The concept application of ECG remote monitoring and cloud computing

Cloud computing is the translation of English cloudcomputing, which only appeared in the early 2008. The first cloudcomputing from the enterprise level is Dell, but the cloud computing concept has a deeper impact on the Ibm-google Parallel Computing project and Amazon EC2 products, then more and more media, companies, technicians start chasing cloud computing, Even putting many it innovations into the cloud computing concept has enabled cloud computing concepts and industries to be driven and developed to form a complete industry chain that now includes Iaas,paas,xaas, as well as many hardware manufacturers, infrastructure operators, and so on.

The concept, characteristics and application of cloud computing

What is cloud computing

At present, the concept of cloud computing, there is no unified definition of the international, but in general we can be divided into two broad categories of concepts: one is narrow;

(1) The narrow sense of cloud computing

A network that provides resources is called a "cloud." The resources in the cloud can be extended indefinitely by the user, and can be obtained at any time, on demand, at any time, and paid for by use. This feature is often called the use of IT infrastructure like hydroelectric power.

(2) broad-sense cloud computing

This resource pool is called the cloud. The cloud is a virtual computing resource that can be maintained and managed, typically for some large server clusters, including compute servers, storage servers, broadband resources, and so on. Cloud computing centralizes all computing resources and is automatically managed by software without human involvement. This allows application providers to be more focused on their business, in favor of innovation and lower costs, without having to worry about tedious details. For example, this is like switching from an old single generator to a centralized power supply model. It means that computing power can also be used as a commodity circulation, like gas, water and electricity, easy to use, low-cost. The biggest difference is that it is transmitted over the Internet.

In general, cloud computing is the development of parallel computing, distributed computing and Grid computing, or the business implementation of these computer science concepts. It is the result of the hybrid evolution of virtualization, utility computing, infrastructure, services, platform-services, software, services, and so on.

The fundamentals of Cloud computing

Cloud computing is the development of distributed processing (distributedcomputing), parallel processing (parallelcomputing) and Grid computing (gridcomputing), Through the use of non-local or remote server (cluster) of distributed computers for Internet users to provide services (computing, storage, hardware and software services), so as to effectively improve the use of software and hardware resources efficiency, so that users through the cloud to enjoy high-performance parallel computing convenience.

The main features of cloud computing

The National Institute of Standards and Technology has summed up five basic features of cloud computing: one is on-demand self-service. Consumers can deploy unilateral deployments of computing resources, such as server time and networked storage, to automate the requirements, without the need for a service provider's manual collaboration. The second is the ubiquitous network connection. Cloud computing resources can be accessed through the web and through standard mechanisms that enable users to use cloud computing through heterogeneous thin (thin) client platforms or fat (thick) client platforms (mobile phones, laptops, PDAs, etc.). The third is the resource pool unrelated to geographical location: cloud computing Service providers adopt multi-user mode and dynamically allocate and redistribute physical resources and virtual resources according to users ' needs. Users often do not have to know where these resources are located, including storage, processors, memory, networks, virtual machines, and so on. Four is the rapid and flexible deployment of resources: cloud computing providers can quickly and flexibly deploy cloud computing resources, quickly zoom in and out, for users, cloud computing resources are often unlimited, and can buy any amount of resources at any time. Five is the service billing: through the different types of service billing, cloud computing system can automatically control and optimize the use of resources. can monitor and control resource utilization and form reports to provide transparency for cloud computing providers and users on the services they use.

Combining the implications of cloud computing above, we can get some features of cloud computing.

(1) Large scale. The scale of cloud computing is huge, and Google's cloud computing already has more than 1 million servers, and it makes Google's search engine the world's first place.

(2) Virtualization. Through cloud computing, users can use a laptop or a mobile phone to get application services in any location without having to worry about where the application is running.

(3) High reliability. Cloud computing provides a strict rights management strategy, reducing the traditional way of data loss, virus intrusion and other problems, high data storage reliability.

(4) Scalability is strong. In order to meet the needs of application and user scale growth, the scale of "cloud" can be expanded dynamically.

Cloud computing Applications

For the average user, the most commonly used areas of cloud computing are email, web search (Google or Baidu), photo sharing (Flickr), video sharing (Youtube, potatoes), and internet maps (Google). As long as a computer or mobile phone and other Internet tools have a browser, you can in a few seconds, quickly access to remote computer information, so that information can be readily available, such as electricity and water in general.

In addition, cloud computing provides powerful computing power for software designers and scientists to simulate experiments such as bomb explosions and DNA structures. How big an opportunity is cloud computing? The average annual growth rate of cloud services in the next five years is expected to reach 26% per cent, according to the International Data Center (IDC), which predicts that the global cloud computing market will reach $95 billion trillion by 2013, and that market research agencies list cloud computing as the top of the decade for the IT industry, and reports that By 2012, there will be 400 Fortune 500 companies using a variety of cloud computing services.

The development of cloud computing

Because cloud computing is the result of the mixed evolution of many technologies, its maturity is high, and the big company pushes, it develops extremely quickly. Big companies such as Amazon, Google, IBM, Microsoft and Yahoo are the pioneers of cloud computing. Many successful companies in cloud computing include Salesforce, Facebook, Youtube and MySpace.

In China, the development of cloud computing is also very rapid. May 10, 2008, IBM in China Wuxi Taihu New Town Science and Education Industrial Park established China's first cloud computing center into operation. June 24, 2008, IBM in Beijing IBM China Innovation Center set up a second China's cloud computing center IBM Greater China Cloud Computing Center; century Interconnection launched the Cloudex product line, including complete Internet hosting services, based on online storage virtualization services, For individuals and businesses to carry out the Internet cloud Backup data security services, such as the series of Internet cloud computing services; The China Mobile Research Institute for Cloud Computing started early, has completed the Cloud Computing Center experiment.

The future of cloud computing has two main directions: one is to build a massive infrastructure that is tightly integrated with applications, allowing applications to scale to a large extent, and another by building new cloud computing applications. Provide a richer user experience on the Web the first development trend can be reflected in the current cloud computing research, and in the construction of cloud computing applications, many new social service networks, such as Facebook, have shown this trend, In the study, we began to focus on how to integrate multiple services through the cloud computing infrastructure.

Problems with cloud computing

From the current application situation, cloud computing technology has the following shortcomings: ⑴ is the use of the best virtualization technology, users can not migrate the application to the "cloud", ⑵ enterprise tasks to migrate to the cloud environment, the need for a huge amount of effort, ⑶ only users agree to achieve all the IT assets virtualization, the formation of "external cloud" Seamless collaborative operation of the "internal cloud"; ⑷ does not really provide cloud computing services based on actual requirements and can pay for actual use of resources; ⑸ the management application software provided by the data center is not integrated with the enterprise's existing management application software; ⑹ cloud computing does not have a unified standard to standardize, it is difficult to use large-scale enterprises.

In addition, experts at the August 2009 Black Hat security Conference presented 5 security flaws in the cloud computing security issue: ⑴ Cloud computing does not provide adequate legal protection; ⑵ Cloud Computing has no ownership of hardware; ⑶ cloud computing requires strong protocols and user-training guarantees; ⑷ don't trust virtual machine instances created by Third-party developers ⑸ in any case, enterprise information technology managers need to reconsider the configuration on the cloud.

Tele-monitoring and development of ECG

Development and present situation of ECG tele-monitoring

In modern society, cardiovascular disease is a serious threat to human health and life, is the main cause of death in China, the prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease is of great significance to the whole society. Because of the contingency and suddenness of cardiovascular disease, it is very important to carry out ECG monitoring in daily life.

ECG remote Monitoring system originated from Holter system. The early family ECG monitoring system used electronic instruments to record and store the patient's daily ECG and other important physiological parameters for some patients who underwent cardiac surgery, and periodically sent the data to the clinic for diagnosis, and the patient was able to stay away from the hospital. Early family ECG monitoring after the end of the monitoring of ECG data analysis, does not have real-time, the patient's onset can not get the doctor timely diagnosis and treatment. And because its storage is too small, can only store very small amount of ECG data, can not guarantee the integrity of the data, some valuable ECG data or inevitably be lost, which greatly reduces the accuracy of the diagnosis.

With the rapid development of modern communication technology and its application in medical field, in recent years, ECG remote Monitoring system has undergone revolutionary changes, Holter gradually become the front-end device of ECG remote Monitoring system, and the trend of combining traditional Holter with computer network and mobile communication technology is becoming more and more obvious. With the popularization and development of the macroscopic infrastructure such as internet and mobile communication network, ECG monitoring is developing rapidly in two directions along Internet and wireless mobile monitoring.

The remote ECG monitoring system based on Internet is to collect ECG signals from patients by ECG monitoring client, then transmit ECG signal to the server of the Monitoring center through the internet, wait for the medical staff to handle the patient's electrocardiogram and diagnose it accordingly. The system generally consists of three parts: client terminals, Internet and management center workstations. The client terminal is composed of a ECG collector and a workstation connected to the Internet, which can complete functions such as collecting ECG signals from patients, making simple data processing and uploading data to the Internet. According to the way of access to the Internet, the system has different design schemes, mainly PSTN (publishedswitchedtelephonenetwork, public Telephone exchange network), ISDN, Ethernet and so on. The Remote ECG Monitoring Management Center workstation is generally equipped with High-performance server, can achieve real-time receiver ECG data, storage and analysis of data processing, management of patient basic information and ECG data, network security management.

The ECG wireless monitoring system based on mobile communication network is a portable ECG monitor, which uses wireless communication technology to carry out data communication with the Monitoring center. Wireless transmission without cable media, users can be free from time and place restrictions, anytime and anywhere to be monitored by the guardianship center. With the improvement of communication technology and computer network technology, the research hotspot of tele-monitoring of ECG in recent years is to combine wireless communication technology and Internet technology closely. Combining the two technologies together, it makes up for the lack of limiting the subject to the fixed environment while relying solely on the Internet, and it also makes up for the fact that only the data of the subject can be transferred between the mobile monitoring terminals when relying solely on wireless technology.

ECG monitoring system of wireless, networking, human nature is the trend of development, portable, modular, easy to operate, Low-cost ECG monitoring products will become the mainstream of the future market. The third generation mobile communication 3G technology, which is gradually developing, can greatly increase system capacity, improve communication quality and data transmission rate, and use seamless roaming technology between different networks to better connect wireless communication system and Internet, so as to provide more stable and Stronger technology base. ECG remote Monitoring System integrates the development results of biomedical engineering, information technology and communication technology, and can make full use of the resource advantage of mobile communication network and Internet, which will play an increasingly important role in the prevention and treatment of heart disease in the near future.

Third, the application of cloud computing in medical information and ECG remote monitoring

The cloud computing in the last two years is to centralize all the computing resources and automate the software management without human involvement. It means that computing power can also be used as a commodity to circulate, like gas and water and electricity as easy to access, Low-cost. Therefore, the medical and health enterprises can through the purchase of computing capacity without the need to build the relevant facilities can carry out information construction, which makes the enterprise need not to worry about cumbersome details, can be more focused on their own business. The advent of cloud computing technology will bring a new understanding to the construction of medical information. Through the cloud computing platform, hospitals can "outsource" web sites, e-mail systems, information management systems, remote monitoring systems, and data centers and security systems to providers of cloud computing services, no longer worrying about how to build and maintain server environments, how to purchase and upgrade system software, applications, and antivirus software, How to prevent hacker intrusion. Whether it is a data service or an application calculation, everything is obtained directly from the network. This is like the use of water and electricity, end users only need to open a switch or tap, you can access and enjoy the service, while the large resources of power plants and waterworks are responsible for the "cloud" at the other end of the most professional production and maintenance. Figure 1 is a cloud storage service model in medical informatization.

Based on the idea of using "cloud computing" to realize remote monitoring of physiological parameters, we designed a multi parameter remote monitoring system based on B/s architecture, which is shown in Figure 2. The whole system is composed of the central Monitoring Server Software (cloud), the client browser and the multi parameter Collector of the monitoring center. The server-side software (cloud) can accept data transfer requests from two clients, and realize remote real-time monitoring of multiple patient physiological parameters based on Internet. Client using B/s architecture, no need to install any client programs, as long as open the browser can be real-time viewing and sending physiological parameters and waveforms (see Figure 3). The Remote central monitoring system based on B/s architecture facilitates the deployment and maintenance of client software, extends the central monitoring system from hospital wards to the community or family, and provides a new solution for the popularization and networking of medical devices.

In the new wave of health reform, medical service informatization will be the inevitable trend, through information means, the establishment of medical and health institutions to share resources, can achieve the optimal integration of medical service resources and the largest synergy, the future medical hardware and software demand will be very substantial. The concept and technology of cloud computing, as the service of computing resources, will change the development idea and construction mode of traditional medical information, and play a vital role in promoting the construction of medical informatization.