"Technical Rain" under cloud computing

With the deepening of the Internet, cloud computing has a far-reaching impact on the existing IT technology, this paper focuses on the analysis of two changes.

A． The impact of cloud computing on the software industry

1. Revolutionary changes in software development patterns

1 development mode from stand-alone version to cloud computing. The resources used by stand-alone software are based on PC physical resources (such as PC memory and hard disk); In the era of cloud computing, this pattern of development is completely changed, the resources used are no longer limited by physical resources, and the use of memory can be based on the server base of the data center, Databases can be stored in remote data centers over the Internet.

2 Development tools changed. The past programmers are good at C/c++/java language, the single host (PC) application development, the focus of computing resources are physical CPU performance, memory size, hard disk storage capacity. In the era of cloud computing, the language of the Internet has become the mainstream development language tool in the cloud computing era. such as Python, Ruby on Rails, Java Script, QT, and so on, these languages provide a convenient way to interact with the Internet, and in the development of cloud computing applications, programmers are more focused on the distributed computing resources in the cloud computing architecture, For example, this application is in which computing cluster to complete, the application of internal communication between the network bandwidth, the storage of distributed resource location and so on.

3 The design structure and model of the software have changed. The convergence of network and storage makes the way of software acquiring resources tend to "cloud". Users need to be able to obtain such resources and services at any time, any location, through any device, any computing environment (operating system), such as insurance officers signing insurance contracts at the user's home, and the company's owner signing documents at the airport. So the software architecture of cloud computing must adapt to the cloud computing services and the application scenarios that cloud users use. Experienced in the past stand-alone version, C/S (client-server) architecture, b/S (browser-server) architecture, now evolved into location-awareness (position perception) and user creator context Awareness (user application perception).

4 The model of software design is also changing. Now the software is concurrent computing, multiple computing clusters can participate in the calculation at the same time, now the more popular software system is Hadoop, currently in the Internet Cluster Computing has been widely used. Hadoop is the software design pattern in the cloud computing architecture, that is, cluster parallel computing, this software design pattern requires the software to consider the distributed resource processing, to allocate computing resources, and to give full play to the coordination efficiency and performance of multiple computing nodes. Therefore, in the era of cloud computing, the data model considered is "big data", also called "Big Data" era.

2. The software profit pattern has changed

1 The basic business value of the entire software industry has revolutionized, and software is changing from license to service charging. The essential carrier of IT industry is the software, the hardware provides the platform for the software. Software development in cloud computing as a carrier of services, this is a very important change. But this change is huge for many software companies, such as Microsoft, Google and other companies that are rapidly coping with the challenges posed by the cloud computing era to their traditional technologies and products, and transforming the lifeline products. At the same time, software companies have seen the opportunities in the cloud computing era, from selling products license to selling services, selling ads, and products themselves as a service tool.

2 The development of the App Store has changed the profit model. Including Google, Apple and the domestic Qihoo 360 and other companies are developing the App Store, using a cloud computing platform, publishing their own development tools, and through the Internet and software developers to sell software, through the software to achieve services, in the service to obtain profits, and users through the Internet to buy software, access to relevant services.

3 The value of the software has changed. Previous software value lies in its technology itself, in the era of cloud computing, its value reflected in the quality of services. In a word, the code is worthless. Now the development of software is a lot of open source, users can open source code, develop their own needs of services. Software companies must provide better services based on open source. That's why we see that IBM has been pushing Linux forward. The use of open source, you can enable software companies to focus on the user's service needs, through the use of users, modify the existence of software bugs, reduce the cost of software development.

4 has an impact on the careers of software developers and programmers. In the era of cloud computing, software engineers need to pay close attention to the needs of the industry in the direction of technology development, the need for technology transformation, research on the Internet economy, the study of mobile Internet, research software services, research services, quality assurance, and so on, and constantly innovate.

Two． The impact of cloud computing on network technology

1 in the PC era, computing is concerned with the individual. When the internet appears and matures, computing is concerned with the computing of "big data" and "big groups" based on the internet, that is, cloud computing. Therefore, the network technology is the basis of cloud computing, cloud computing on the Internet and network technology also put forward new requirements. Cloud computing models change the Internet from a chain-like topology to a hierarchical tree structure, and the tree-like root node is the datacenter. Data center is a huge pool of computing resources, the network of data center needs to meet the demand of virtual resource pool scheduling operation. Based on the traditional Ethernet technology, a new data center network technology represented by the sophomore layer network technology is presented, which presents a series of challenges to the traditional two-layer network forwarding technology.

2 The emergence of STP free routing switch. The emergence of TRILL, L2MP, SPB and so on solves the problem of the past STP tree-like loop blocking, and replaces the optimization path to realize the parallel traffic sharing of multiple paths. These protocols fully utilize the link of data center, and load balance the network traffic generated by the large capacity computing cluster.

3 The advent of server virtualization technology, the traditional network and the server and its network card boundary break, a network cable is no longer a link, but more than a logical link; a network adapter is no longer a single operating system, but virtualized into multiple NICs, corresponding to multiple operating systems, which makes it necessary to adapt to this change. At the same time, the strategy of the network needs to be deep into the virtual machine, and the communication between the virtual machines is ensured, so some new network technologies are produced, such as virtual Switch and software mode switch.

4 at present, the network, storage, computing is pillars, fragmented, resulting in a server interface board many (network cards, FC cards, InfiniBand cards, etc.), many types of cable (cable, fiber, parallel bus, etc.), many management interfaces (network administrator, storage Administrator, application Administrator, Fee managers, etc., the development of applications need to consider a large number of interfaces (network interface, storage interface, application interface, etc.). This makes the management cost of data center network very high, the stability of data center corresponds to the flexibility of business model is very poor, the development cycle is very long. Therefore, the data center network needs to realize the fusion computation in the cloud computing age.

FCoE technology, Infinibandoverethernet and so on in the data center network to carry the storage data, it is necessary to data in the network transmission process to achieve data loss, CEE (converged enhanced Ethernet) technology emerged. CEE Network is a new type of Ethernet transmission and forwarding technology that the IEEE organization is defining, which ensures that data is minimized in the forwarding of Ethernet to avoid data loss. The corresponding series of protocols are also proposed, such as Ieee802.1qau, Ieee802.1qaz, IEEE802.1QBB, etc., which ensure that FC networks can be implemented on Ethernet without dropping packets.

5 Data Center Network in the cloud Computing network is a sophomore network, is distributed, and therefore needs the corresponding technology to solve the problem of virtual machine across the Internet migration, and so on, such as H3cevi (Ethernet virtual interconnect), Cisco OTV technology. These technologies will enable the data center between the sophomore network can be across the internet, as well as data sharing without Borders. In this way, even in the private cloud of an enterprise, if an employee travels or goes to another branch office, it can ensure that its working environment can be carried out without interruption.

6 There are many multi-tenant networks in the public cloud. In the Multi-Tenant network, the data and application between tenants must be isolated and shared according to the service strategy, but coexist in the same data center network, so building the data center of the Multi-Tenant network is a problem that needs to be considered in the cloud computing network deployment, and is currently a hot topic.

7 Cloud Computing Data Center must be a strategic driving network, that is, with the dynamic scheduling of resources, network configuration and deployment of rapid response, forming a linkage to meet the cloud computing flexible resource deployment needs. The advent of virtualization network technology such as OpenFlow technology is a policy-driven network, it defines a flow based policy forwarding protocol and mechanism, the network forwarding plane and control plane completely separated, forwarding based on policy flow, rather than based on the two-tier forwarding and three-tier routing table, In this way, the network traffic scheduling is based on the strategy deployment of the control plane, and after the flow strategy is distributed to the forwarding plane, the network traffic is carried out according to the strategy in the virtual network link.

8 The data center network of cloud computing requires more stringent and meticulous service quality of the network. For example, the network bandwidth in virtual desktop applications is video streaming, audio streaming, storing data streams and various desktop applications. These data streams occupy a high bandwidth, and compression, while the requirements for time delay is very high, any network traffic fluctuations on the virtual desktop Network has a great impact, can be said to be the butterfly effect. Therefore, the forwarding quality of core switches and their data center switches must be rigorously tested and optimized to meet the requirements of cloud computing solutions.

9 The era of cloud computing has a new definition and interpretation of security. Data center is a flat network, network traffic is not only from the south to the north (that is, from the access layer to the convergence layer), more from east to west (that is, between the access layer), therefore, consider the risks faced by a variety of scenarios, such as public cloud and private cloud interaction security, hybrid Cloud link security, traffic monitoring in cloud computing, cloud user authentication , cloud session monitoring process security, as well as the various malicious traffic blocking and so on.

10 Cloud Computing Data Center Network configuration must be automated, with the data center computing resources throughout the life cycle, through a series of protocols to automatically configure the network deployment. For example, dynamic lifecycle management of virtual machines in data centers requires the ability to quickly deploy (including various strategies) to the network nodes of virtual machines. such as HP's IEEE802.1QBG, this protocol proposes the interface between virtual machines and virtual switches, the port profile of VSI, which can be issued immediately with the generation of VMS.

11 Data center resources are scalable, distributed, and corresponding to the formation of a network of virtual cluster network, that is, in the data center, the access layer and the convergence layer switch together to form a network cluster, so that the convergence layer and access layer of traffic into the internal coordination, Reduce the cost of STP protocol and other protocols, any device down, network link will quickly adjust, enhance the robustness and reliability of the network. Network access layer device or convergence layer device can dynamically apply for adding or leaving as network nodes, which is of great significance for the data center to save power and improve the expansibility of the network. H3C provides a solution to this network matrix, the longitudinal IRF technology, which forms an extensible, virtualized network resource pool that adapts well to the deployment of cloud computing networks.

Concluding：

From the impact of cloud computing, cloud computing brings new requirements and new technical challenges to network and network solutions. In the era of cloud computing, the network is not only seeking interconnection, but through innovation, dedicated to cloud computing is the new network services (NaaS), improve the cloud computing pipeline intelligence, security and robustness.