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the status quo of the information construction of commercial enterprises
with China's accession to the WTO, in order to compete with the multinational enterprises that are about to enter the Chinese market, a profound change is taking place in the field of commodity circulation in China: resource integration and chain building.
with the enlargement of chain operation scale, the informatization construction of enterprise management, especially the information construction of commercial logistics management, it gets the attention of managers at all levels, the computer as an effective management tool plays an increasingly important role in the chain operation process. Chain enterprises do not hesitate to invest huge sums of money for information construction, thereby splitting a broad market space for it enterprises.
However, the current situation of logistics management informatization construction in commercial enterprises is very worrying. A common phenomenon is that the information system implementation process is very painful, and the life cycle is too short, not more than two years, information systems can not adapt to the requirements of enterprises, forcing enterprises to reinvest, update the system. We see the fact that many enterprises in the information construction repeated investment many times, failed.
Logistics Management software life cycle is short, the application is not ideal, failure cases too much, resulting in the business enterprise to the computer industry trust decline, investment cautious, selection cycle extension, more stringent requirements for computer enterprises, so that software enterprises in the sales, implementation, return, service and other links, more difficult, cycle extension, cost rise, and software enterprises, in order to ensure profits, on the one hand, to improve the price, on the other hand has to reduce service input, affect the service level, so that enterprises to the computer industry left a worse impression. This form a vicious circle, thus for the Enterprise management software field, cover a layer of frost.
Therefore, now the computer industry circulated a word is, "management software long winter, spring do not know when to come."
Two. Characteristics of information construction in commercial enterprises
Enterprise Logistics Management Information construction of the basic characteristics, is the manual management era through the management system, manual monitoring management and business processes, through the computer network technology and database management technology, materialized into computer Management software, so with the help of computer fast, accurate, controllable data processing capabilities, control business process flow , improve and refine the level of enterprise logistics management, so as to improve the core competitiveness of enterprises.
Enterprise management means and management methods of computer to achieve this basic characteristics, determines the enterprise logistics Management information construction, to fully meet the management requirements of enterprises.
In the fierce commercial competition, the enterprise is to obtain the living space through the change, the novelty, to seek the difference, therefore the enterprise management has not pat, completely by the enterprise decision-makers ' management thought, and the enterprise faces the market to decide, thus decides the enterprise management the important characteristic:
Personalization: Different enterprises, there are different management methods;
Dynamic: The same enterprise, in different stages of development, there are different management requirements
the individuality and dynamic characteristics of enterprise management, it determines the personalization and dynamics of computer system as management means.
three. The problems of informatization construction in commercial enterprises
This personalized, dynamic management requirements, to the logistics management software brings many problems.
1. Development means problem
Traditional management software development, there are two ways, one is the commercialization of software product development, the other is software customization development.
commercialization of software, for the requirements of unified, management pattern of the same areas is feasible, such as the financial management area, financial software company's development team, will carry out detailed planning and design, the development of software products, in the software before the listing, also need to undergo a comprehensive test.
for the management of different needs, with enterprise personality needs of the logistics management, especially the logistics management of chain enterprises, the common way is the second, that is, the choice of experienced specialized computer companies, in its precipitation information system based on the needs of enterprises to transform and adjust.
This custom development pattern, to the software enterprise, faces such several problems:
One is that enterprise income is limited. This model sells the time of the software technician, because a custom service for a customer must be equipped with a technical team to take a certain amount of time for the customer to do. In this way, the software enterprise's income is limited by the enterprise's human resources.
the second is the problem of manpower cost. Custom development software enterprises are faced with a distressed problem is that the project when more people are less, the project is less than people. In order to ensure that some people do when there is a project, custom software enterprises must reserve a considerable talent team. And the biggest cost of software companies is human expenditure, on the average, a project's manpower costs are considerable.
The third is the management cost problem. To take the single ability strong software enterprise, along with the project increase, had to enlarge the personnel scale, the person is many, the management cost exponentially number level increases, the project implementation quality drops. We see a lot of management software companies, after the immediate decline in financing, that is why.
This custom development model, for commercial enterprises, faced with such a few problems:
software stability. As a result of the adoption of custom development, some features are tailored for customers, nature has not been a large area, a full range of testing, therefore, the emergence of bugs is very normal, therefore, customers need to undergo a painful running-in period.
The impact of
mobility is large/. It industry is a very large staff mobility industry, if the customer customized development of the loss of technical personnel, if the software Enterprise document management is not good, the impact on the enterprise is very large.
[B]2. Regional problems
personalized, custom development and so on, the decision of the commercial enterprise and software developers must have enough face-to-face communication, especially the dynamic changes in the needs of enterprises, requiring developers to respond to the needs of enterprises in a timely manner. All these have put forward the localization development and the service request to the software enterprise.
this kind of regional characteristic, decided the commercial software enterprise to carry on the national market development, can only confine itself in the region.
we can see, in the north, the first sound software company, in the south is unknown, in the South Dash software companies, in the north but no trace.
3. Market capacity Problem
commercial software market, from the overall perspective, quite large. However, due to the differences in industry demand, the market segmentation by industry is not so big. For example, the city of Beijing's commercial enterprises have tens of thousands of, but if only to see pharmacies, only more than 1500, if the bookstore alone, and not more than 2000. And in the pharmacy of the management system, to get to the bookstore, is not used up. As a result, there are few software companies grappling with the pharmaceutical industry, and vice versa.
4. The problem of software lifecycle
in the maintenance phase, the management needs of commercial enterprises will change from time to time, that is, the dynamic demand problem, the reason is:
By using computers to make managers aware of the differences between traditional and computer management, they will improve their own management to fully use the computer's management capabilities
Market competition will inevitably bring about the adjustment and transformation of management ideas, business expansion and contraction, also to the existing system to put forward new requirements
regardless of the reason, the new demand, software companies will face a difficult choice: to modify the system to meet customer needs.
One choice is: In order to pursue the system stability, cannot change, one choice is: change.
If you do not change, when the customer's new requirements accumulated to a certain extent, generally not more than two years, a large number of businesses need manual processing, can not use computer systems, then the computer system has lost the legitimacy of the continued use.
If the adjustment system, because the customer has been online use, can not stop the business, adjust the system brings instability, may affect other business, to the normal work of the customer impact, over time, customers can not tolerate.
larger problem, is the response time problem, usually into the maintenance period, the software enterprises will be transferred to the new project, it is difficult to put more energy for the maintenance of old customers, so fundamentally difficult to ensure that the customer needs timely feedback.
regardless of that choice, the end result is that the business enterprise can not tolerate the original system, will eventually replace the system, resulting in a short-lived software system.
the existence of the above four aspects, to lock the business software Enterprise, bring great confusion:
investment in the development of the pharmaceutical industry to complete the management software, to enter another industry also need to re-enter; it is not easy to develop a product, can only be sold in the region, access to another area is very difficult; every customer is found, it needs to be customized, and revenue is obtained by selling limited technician time Customer use process, and constantly emerging new needs to be resolved, but also to catch up with human resources; a customer version, can not upgrade.
This is the big and small business software enterprise survival status quo, very difficult.
This is also the start of both financial software and commercial software companies, financial software companies, the company's heyday, business software companies are struggling for the important reason.
Four. Great Business opportunities
Although
face various difficulties, the market of information construction of commodity circulation enterprise still has huge business opportunity. At present, from the perspective of business opportunities, there are several trends in this field:
1. The desire to use computers in commercial enterprises is getting higher
from the beginning of the 90, with the wide use of computer in the field of commodity circulation, commercial enterprise decision makers are increasingly aware of the importance of using computers for business management. In particular, with the development of chain management and the expansion of business scale, Computer Management has become a necessary means of chain management, and enterprise informatization becomes an inevitable trend. and the individual store's computer use desire is also very strong.
This can be proved by the rapid growth of computer penetration in recent years.
in the case of pharmacies in Beijing, according to our sample survey conducted in June 2000, we surveyed 40 individual stores in retail pharmacies, of which seven used computers, accounting for 20% of the weak.
from December 2002 to March 2003, we interviewed 1180 pharmacies in Beijing and visited more than 100 pharmacies directly, and the statistics obtained were that the computer penetration rate of single shop has reached 70%, and the chain-store penetration rate is 100%.
from the above example, in just two years, the medical retail industry in Beijing, the computer penetration rate increased by nearly three times times.
also according to our partner Shenyang Bo branch of Shenyang Market survey, Shenyang Drug Administration approved 180 pharmacies (Shenyang City), has been on the computer accounted for 20%, not using the computer system of pharmacies, nearly 50% of pharmacies have the recent use of computer plans.
2. The business enterprise invests the scale to be more and more big
Another obvious trend is that enterprises through many investment failure, the enterprise decision-making level more and more profound, in the information construction investment is more and more big.
For example, Beijing News Company in 1999 years spent 8,000 yuan to buy a set of commercialized logistics software, 2000 at the end of the cost of a software company to request customization, unsuccessful. August 2002 spent 250,000 Yuan, signed a development agreement with our company.
again such as, Beijing Golden Elephant chain and Beida Jade Bird signed a contract amount of 2 million yuan Logistics Management system Development Agreement; Beijing Jia Tong Chain Pharmacy and Beijing British grams Company signed the contract value of millions of dollars.
Five. A solution
in the face of these difficulties and business opportunities, we have been thinking about the question is that there is no way to solve the business enterprise information construction facing the problem?
as IT companies, we provide computer services for a number of enterprises, has the honor to communicate with a number of business managers. In this process, we gradually to the enterprise information construction process problems, forming some opinions and views.
in our opinion, the problems encountered in the construction of enterprise Informatization are based on the individuation of customer management demand and the computer satisfies this individuation process, in the view of contradiction, the contradiction between enterprise individuation demand and lag computer contingency ability is the main contradiction of enterprise informatization construction.
by Software Enterprises Research and development, sales, customization, implementation, maintenance of one-stop service, personalized development by software enterprises complete the traditional way, will inevitably face the contradictions arising from the various puzzles, software companies struggling is the inevitable result of this contradiction.
according to our practical experience, for an industry, for example, the pharmaceutical industry, business enterprise management of personalized requirements follow the 28 principle, that is, in the overall demand, there are not more than 20% of the requirements are unique to customers, the other 80% is generic.
to solve these 20% personalized needs, a feasible way is to take a horizontal joint, each has a special worker road. That is, the software developers, customers, customer location of the computer companies together to solve the personalized needs of customers:
L software developers to complete the 80% universal demand, the formation of product
L client Local computer companies provide localized support to address a subset of personalized requirements
L customer's own technical team, to solve part of the demand
The key work of software developers is to resolve cross-industry product differences and provide a product-oriented industry management system; Local computer companies focus on addressing the customer's personalized needs during the implementation period; The customer technical team focuses on dynamic changes during the maintenance period.
The main point of making the above ideas become reality is openness and tooling.
so-called openness, refers to the business system kernel to open, to share. To open the business system kernel to the local computer company of the business enterprise, enabling it to maintain and adjust its systems to provide localized support and services to commercial enterprises; On the other hand, the business system core should be opened to the enterprise's own technical team, so that the enterprise has the ability to maintain and update the system.
The prerequisite for
openness is to provide an interactive tool for system development and maintenance.
traditional coding methods, there are difficulties in learning, long learning cycle, the quality of personnel requirements of higher issues; At the same time, in the current domestic credit mechanism is not perfect, developers are also difficult to fully open their code, otherwise it will lose the protection of safeguarding their own interests.
based on the above understanding, we adopt such a system implementation plan:
L develop a commercialized interactive, modular development platform
L Build commercialized industry logistics management system on development platform
L Interactive Development Platform as a system maintenance tool, with the logistics management system, submitted to the user
L Logistics Management System is fully open to users and computer companies
Six. Business model
based on openness
based on the above thought, since 2001, Sang-Jiang software investment, the development of the "Sangyuan Enterprise Management System Interactive development Platform SIDK" version 1.0, and as a tool for the development and completion of the "Pharmaceutical Chain Enterprise Management System" version 2.0.
The system has been running in a number of enterprises, and has solved the problem of personalized customer demand. Taking the information system construction of Yichun Bright Medicine group in Heilongjiang Province as an example, we have formed a three-level service system such as the Beijing Mulberry Yichun software, Heilongjiang long di Company, and the information Department of Guangming Group, which solves the problem of the information construction of medical group together and has achieved very good effect.
in the process of practice, with open, tools as the foundation, we also found a suitable business model to solve the market problems.
to open industry application System products + development tools for the button belt, in the country with the computer companies to establish horizontal relations of cooperation.
as a tool developer, Sang-Jiang software is mainly committed to become a platform for the company to strengthen the following five platform construction:
Knowledge Platform
in the Yangtze River software to the long-term accumulation of industry experience standardization, product, knowledge-based, the formation of industry system products and knowledge system. At present, "Pharmaceutical chain industry Management system" and knowledge system has been established.
at the same time, Mulberry in the Yangtze River software to be the main focus on the new industry project development, thus accumulating industry experience, summing up the knowledge of these industries, and to carry out product work.
through step-by-step work, for partners to provide various industries business application systems, to solve the small market segments of the user capacity of the problem.
Technology Platform
in the Yangtze River software to focus on the underlying technology and forward-looking technology research and development, for partners and customers to provide technical support.
Business Platform
in the Yangtze River software to be committed to the nationwide computer companies to establish partnerships, so as to establish a nationwide marketing system and service system.
Talent Platform
in the Yangtze River software to focus on senior technical personnel and senior Implementation Manager training, partners do not need to reserve too much talent, when needed by the Sango software to provide, thereby reducing the industry companies and partners in human costs. To solve the problem of high human cost in software enterprises.
Training Platform
in the Yangtze River software to be committed to the construction of training system for partners and customers with a full range of training services.
is based on the "five platform" function, for the ability to set up a technical team of large customers, together with the customer side technical staff, the formation of a dedicated development team to jointly develop the implementation. Through this cooperation, the customer side technicians have the ability to maintain and adjust the system to solve the localization support problem of the dynamic change of the enterprise's requirements.
for SME customers, it is supported and serviced by local computer companies.
Seven. Desire for cooperation
in the course of practice, we are deeply aware that the above business model to be achieved in the country, is a complex and arduous task, must have funds, resources, market and other aspects of strong support, relying on their own strength is far from enough, must take the road of joint and cooperative.
Therefore, we are eager to find a strong partner, seize the enterprise information construction business opportunities for the commodity enterprise information construction to make more contributions, while maximizing profits.
