two a big step key 15 years. During this period, the growth rate of total grain production accelerated, the annual average rate of growth reached 8.5%, far higher than the overall provincial growth rate (1.97%), only 10 years from the 1995 10 billion kg to 2005 years of 20 billion kg. Which enhances the yield of the tributeThe largest contribution rate, reached 82.7%, and sown area is not high, mainly the average annual growth rate of sown area is only 1.47%.　　The rapid increase of grain production capacity in the reclamation area has also led to the improvement of the grain production capacity of the whole Heilongjiang province, while effectively safeguarding the national food security, especially in the 2003 SARS period in time to provide food to Beijing, to be able to grasp, adjust, can effectively respond to emergencies of the country "directly under the Then the reclamation area and then to the third big step, 2005 years later, only spent 4 years, the comprehensive production capacity of food from 20 billion kg rose to 2009 of more than 30 billion kg. The average annual growth rate of grain production reached 12%, of which the contribution of sown area accounted for 52.33%, increasing the role of yield accounted for 47.67%. From the national point of view, almost rarely like the reclamation area, such as by the increase in sown area, increase in yields to improve the total production of food, the vast majority of the "one leg" that is, by the increase in yield, or even to make up for the decline in sown area side effects.　　This also explains why the reclamation can take a third big step in such a short period of time. The food commodity rate in the reclamation area has been continuously improved, with a continuous three steps: 1995 Breakthrough 70%, 1997 breakthrough 80%, 2007 again broke through 90%, 2009 reached 92.5%, is the country's 13 main grain production areas in the highest food commodity rate. In addition, the reclamation area to operate 200 acres of land, equivalent to the level of the Netherlands; agricultural workers per capita production from 6.6 tons in 1985 to 35.4 tons in 2009, increased by more than 4 times times, has been higher than the developed countries of agricultural labor per capita output of 28 tons.　　These indicators reflect the reclamation area is the vanguard of the national agricultural modernization, but also has reached the level of agricultural modernization of the world's developed countries. Whether it is comprehensive production capacity, agricultural modern equipment capability, or modern enterprise competitiveness, independent innovation ability, reclamation area is called China's largest agricultural modernization enterprise group. The total assets of the reclamation area to 2010 close to 100 billion yuan, the owner of the rights and interests reached 40 billion yuan, the reclamation enterprises to achieve a cumulative profit of 6.4 billion yuan, the total tax paid 4.46 billion yuan, the family farm accumulated profits of 45.1 billion yuan. By 2010, the reclamation area of grain processing capacity reached 20 million tons, accounting for the total number of industrial added value of 68.1%. The Northern Wilderness Group has entered the 79th place in the ranks of the top 500 enterprises in China.　　If according to the world's top 10 evaluation of the same industry, the Northern Wilderness Group is not only a modern Chinese agricultural enterprise aircraft carrier, or a real world-class modern agricultural enterprises. 9. The new model of urbanization in this period is also the first in the reclamation area in the country, the province of rural areas into the "urbanization" accelerated period. "Eleven-Five" period, the construction of housing area reached 18.5 million square meters, is "XV" period 4 times times. By 2009, the rate of urbanization in the reclamation area reached 62%, much higher than the national average. The modernization of urban areas in the reclamation area has been strengthened, tap water occupancy rate reached 98%, gas PUAnd the rate of 76.9%, road hardening rate of 40%, central heating 36%, urban green coverage of 30%. The most important thing is to get out of a new road of urbanization with high quality, low cost and increasing reclaimed land. 2009 Area Reclamation Area of 3946 hectares, much more than the newly built area, the former compared with the latter may be 20:1.　　This is a country-wide new model of urbanization. The rapid development of reclamation area has produced a great spillover and proximity effect, which directly leads to the increasing of the agricultural modernization in the surrounding areas, and indirectly promotes the rapid development of rural economy. "Eleven-Five" period, the reclamation area of agricultural machinery 63.65 million mu, accounting for 21% of the province's arable land, to promote 5 large crops of high quality and high yield cultivation of 19.36 million acres, to promote the area of 28 million acres, agricultural insurance for farmers to carry out 34.22 million acres of crop area, the annual free training of farmers more than 100,000　　Leading enterprises to promote the rural planting base of 47.6 million mu, there are 700,000 farmers into the county-level agricultural industrialization management system.　　This shows that the agricultural modernization and urbanization in the reclamation area drives and accelerates the agricultural modernization and urbanization in the rural areas of Heilongjiang province. It can be considered that since 1995 is the reclamation area into the economic take-off period, but also the second golden period of development. The important sign is that the average annual growth rate of grain production has maintained high growth, which from 2004 onwards, has been rid of growth, decline, growth, and then decline of the "Fed" growth path, the actual grain production capacity has greatly increased, sustained growth, no negative growth, economic fluctuation coefficient to 24%.　　This has laid a solid foundation for the future development of the reclamation area and provided a higher platform. 10.2047, the Wilderness watch century great China needs great dreams, and great Chinese enterprises also need great dreams. I put forward the Reclamation Area party committee's "three steps" strategy called "The Dream of the wilderness".　　In particular, it was put forward to the 2047 reclamation area century built world-class agricultural enterprise group. The future target of reclamation area is: The world class green modernized agricultural enterprise group. It has three meanings and signs: first of all, it is a modern agricultural enterprise, is the world's most advanced agricultural science and technology, the most effective agricultural management, the most developed agricultural mechanization equipment, the epitome of the contemporary enterprise group; 2010, the northern Wilderness sales revenue and the world's top 500 companies, the last one of the largest Japanese print sales income, compared to 49%. Northern Wilderness Group Corporation to accelerate internal integration, as soon as possible to form a "five centers" (Capital Operations center, Capital Management Center, operating profit center, extraterritorial Development Center, Innovation Research and Development Center), external acquisitions and mergers (including for overseas agriculture and Food investment), will soon enter the world's top 500 companies, Become the world's largest agricultural enterprise group. Again, it is the Green Agriculture Modernization Enterprise Group, it will innovate the green agriculture development pattern, the development green Agricultural product, provides the safe green food, establishesGreen industry chain, to become a world-class green food production base.　　To 2015, the green food planting base area of 30 million mu, organic (export) agricultural base area reached 3 million Mu, to 2020, 38 million MU and 5 million acres respectively.　　The core of the "dream of the Wilderness" is to establish three systems: Green agricultural system, green industrial system and green Town system. In addition, the reclamation area to achieve national goals, to ensure "three security." As China's largest reclamation area, the northern wilderness needs to bear and ensure the three countries of non-traditional security functions: First, food security, that is, to continue to provide the state commodity grain, China's largest commodity grain strategic base. Second, food safety, establish the quality and safety system of the whole reclamation area, export base product quality traceability system, become China's largest green safety food industry base; third, ecological security, protection of green ecological space, including forests, grasslands, wetlands and surface area, protection of water resources, as far as possible to maintain the balance of water supply and demand, improve　　Rainfall and other surface water ratios.　　In a word, the development of the northern wilderness in the past more than 60 years is not a straight road, but not an easy way to achieve the goal, it has also experienced many successes and setbacks, smooth and tortuous, but in the "Spirit of the Wilderness" under the role of the northern wilderness people to develop a unique "road of the northern wilderness." It is a successor to the worldwide modernization of agriculture, than the USA developed the Mississippi R. Basin Black Land Late 100, which developed Ukrainian black land than the former Soviet Union 20-30 years later; with the aid and help of the Soviet Union, the frontier land in the northern Wilderness has become the pioneer of Chinese agricultural modernization and mechanization. "Big Farm set Family farm", "large group set up a big farm" system, but also become the world's agricultural modernization and the pursuit of mechanization of agriculture; today, the northern Wilderness has become a world-class modern agricultural enterprise group, reached the most modern agricultural machinery and equipment, modern agricultural science and technology integration capacity and independent innovation ability most unique,　　The best of modern agricultural field management has created a world-wide, large-scale, high yield, stable and high quality rice miracle, which has become the leader of the global grain production level, and has made great contributions to China's agriculture, especially the overall grain production capacity.　　In short, the basic elements of the "Road of the Northern Wilderness" are: The brand of the northern wilderness, Chinese characteristics, socialism (political direction), and the road of green agriculture modernization. [Note: 1. The author of this article in September 1969 by the Beijing Junior High School to 1 Division 6 Regiment of Heilongjiang Corps (now the General administration of Heilongjiang province, North Mountain branch of the two Longshan farm) educated, has served as a class monitor, cooking class monitor, agricultural Platoon platoon leader, deputy instructor; , in October 1976, transferred to North China Metallurgical Geological Exploration company 520 team, is now the director of the National Research Center of Tsinghua University, professor of the School of Public administration, 2. The title of this article is added by the editor and is not reviewed by the author. ]