On the differences between DNS and IDNs and the addressing of Chinese domain names

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Over the past 10 years, the Internet status, role and role of Chinese domain names have never ceased. Here I would like to explain the English domain name (DNS) and international Domain name (IDNs) system differences, followed by the internationalization of the domain name (IDNs) system of the standardization process, and finally speak objectively familiar with Chinese domain name addressing topics.

Difference between English domain name and internationalized Domain Name System

Since the Internet, distributed network needs a location (network number) to let the man-machine conversation to find information store, this is "network addressing" 摡.

The first distributed network of computers, Information transmission protocol (that is, the digital information can be sent to the remote delivery process format documents) in 4 sets of numbers (for example: 61.135 162.43 representing an IP address in Beijing) IP address expression. Since the Internet trade, in order to facilitate trade addressing, engineers have finally invented the use of English letters, Arabic numerals plus "-" characters such as the network English domain Name System.

In the final analysis, the internet was invented by English-speaking national engineers, and the purpose of establishing "network addressing" was to facilitate the sharing of information on the Internet. When this set of addressing systems was established, the engineers did not have any political or cultural discrimination at all. Of course, people do not specialize in writing code for non-English-speaking national internet languages. This is the history of the Internet.

Non-English-speaking countries apply for access to the Internet, of course, to the countries that invented the Internet. China in this aspect of history, you can search the Internet for Qiheng academician, Chan Hualin teacher and other experts over the years to the media to tell the history, I have had the opportunity to have some meetings and interviews with them when they told the story.

The purpose of this topic is to tell you that an objective Internet addressing is complete 摡: there is no such thing as the so-called internet addressing in China, because the Chinese Internet must follow the three principles of internationalization, international standards and interconnection, so as not to fall into the "Chinese IPv9" That narrow nationalism is misleading the public with its idea of it. This is also the Ministry of Industry has always advocated the national Internet addressing industrial development principles and policies.

So, what is the English domain name and internationalized Domain Name System and what is the difference? The world's first non-English domain name is Japan, in the early 2007, nearly 1 million Japanese registered domain name, Japanese domain name accounted for more than 60%, and 2002 Internet name and digital address distribution Agency (ICANN) When holding the Shanghai meeting, I interviewed Jpnic responsible for the Japanese registered domain name engineers. "The Japanese prefer to use the Japanese domain name, but the IETF, an open organization responsible for global Internet technology standards, has just passed the Chinese domain name solution, submitted by China's CDNC (Chinese domain name Coordination Group)," he explained. To avoid confusing the domain Name system established by countries with the original English domain name, ICANN is called the "Internationalized Domain Name System" by the domain Name system established by the countries.

Standardization process of Internationalized Domain Name System

This is a slow process, and there has been no discussion of the IETF since there is a system of state-written domain names. Until October 24, 2002, only the "Chinese domain Name" solution will be discussed first. It was not until December 2005 that the text domain Name System in 12 countries was listed in the Test list by ICANN, with the largest number of "Chinese domain Names" users.

In the standardization process of Internationalized Domain Name System, ICANN's International Domain Name System Policy Advisory Committee thought: English speciation domain name (GTLD) of the implementation of the program is more complex, the provider of solutions and the company too much, coordinated a lot of work to do. and the national and regional speciation domain name (ccTLD) scheme implementation is much easier. As a result, ICANN separates the Internationalized Domain Name System into two groups.

By the end of 2008, the national and regional speciation domain name IDNs policy has been launched into the global countdown, based on this policy plan, in each country and region speciation under the domain name, promised to use a corresponding international domain Name System. For example: ". cn" Domain name corresponds to Chinese. Chinese "domain name,". HK "domain name corresponds". Hong Kong "domain name,". JP "domain name corresponds to" Japanese. Japan ".

There is also a need to explain several ways to successfully access the Internationalized Domain name (IDN):

The first is plug-in mode, similar to the 3721 of the same plug-in mode, it is a browser-guided to access the Internationalized domain name of the database to achieve addressing objectives. This approach is more annoying, almost as a "rogue plug-in" approach. But it is user-led computer, more effective.

The second is that Internet access providers (ISPs) implement addressing targets from a router-wide boot approach to a database that accesses Internationalized domain names. This way compared to the first more advanced point, because the ISP access to the policy level of the internationalization of the domain name connected. But the problem is that if there are other plug-ins interfering with the user's entire computer boot, the problem in this way still cannot be solved by 100%.

The third is ICANN's Internationalized Domain Name System root server approach. That is, anywhere on the internet, as long as the IPV4 network, the user-side Internet access devices can use some kind of international domain Name system corresponding to the text, then the registered International Domain name experiment to address the purpose of access.

Objectively familiar with the topic of addressing Chinese domain names

Here, I quote the author of the August 23 in the New Zealand * * * * * * to attend APNIC meeting on the road, Oakland Airport in New Zealand to consult Chan Hualin Teacher's dialogue as a reply:

Shenyang Q: So, ICANN only recognizes it. China "Chinese domain name", then we mii "China Internet Domain Name management method" and "China Internet domain Name System Bulletin" about setting. Company "and". Will the idea of a network domain name be delayed?

Money teacher Answer: it is true. Since China is the top Chinese domain name for "companies" and "networks", gTLD will also offer ICANN solutions, at least in the short term. China's "Company" and "network" Chinese top-level domain name scheme is not necessarily more than other countries and regions have the upper hand of the scheme. and ". China "is back to us cnnic governance, is the only solution."

Shenyang Q: "Chinese domain name" parsing can be done page-level code? Because it is related to the search engine crawler software will be recognized by the "Chinese domain name" to do the topic of the Web page.

Money teacher A: Technical "Chinese domain name" parsing may be done page-level code, but because of the server support software is still very few people do this support, so basically or Web site addressing, web-level code can not be implemented in the "Chinese domain name" to write. In the future, someone needs to do technology development.

Shenyang Q: There is no such a possibility in the future. China "Chinese domain name" ICANN confirms that it is registered as the root of the Internationalized domain name and changes the "Company" and "Network" Top 2 Chinese domain names to ". Company。 China ",". Internet. China "in such a format, the Mii two regulations 3 Chinese top-level domain names are enabled?

Money teacher Answer: it is possible to do so technically, but also better to manipulate. this with ". CN "domain name has". com. CN ",". Net. CN "And so on level three speciation domain name practice is consistent.

Professor Chan Hualin answers the current status of Chinese domain names and future technical and policy issues. These topics allow us to register and use Chinese domain names in the future. China ", know how to choose what kind of speciation" Chinese domain name "will become ICANN to confirm registration as an Internationalized domain name, its current functionality and possible future functionality is more complete and familiar.