The five-year-old US cloud computing industry is the "first driver"

, the first companies to implement cloud computing practices within the enterprise, such as Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and the largest investment in cloud computing, such as HP, IBM, are multinational companies headquartered in the United States, while Around these giants also appeared a lot of small and medium-sized enterprises to provide cloud computing industry in the downstream part of the product services, there are many viable cloud computing business model. Looking back on the development of cloud computing in the United States in the past 5 years, the observation and analysis of the participating parties--enterprises, government, institutions of the performance measures, the development of China's cloud computing industry will have a very positive reference significance.


　　


Internet giants have developed cloud computing services for their own needs


　　


before the concept of cloud computing, some of the internet giants have essentially deployed cloud computing systems inside the company. As Google pioneered the "cloud computing" terminology can be compared to the image of the system to generalize the characteristics of the external services, so it was widely recognized by the respective reference to packaging their own product services. It can be said that "cloud" is the first in fact, after its name, which also makes the cloud concept at the beginning of the time, there is a solid foundation of practice. Amazon, Google's cloud computing services development process fully illustrates this point.


　　


Amazon's main business is consumer E-commerce, user traffic is not evenly distributed around the world, in certain time periods (such as Christmas), traffic will rise sharply, so Amazon in its investment in IT resources will face an embarrassing situation-to pay a large price of the server, storage, Bandwidth is only to cope with sudden peak traffic, and for most of the rest of the time, these resources are less likely to be utilized in half.


　　


in this case, Amazon designed the cloud services AWS (Amazon WebService), the service is mainly to use unused IT resources, there is a point of "treasure" meaning. In the ensuing time, Amazon has introduced including EC2 (elastic Compute Cloud, Elastic Computing cloud, after the industry to talk about Amazon cloud services, mostly specifically EC2), simple DB and other nearly 20 kinds of cloud services, gradually improve the service category AWS.


　　


This shows that AWS is not a brand new system for Amazon, but based on the original IT system to transform the packaging to adapt to the public to open up the service of the upgraded version. At the start of AWS, Amazon has accumulated a lot of operational experience to ensure the quality of cloud services. In fact, the biggest user of AWS is Amazon itself.


　　


to see Google again. In the start-up phase of the enterprise, Google has limited investment, only to save their own machine, but the poor machine can not meet the high performance and stability requirements of the server, so only on the basis of improved reliability, using a lot of "junk" machine to achieve higher performance. This has the embryonic form of cloud computing. It can be said that the construction of cloud computing technology framework upgrade and improve throughout the Google company's entire development process.


　　


before 2006, Google has a mature and complete cloud computing technology architecture, not only in the hardware network application of its own design of the rack architecture, server blades, data center, global network connectivity, but also in the software system developed to improve the operating system, file system GFS, Parallel Computing Architecture MapReduce, parallel Computing database bigtable and development tools such as cloud computing system key components. The proposed "cloud computing" is a natural process. Rather than "cloud computing" is Google's packaging to guide the development trend of industrial technology, rather than Google's own development experience and technical accumulation of the systematic summary.


　　


Industry Division of Labor Fine, small and medium-sized enterprises also have many opportunities


　　


cloud computing is suitable for the internet giants, but today the U.S. cloud computing market is not only the stage of the Giants, many small and medium-sized enterprises are also active, and show a strong potential for development.


　　


Joyent Company


　　


The main business is similar to the Amazon EC2, providing IaaS, according to media reports, in 2009 Joyent has provided platform support for about 25% of Facebook apps, and one of its clients, LinkedIn, has already topped 1 billion per month of traffic, Another popular microblogging service provider like Twitter, identi.ca, also chose Joyent, while Joyent had a total of 22 employees, including management and sales staff. Another interesting thing is that, in 2008, Joyent persuaded Twitter to leave Joyent because it was frustrated with the instability of the Twitter architecture and refused to accept Joyent's optimization proposals.


　　


Okta Company


　　


Okta focuses on identity management in the cloud, combining different services with enterprise software as a service (SaaS) to provide users with a single sign-on portal that uses different kinds of SaaS applications. Okta's cloud LAN network is thought to be the development of LAN, combining and managing and protecting users ' cloud applications. In SaaS applications, fewer security threats are most beneficial to vendors than full cloud services. Okta founder Tom McKinnon has been involved in Salesforce.com's engineering development, so he has enough skills to deal with the management and recognition of cloud computing.


　　


Skytap Company


　　


Skytap provides the user with a cloud-based Virtual Lab run sample and development environment. Its users are also developing its new uses, including the establishment of virtual training classrooms. Users have already established their deployment applications through SKYTAP. Skytap also allows users to build virtual private clouds in their own data centers. This service makes SKYTAP a significant representative of the private cloud market. Skytap has more than 100 clients. It also said its income had increased by one-fold compared with last year, but it did not disclose the exact number. As early as 2008, Skytap from Madrona Venture Group, Ignition, Bezos expeditions and Washington Capital gained 13 million of dollars in risky ventures.

(Responsible editor: The good of the Legacy)