Social security experts say migrant workers are better off not participating in pension insurance

In March this year, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences issued a "survey of urban and rural residents ' security situation in China" pointed out: peasant workers social insurance coverage rate is low, in addition to their own insurance awareness is weak and lack of initiative, employing units are not willing to participate in the benefits, the current system is not suitable for Weak law enforcement power is also an important reason for the plight of the peasant workers ' endowment system two years ago, Chen Tianfu's taxi company has asked the driver to sign a contract declaring "voluntary abandonment of endowment Insurance" May 7, Beijing taxi driver, who lives in Shunyi Chen Tianfu (a pseudonym) complained to reporters about his encounter: " The company doesn't give us pension insurance. Who are we migrant workers to talk to? "Chen Tianfu, a 40-year-old rural hukou, has worked for 4 years in a taxi company in Daxing, Beijing. He said that more than two years ago, his taxi company asked the driver to sign a contract stating "voluntary abandonment of endowment insurance".　　"Say is ' voluntary ', but who dares not sign ammonia, Chen Tianfu exclaimed. Chen Tianfu said that for more than two years, the company has not given them the insurance. "Let this industry, for a 56, will not move." What if you retire?　　"Although only 40 years old, Chen Tianfu has worried about his future." Behind the Chen Tianfu is a large group.　　According to industry estimates, Beijing has more than 100,000 taxi drivers, of which more than 70% are rural hukou. The reporter contacted Chen Tianfu the company's one Liu surname vice-president. Liu always admits that there is a similar situation, "The Social security system is a step-by-step establishment, this situation is mainly due to the operation of the past few years." The ratio is about 20% to 30%. "A lot of companies in the industry are doing this," Liu always admits, "but there is more regulation now." As long as these employees make a request to the company, we will certainly give compensation. "However, the more important question is that even if the company pays for Chen Tianfu, the current system does not guarantee that he will be able to fully enjoy the benefits after retirement." According to regulations, endowment insurance must be paid more than 15 years to qualify. In reality, "a lot of people just go home for five or six years."　　In this way, migrant workers can only "liquidate" the pension, that is, simply take back the part of their contribution. It turns out that not everyone is as worried about the existence of old-age insurance as Chen Tianfu. In interviews with reporters, most taxi drivers did not care whether they were "on" or "not on" endowment insurance. "Anyway, how much do we pay for the company?"　　A young driver told reporters.　　Ginseng or not? "If the transfer of work can not be done well, do not mention peasant workers endowment, do not accept his money, so that the enterprise is not good for farmers."　　Tang Jun said that those temporary, informal employment of rural migrant workers, but also with pension insurance. Zhang writes, from Hebei Province, has been a construction worker for more than 1 years in Beijing. "In our line of work, all are proThe nature of the time, there is a live, even the contract does not sign, which have what insurance.　　In the "West Land Working Club", which is specially introduced for the peasant workers, the receptionist told the reporter, similar to domestic, security and other non-enterprise-type post, the workers rarely endowment insurance treatment.　　Figures show that as of the end of 2008, the national participation in the city security of 24.16 million migrant workers, accounted for only 17% of the urban employment of migrant workers. "A survey of social security in China's urban and rural areas", released by the "Comprehensive survey of State of Chinese society" by the Cass in March this year, points out: "Peasant workers ' social insurance participation rate is low, in addition to their own insurance awareness is weak and lack of initiative, the employer is not insured, The current system is not suitable for the actual situation of migrant workers employment, the transfer is not smooth, the weak law enforcement is also an important reason. The problem of "transfer and continuation" has always been a chronic disease plaguing the existing endowment system.　　Because of the low level of co-ordination and the large mobility of peasant workers, in the process of moving from one land to another, before the endowment money can not be brought to new employment, migrant workers often choose to "retreat" or "liquidation", the individual to pay the part of the pension back, but the enterprise to pay for their social co-ordination but stay in place, for local finance to make "contribution." February 5, the Ministry of Human Resources and social Security elaborated the "peasant workers to participate in basic endowment insurance measures" and "urban enterprises workers basic Endowment Insurance Relationship Transfer" temporary measures, and the main policy measures to the public, for comments.　　This approach is seen as the beginning of the ice-breaking problem of "transfer payments". However, Professor Tang Jun, secretary of the Social Policy Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and a researcher at the Sociology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the new method design for the draft was still not ideal, "on the one hand, it stipulates that migrant workers must be insured and not allowed to surrender, but on the other The provisions of the standard of treatment are rather vague. The money is dead, the money is not happy. "Two years ago, I proposed that if the transfer of the work can not be done well, do not mention the peasant workers endowment, do not accept his money, so that the enterprise is not good for farmers."　　"Tang Jun said. Social Security Research expert, Renmin University of China College of Agriculture and Rural Development Professor Benansen held a similar view. Benansen pointed out that the current pension payment standards are usually based on social average wages, enterprises pay 20% as a social co-ordination, individuals pay 8% to enter the personal account.　　"In the case of migrant workers can not actually enjoy the old-age security, this is in fact for enterprises and individuals to increase the economic burden of 28%, reduce economic competitiveness." "If a migrant worker asks me if I want to take part in the endowment insurance, my point is: if I can not participate, I will not participate." "Benansen," said the words, means that the competitiveness of migrant workers will increase. You will have the bargaining power with your boss. "But," Benansen added, "Once you're in retirement insurance, my advice is not to stop and not to retire." Believe that the transfer will be resolved by the day you retire. Be confident about this. ”　　Who for who? The current "social co-ordination" + "personal account" model means that people who are working are not only saving for individuals, but also for others. This is a "too benevolent and too expensive system" "Our existing endowment insurance system, initially aimed at the state-owned enterprises staff design, did not take into account the participation of migrant workers."　　Professor Tang Jun thinks. China's endowment insurance reform began in the late 80, the early 90, mainly in order to solve the urban enterprises, especially the state-owned Enterprises Employees retirement pension problem, so originally called "Urban Enterprise workers Basic Endowment insurance."　　Later gradually "Expand the surface", but the scope of implementation is mainly limited to urban workers. It is understood that the international old-age insurance has two modes, one is Pay-as-you-go, simply say is the annual collection of money, annual money, equivalent to using the money now workers to raise the elderly. The second is a personal account, that is, to save their own money. At the beginning of the reform of China's endowment system, there were two kinds of disputes. "The final decision is one, forming what is now called ' Social co-ordination ' + ' personal account ' mode.　　According to Tang Jun, this is an inherently "unsustainable" system. The biggest problem is that too much money is collected.　　"Social co-ordination" + "personal account" means that the person who is working is not only saving for the individual, but also for other people's old age. In theory, 8% of individuals are put up in personal accounts, and 20% of the business is part of the social co-ordination. But in fact, every year, the money collected, all pay the existing old age pension is not enough, the country, the government every year to paste 1000多个亿. In fact, there is no money in the personal account, this is the so-called empty account problem. From 1998 to 1999, Guangdong Province took the lead in integrating peasant workers into endowment insurance, and implemented city-level co-ordination. Prior to this, the original pension fund in Guangdong province is not rich, but after joining the migrant workers, pension funds suddenly well-off. "This is in fact using the money of migrant workers to provide for the urban people." "Such institutional arrangements mean that the co-ordination between the municipalities is independent of each other, it also means that the" surrender "of migrant workers is tantamount to abandoning the social co-ordination part of corporate pay.　　In the investigation of Benansen, it has become customary for some local governments in Guangdong to provide good help and services for migrant workers to "surrender". Benansen quoted experts from the Organisation for Economic Co-Development (OECD) as saying that China's current endowment insurance system is "too benevolent and too expensive". Because "the substitution rate is too high, up to 70% to 80%." The reasonable range is about 40%.　　"Substitution rate" is a social security term, which refers to the ratio of the pension to the original salary of the individual. Compared with 28% of China's pension rates, in the United States, the wage rate for old-age pensions is 15%.　　It is with this 15% payroll tax that America's endowment insurance covers more than 90% of the population. "Survey of Social security status of urban and rural residents in China" shows that in 2008, 53% of the 18-69-year-old population with urban Hukou participated in urban endowment insurance andThe proportion of rural household population with age is only 5.6%. "Because the money is not enough to spend, so to collect more, because the overcharged, so the expansion is not open." This is the dilemma of the existing system. Benansen concluded. "This is a system designed for the minority. If the hard to promote to the whole, will inevitably bring a land, a country's economic competitiveness decline.　　According to the February issue of "migrant workers to participate in the Basic Endowment Insurance Scheme", the proportion of contributions has been reduced to the unit to pay 12%; Model Choice Benansen Four principles for the future of the new and urban-rural Endowment Insurance System: broad coverage, low level, uniform, mandatory fifth national census shows: in 2000, 72% of the working-age population flowing to towns came from rural areas. The ageing of cities will be eased by the constant influx of rural labor, but the rural elderly have to stay at home.　　In addition, the level of ageing in rural areas (7.13%) is already greater than in cities (6.69%), and in the 5-10-year period, rural ageing will reach 30% to 40%. Traditionally, the Chinese countryside has always taken the family intergenerational endowment as the main way of endowment. But the endowment pressure brought by family planning system, as well as the increase of migrant workers, began to change this model quietly. "In many places, 40% of the net income of farmers comes from working. The pressure of old age makes some workers have to pay high opportunity cost to return home. "Rural areas do have the need to establish a pension system," Benansen said. Dr. Fan Rei of the Sociology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has just returned from Chongqing research.　　He confirmed that many migrant workers return home no longer work, there is an important reason is retirement. Since 2008, the new rural endowment insurance has been pushed away nationwide. Taking Beijing as an example, the new rural security system has a combination of individual account and basic pension.　　When a man reaches the age of 60 and is 55 years old, he or she can enjoy a subsidy of $280 and a pension for a personal account. Tang Jun that this is a good system. "If the system can be spread across the country, it is better for migrant workers to take part in their native lands pension insurance," he said. According to our survey, farmers themselves are willing to put money at home, more assured. "Benansen's views are at odds with this:" To encourage the current migrant workers to gradually integrate into a new urban old-age security system. Urbanization is an inevitable process, and more and more labor force entering the city is an inevitable process. It is inconceivable that in another 10 years and 20 years, we still have 300 million of our workforce moving between urban and rural areas.　　"Benansen for the future of a new, urban and rural endowment insurance system put forward four principles: broad coverage, low level, unified, mandatory." "There is a special emphasis on unification, and we don't agree to get a set of things around." In the United States, pension insurance is the only federal level of overall management. The free and full flow of elements can promote economic and social development. Different rules are man-made bottlenecks. Docking problem in fact not onlyOnly discrimination against migrant workers. The flow of urban workers is also a constraint.　　"Benansen said. "As a result, we cannot take the things of migrant workers as a stopgap measure, and we cannot set up temporary systems at random everywhere." To make a mandatory, unified, than the existing urban level of the basic endowment insurance system. The new system will be a standard for the future. "The question is, which direction is the unification?" Tang Jun pointed out that a reasonable pension system must be divided into the basis and supplement two parts. The basic part can be responsible for the government, the funds from the hands of individuals or enterprises, to provide people with a small difference, low level of old-age security.　　On this basis, is to supplement the pension, and individual wages linked to the formation of differences, pull away. According to Benansen's study, the basic pension security standards, should be between the minimum living line and the minimum wage, to seek a balance point. "This is one of the most basic pension security, but also a mandatory security." In addition to compulsory protection, other insurance can be used as a supplement, such as trade union insurance, commercial insurance and so on. "The Social security system, or the endowment insurance reform, is a very wide range of things, it is impossible to do it overnight, there is a long way to go." "Tang Jun said.