The Battle of the spectrum: the Digital Life crisis

Reporter Wu Weiqing why the United States's largest telecom operator At&t to launch a takeover of T? Why will the 1900-1920mhz band used by PHS be off the net by the end of 2011? Why did the FCC intend to recycle the lower-utilization spectrum from radio and television, and then auction the spectrum back to be fiercely dissatisfied? Behind these phenomena, a professional noun called "spectrum" is surfacing.　　Popular point, if all kinds of information communication terminals as vehicles, "Spectrum" is the road of vehicles.　　This May, France will auction 4G spectrum.　　At the end of June this year or early July, Spain will auction 4G spectrum.　　In the next 11 months, India will auction off the spectrum of state-owned enterprises.　　In the first quarter of next year, the UK will auction the 800MHz and 2.6GHz Spectrum and plan to release the 500MHz spectrum occupied by the public sector over the next 10 years ...　　In recent times, many countries have announced their new spectrum release plan, why?　　The rapid growth of smartphones and mobile internet, which is hard to withstand, has led to a surge in data traffic, which makes the wireless spectrum increasingly congested. A year ago, the FCC predicted that mobile data traffic would grow 35 times times over the next 5 years, but that expectation soon became unreliable as the ipad emerged.　　In At&t, for example, the company's mobile data traffic surged 80 times times over the past 4 years, leading to multiple congestion or partial paralysis of the AT&T network. At&t is not the only one who has experienced a surge in data traffic. After a 18 times-fold surge in data traffic in 2009, Telefónica's "O2" also said publicly that the data traffic generated by smartphone users such as the iphone has put pressure on its London communications network, causing some users to periodically fail to dial, answer calls or transmit data. In India, the lack of spectrum has led to a high level of telephone-line-drop rates in India.　　According to the parameters set by India, more than 3% of the calls could not be completed and the network was considered to be severely affected. Global mobile data flows increased by 159% in 2010 from 2009 to 26 times times more globally than in 2010, the study reported. China Mobile data Service development also reflects the same trend, China Mobile 2009 data flow growth of 211%, many of the provincial companies in the first half of 2010 data traffic growth of 300%, 400%, the highest provinces grew 600%. Recently, the 2011 China Mobile Internet Industry Summit published the first white Paper on the development of the Internet industry, said that this year, China's 3G users will be more than 120 million, to achieve 3G high-speed growth "critical point", 3G applications, video, online games, micro-blog ...　　None is a large number of mobile data traffic. The direct consequence of the rapid growth of mobile data traffic is that the occupancy of the spectrum resources willachieve or exceed the capacity of the mobile network to carry. Taking China Mobile's 2010 monthly data statistics as an example, the total network wireless comprehensive utilization rate was 73.1%, of which the data business accounted for 28.9%.　　If the data flow at an average annual rate of more than 100%, then within two years, China Mobile's existing wireless channel resources, even if all used to support the data flow is still insufficient, at the user level, will appear the rate of mobile phone access and data transmission is not smooth. Happy enclosure of the beginning of the 2011, the three major operators "happy enclosure" intensified. At the recent closure of the World Mobile Communications Conference in Barcelona, China Mobile announced its goal of building millions of WiFi hotspots in the next 3 years, with a total of 8 times times the current number.　　But Wireless LAN WLAN also faces the challenge of spectrum resource shortage. Technically, the carrier's high hopes of WLAN technology can be smoothly to achieve hundreds of megabytes to the desktop, but the WLAN needs at least 3 40MHz of uninterrupted channel to form a cellular network, Our country either in the 2.4G band, or in the 5.8G band can not allocate 3 independent 40MHz channel.　　As we all know, these frequencies also for other radio services, such as the aviation radio navigation services, weather radar, water navigation radar, such as the planning of the "driveway", so, the spectrum of resources has become the most restrictive operators to deploy WLAN network bottlenecks. The driving force behind the surge of WLAN is the expectation that the whole society will use the future of Internet of things. The Internet of Things is an important part of "smart city", and it is predicted that by 2020, the interconnection of objects and people will reach 30:1, and its scale is much larger than that of human communication. It is noteworthy that the demand for the spectrum of the Internet has its own specificity, although some businesses each transmission of data is not necessarily very large, or even only dozens of bytes, but must be a successful transmission. such as remote expert diagnosis, telemedicine training, such as intelligent medical applications, or in the smart grid, transmission line remote video surveillance system, power network repair video acquisition and dispatch command, and other applications, it is difficult to imagine the transmission process in the event of "drop" will lead to what consequences. It is predicted that mobile video traffic is expected to account for 66% of the total mobile data flow in 2015, up 35 times times from 2010.　　It can be said that if there is not enough spectrum resources, "smart city", "Wireless City" will become roots, source. The release of the "digital dividend" to address the spectrum shortage problem, the major operators are exploring the intensive use of spectrum resources. At&t, the first to suffer network congestion, has set off a wave of mobile Internet unlimited packages in the industry, but switching to limited-data packages is not an immediate effect of easing network pressure, but only partially. To this end, At&t also hope that through acquisition of Spectrum Resources, the way to fundamentally alleviate the pressure of network bandwidth. To this end, the company not only spent 1.93 billion dollars at the end of 2009 from Qualcommhas acquired a spectrum of 300 million people and has launched a takeover of tmobile US companies in March this year, with the main purpose of acquiring valuable spectrum resources. China Mobile also put forward "four network Synergy", intensive building "intelligent City" "Twelve-Five" development plan--in vigorously developing 3G, 4G, WLAN and other network "high-speed rail", put a lot of financial resources dedicated to the traditional 2G network of fine. Because the traditional 2G network is also fully able to meet the requirements of the data business rate is not too high, using mobile phones is no more than a call to send text messages to the needs of the mass users. This "four-net Synergy" approach has enabled the world's largest number of mobile users to do what they want. "If we all train, we will not only spend more, but also be crowded with high-speed rail."　　China Mobile's Shanghai company said. The operator's approach is "throttling", the regulator of public resources such as the spectrum, where telecoms regulators are releasing more spectrum resources through "open source". "Open source" resources include the "digital dividend" released from analogue television to digital television, or some scattered spectrum of public sector retreat. In the most competitive 700MHz band, for example, after the digital television, the frequency of the release of the 700MHz band can achieve better coverage and the penetration of the building, but also to meet the operator for the vast number of rural areas to provide coverage, so internationally known as the "digital dividend."　　The 800MHZ spectrum auction planned for the UK next year is the "digital dividend" released from analogue television to digital television. The FCC is taking a more radical approach. The FCC's solution is to recycle the lower-utilization spectrum from broadcasters, to auction up the spectrum, to share the proceeds with all the broadcasters that voluntarily turn in the spectrum, and the FCC plans to charge a spectrum-use fee to broadcasters. The FCC's plan was publicly resented by the radio and television industry, and CBS CEO Leslie Menvis said: "We will not voluntarily surrender the spectrum, which is our lifeblood." "In China, Guang door has 470-806mhz radio and television frequency planning rights, distribution rights and use rights, the broadcasting Department has stated that the plan in 2015 to complete the TV analog-to-digital conversion, will be part of the 700MHz band to wireless broadband use."　　But the radio and television departments also made it clear that the future of television channels to further subdivide, the increase in the number of channels will be a new demand for frequency resources, and mobile multimedia broadcasting, high-definition television, car mobile TV and other new services to the radio frequency also has a new demand. It can be foreseen that the process of solving the problem of spectrum resource shortage will be the accelerator to promote the integration of triple network, fixed and mobile fusion process.