Research on urban logistics distribution mode under electronic commerce

Absrtact: Logistics is one of the main bottlenecks of the rapid development of e-commerce, especially now, the requirement of time, fixed point and ration of distribution logistics is put forward by urban residents. Based on the advantages of the urban logistics distribution and the demand of the residents, this paper puts forward the framework of the urban logistics distribution system composed of the virtual logistics system and the physical distribution system, according to which the Enterprise City Logistics distribution is divided into four kinds of models, and the distribution scale and cost are compared.

The advantage of the city logistics distribution under the electronic commerce

The City logistics distribution under the electronic commerce refers to the logistics distribution enterprise adopt the network computer technology and the modernized hardware equipment, the software system and the advanced management means, according to the local city and its surrounding area resident's demand, strictly keep promise according to the user's order request, carry on a series of classification, allocation, sorting, Distribution and other work, timing, fixed-point, quantitative to all types of users to meet their needs for commodities. Compared with the traditional urban logistics distribution system, the urban logistics distribution system under the electronic commerce has the following advantages:

1. Lower requirements for warehousing equipment. The traditional city logistics distribution system must first have a large area of the warehouse, E-commerce under the City Logistics distribution system will be scattered around, and may belong to different owners of the warehouse, through the network system connected to form a "virtual warehouse", and the unified management and deployment of the use.

2. Can be directly distributed to consumers. Traditional urban logistics distribution system can not be directly distributed to consumers but sent to the corresponding supermarkets, convenience stores and other market terminals, and then by the market through the "pull" way to attract consumers to buy, and E-commerce under the urban distribution logistics system using "push" and "pull" to attract consumer choice, and can be directly distributed to consumers, Making consumers feel like they're driving a big supermarket home.

3. Shorten the time of logistics distribution. In the traditional logistics distribution management, due to the restrictions of information exchange, the time to complete a distribution process is relatively long; but this time as the network system intervention will become shorter and faster, any information and resources on the distribution will be through the network management in a few seconds to the relevant links, In the appropriate area can do 1 hours or less time distribution in place, such as Xi ' an 96128, Beijing's e country 1 hours.

4. The network control of logistics distribution replaces the traditional logistics and distribution control. The traditional logistics distribution process consists of several business processes, influenced by human factors and time; New logistics distribution business processes are connected by the network system, when any one nerve end of the system received a demand information, the system can respond in a very short time, and can draw up a detailed distribution plan, Inform each link to start work. In other words, the new logistics and distribution business can realize the whole process of real-time monitoring and real-time decision-making, and all of this work is done by the computer according to the people in advance design procedures for automatic completion.

5. Simplify the logistics and distribution links. Traditional logistics distribution of the whole link is extremely cumbersome, in the networked new Logistics distribution center, this process can be greatly shortened. Technologies supported by the network can be used more fully in the network environment, the logistics distribution cycle will shorten, the organization mode will also change; computer system management can make the whole process of logistics and distribution management become simple and easy; business promotion on the Internet can make users ' shopping and trading process more efficient and less expensive can improve the competitiveness of urban logistics distribution enterprises.

6. The capacity to provide decision-making support for the supply chain has increased significantly. Because can let the user through the network to understand the order processing situation, and may make the suggestion and the opinion at any time, more because the distribution business personnel may contact the consumer directly, carries on the face-to-face communication, can the real feeling user's feeling and the opinion, provides the massive support information for each link decision-making in the supply chain

Ii. framework of urban logistics distribution system under electronic commerce

The City logistics distribution system under e-commerce includes e-commerce system (Virtual Logistics system) and physical distribution system (see Figure 1):

Fig. 1 framework of urban logistics distribution system under electronic commerce

The e-commerce system of urban logistics distribution is mainly the Logistics information Processing system under electronic commerce, which can be called "Virtual logistics system", including the following four parts:

1. E-commerce platform and call center system part: Consumers through the system to understand commodity information, and place orders, if necessary, through it to understand the order implementation, dynamic communication.

2. Urban Logistics Distribution Management Information System: Responsible for commodity preparation, distribution personnel arrangements, consumer information transmission.

3.SCM (supply chain Management) system: responsible for the procurement of goods, quality assurance, and the corresponding suppliers to negotiate distribution to the corresponding distribution center warehouse, supermarkets, convenience stores.

4. Assistant Management and decision Support system: including CRM (Customer relationship Management) system and DSS (decision support System), the personalized demand of consumers demands that logistics distribution be centered on consumers, and that paying attention to and satisfying consumer needs becomes one of the core tasks of enterprises.

Physical distribution system includes warehousing management, distribution points, distribution team management and recycling logistics. The Urban logistics Distribution Management Information System distributes the distribution task to the storage point of the corresponding goods and the distribution place of the consumers in the network mode. If necessary, can manage to the distribution personnel, so that the distribution site of the corresponding personnel timing, fixed-point, quantitative, safe distribution of goods to consumers, confirm order processing and collection of opinions , and in accordance with the relevant provisions of recycling logistics processing.

Iii. types of urban Logistics distribution mode

The development of e-commerce is subject to the bottleneck of logistics, and the trans-regional e-commerce is more so, so to solve the problem of e-commerce logistics, we should consider the development of the logistics distribution in the region, if the regional logistics has been developed vigorously, the interregional logistics interconnection will be solved in the electronic commerce.

At present, China's large and medium-sized cities have established a good physical distribution system, such as Xi ' an Chinese business digital 96128 Yellow Horse folder, Beijing E Country 1 hours of Red Horse folder, Shanghai Mellin and, the city's mineral water, purified water distribution system. But the virtual logistics system of the core "e-commerce system" of urban logistics distribution has not been established and perfected, especially the electronic commerce system of urban logistics distribution which can be widely applied. In this system, in addition to standardize the business process, the establishment of urban distribution logistics commodity standard system, distribution standard system, but also to have advanced, efficient management process, as well as efficient for consumers to provide distribution services, timely for the urban logistics distribution system in all aspects of decision-making support. According to the framework of urban logistics distribution system, enterprises can choose the following four kinds of modes to carry out urban distribution logistics:

1. Enterprise's own virtual logistics system and physical distribution system. The enterprises referred to here include physical supermarkets, convenience stores of the chain enterprises, but also include like 96128 Shopping Network, e country 1 hours, such as virtual enterprises. Enterprises can establish their own virtual logistics system and physical distribution system (such as Figure 2), to achieve the enterprise unified procurement, internal logistics, more importantly, to meet the needs of urban residents distribution.

Fig. 2 Enterprise Self-built virtual logistics system and physical distribution system

2. The use of the existing Third-party virtual logistics system, self-built physical distribution system. For most non-IT companies, virtual logistics systems can be bottlenecks, especially for commercial companies that have used simple, efficient physical distribution systems, such as pure water distribution business systems around the world. On the basis of existing business, as long as the use of sophisticated Third-party urban Logistics distribution E-commerce system, it is possible to expand the city distribution business to the needs of urban residents in all aspects, the supermarket to open the real door to the residents.

Fig. 3 Using the third party virtual logistics system, the self-built physical distribution system

3. The use of the existing Third-party physical distribution system, self-built virtual logistics system. For the emerging E-commerce enterprises, they have e-commerce ideas, models, can be very good to attract the public eye, and can be very good to obtain orders, that is, the enterprise has a well-functioning virtual logistics distribution system, the key is by WHO to execute, the customer needs of the bread sent to the customer hand. As in the previous 8848, now when all belong to this kind of enterprise. They use their IT technology advantages and E-commerce model to obtain orders, and the physical logistics distribution to the third party implementation.

Fig. 4 Using the third party physical distribution system and constructing the virtual logistics system

4. Adopt third party virtual logistics system and third party physical distribution system. For traditional supermarkets, convenience stores E-commerce, the core business of the enterprise is not in the logistics distribution, so in the implementation of E-commerce, you can adopt a third-party approach.

Fig. 5 Using the Third party virtual logistics system and the third party physical distribution system

Comparison of four or four kinds of urban logistics distribution modes

Someone to start from the physical distribution, e-commerce process called "from the ground to the sky", such as Mellin, 96128, and the physical distribution from E-commerce called "from the sky to the ground", such as 8848, Dangdang and so on. But the focus and core competencies are different, from the ground to the sky, the emphasis is on logistics distribution, and in the logistics distribution based on E-commerce are implemented within the enterprise, and so far, from the sky to the ground E-commerce Enterprise core is business, logistics and distribution are basically to the third party to achieve. But the specific use of the urban logistics distribution model, in accordance with the requirements of enterprises to meet the needs of residents, should be used as far as possible low-cost way.

Fig. 64 The relationship between the cost of logistics distribution mode and the quantity of distribution

Description: (1) Self-built virtual logistics system and physical distribution system, (2) The construction of physical distribution system, the use of Third-party virtual logistics system, (3) The construction of virtual logistics system, the use of third-party physical distribution system, (4) all the use of third-party logistics.

As shown in Figure 6, if you adopt all your own plans to set up a distribution system, then enterprises need to invest a lot of money to build distribution centers, warehouses, e-commerce systems and other infrastructure, these investments in the short term is difficult to recover, and these costs as a large fixed cost will make the company's unit distribution cost is very high, In the long run, only when the enterprise's distribution scale reaches a certain level can the unit distribution cost be reduced gradually. Since the beginning of the fixed investment is very large, so even if the distribution volume is q=0, the distribution cost is not zero; When the distribution scale is small, the unit distribution cost (AC) is larger, and along with the increase of the distribution scale q decreases slowly; When the distribution scale is reached, the AC drops rapidly with the increase of the distribution scale Q, This time the scale of distribution reached economies of scale.

If the use of third-party distribution, the company's distribution costs with the increase in the amount of distribution and gradually rise. In this case, if the delivery volume is q=0, the distribution cost is also zero; with the increase of distribution but the total distribution scale is still relatively small, the distribution cost increase is still relatively slow, when a certain distribution scale, distribution costs will increase rapidly. Enterprises if part of the use of Third-party logistics system in the early stage to invest in some of the funds, although these costs are not built by the high cost but also will make the enterprise's unit distribution cost is higher, only when the enterprise distribution scale reached a certain level before the unit distribution cost gradually reduced. As you can see from Figure 1, you can decide which distribution mode to use based on the amount of distribution.

Of course, the qualitative analysis based on FIG. 6 and the conclusions drawn are the result of considering the impact of the distribution scale. The condition that affects the choice of distribution scheme is not only a distribution scale, but the distribution scale is the most important consideration when the enterprise chooses the distribution scheme.

V. Conclusion

E-commerce City Logistics distribution is an important link in the current development of E-commerce, enterprises to develop urban logistics distribution should choose suitable for the enterprise demand distribution model. Through the analysis of the framework of urban logistics distribution system, the comparison of four kinds of logistics distribution modes, which are built or adopted by the third party virtual logistics system and physical distribution system, can be concluded: The enterprise should choose the suitable logistics distribution mode according to its own distribution scale and cost analysis.

This digest is from the blog: China Research Center for the Business-to-consumer.