The industry is waiting for the new 36 supporting rules private enterprises hope keeled

-The Evening news reporter Lau Jiadi the "some opinions on encouraging and guiding the healthy development of nongovernmental investment" (hereinafter "new 36") was born last week, but the same is the energy sector of private enterprises, "to produce" the mood is different: electric companies are itching to, oil enterprises collective silence.　　According to the industry's interpretation, despite the seemingly "keeled", "new 36" in the private capital to participate in power construction and oil and gas construction described the details of the wording is indeed different. By contrast, the "rules of the game" for people to enter the oil and gas sector appear more cautious and "marginal".　　However, compared with the "old 36" of the vague, the new rules at least the private oil enterprises to enter the upstream industry made a clear statement, but also for the next step of the local and relevant departments to introduce specific supporting rules to add a dash of market expectations. The new energy industry may become the opportunity for the development of the private capital in the future, compared with the traditional energy is difficult to intervene by many state-owned enterprises.　　Although it is the private enterprises involved in more areas, policy has been encouraging private capital to participate in the construction of new energy industry, "new 36" still reiterated "to encourage private capital to participate in wind, solar, geothermal energy, biomass and other new power industry construction", such statements are interpreted by the market as possible in the follow-up supporting policy support to be refined. "In particular, solar photovoltaic and thermal equipment manufacturing sector, the top more than 10 manufacturers are private capital." Dinghuan, chairman of China Renewable Energy Society, now has more than 10 private new power companies listed overseas, financing scale of tens of billions of yuan.　　It is reported that China's traditional power supply structure and layout of the performance of hydropower, the utilization of wind energy resources is low, the proportion of hydropower and wind power is lower, and the proportion of small fossil-fired power units is large, so the new energy field is not the traditional advantage field of state-owned monopoly generation Enterprises, and the policy threshold, capital threshold and technical threshold of green energy development are greatly reduced. Last year, a piece of data could reflect the popularity of private capital in the new energy industry. By the end of May 2009, Zhejiang Electric Power Company received 28 PV power projects in Zhejiang Province, a total of 38,000 kilowatts of grid-connected power applications.　　At present, Zhejiang Province has a total of more than 60 large-scale solar energy companies, 100 photovoltaic enterprises and related equipment enterprises. In contrast, according to China-Commercial Union Petroleum Commission before the statistics, our country's private oil wholesale enterprises have 663, total reserves of about 230 million tons, the total investment of 770 billion yuan.　　However, according to the association's initial investigation, the national oil private wholesale enterprises have closed, closed down 2/3, more and more people are withdrawing from the oil industry. And the new energy industry, such a monopoly is indeed a lot of weak. As early as 2002, as China's first batch of concession demonstration projects, the construction of Asia's largest wind farm project settled in Rudong, Jiangsu province.　　Project since April 2003 to the international tender, in the competition of the 9 major power giants, the successful bidder is Huarui investment group-China's first private power group. In fact, 10 years ago, the private enterprises in Zhejiang openedSolar power is the main position in the new energy field. In the absence of any national preferential policies, private enterprises to China's photovoltaic industry to the scale of today.　　2008, China's PV cell production reached 1.78GW, accounting for 26% of the global total, to the end of 2009, the national PV power generation over 200,000-kilowatt. The embarrassment of "being in a situation" however, despite the high hopes for a breakthrough in the energy sector, private enterprises involved in the new energy industry is not as smooth as it seems. One of the biggest challenges is the influx of "national teams". Recently, in Shenzhen, CNOOC Group and Putian Group jointly established Putian CNOOC New Energy Power Co., Ltd., with the local grid monopoly of the Southern power grid competition to build electric vehicle charging station. The New Year's working conference of the State Grid company proposed that 75 electric vehicle charging stations should be built in 27 cities during the year. One months later, Sinopec and Beijing first Branch announced the establishment of a joint venture, ready to Sinopec's existing refueling, gas stations, converted into refueling charging integrated service station, and extended to Hebei, Tianjin and other regions.　　PetroChina is also negotiating with the Jiangsu Development and Reform Commission to establish a station. In this wave of new energy investment in state-owned enterprises on the eve of the attack, 2007 "Renewable Energy Long-term planning" has also set off investment in state-owned enterprises wind waves. China Wind Energy Association statistics, the current wind turbine manufacturing enterprises have more than 70, only Goldwind, Sinovel, Dec and SAIC capacity reached 12 million-kilowatt hours, and this year, the new wind power installed capacity of about 8 million to 9 million-kilowatt hours, embarrassing overcapacity worries also began to interfere with the expectations of private enterprises.　　Reporter learned that more than 50,000-kilowatt of the project must be organized by the National Development and Reform Commission bidding, private enterprises in price disadvantage, can only get small orders. Data show that from 2003 onwards, the state has organized 5 rounds of wind power concession bidding, with the lowest price to determine the winning enterprise, and "afford" of private enterprises forced to withdraw. On the other hand, according to the plan, China's PV demand in 2020 years only 1800 MW, and as early as 2006 has reached 1600 MW, at that time the capacity of nearly the next more than 10 years after the planning goals.　　Data show that between 2004 and 2005, the wind power sector has a large number of private enterprise performance, but by 2008, the Central enterprise camp accounted for nearly 90% of the wind power generation, other capital accounted for only 10%. According to the reporter understand that the high cost of power generation has been the biggest obstacle to the promotion of photovoltaic power generation, the current PV power generation per degree of about 2 yuan, and the average price of coal fired more than a few times. Earlier, the national ministries announced the implementation of the "Solar roof Plan", "Golden Sun" project, decided to take a comprehensive financial assistance.　　Wang Zhixuan, secretary general of China Electric Power Federation, suggested that the preferential measures should be speeded up, and other renewable energy sources such as geothermal and biomass energy would also need corresponding subsidy policies to perfect the profit mechanism and model of renewable energy generation. Oil and gas field upstream release additional conditionsPeople note that in the participation of private capital in the main body of the oil industry chain, "new 36" policy liberalization of the largest scale is to explicitly encourage the "private capital into the field of oil and gas exploration and development, and in the" Glass door "in the" old 36 ", the oil and gas field of openness is only expressed as" further introduction of market competition mechanism "　　Empty reference. "The upstream production of China's oil and gas industry is highly concentrated and monopolized by three major oil companies, which is not an economic monopoly formed by full competition, but a long-term administrative monopoly based on legal provisions." Chen Shouhai, professor of business Administration at China Petroleum University, told reporters that according to the relevant provisions of the "management measures for the registration of mineral resources exploration blocks", only enterprises with qualified oil and gas exploration in the country can obtain exploration approval, "so only PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC can provide the necessary approval documents and legal person certification for the application. "It is noteworthy that the new article 36 does not break the legal privileges of the oil majors." According to the State Council document, the private capital requirements for entering the field of oil and gas exploration and development are "carried out in cooperation with state-owned oil enterprises". Reporters from the relevant people understand that, due to the lack of legal access to the past, local and private capital into the field of oil and gas production there are chaos. "Some miners do not have any level of government permission to engage in illegal poaching activities, which leads to waste of resources and causes casualties and environmental pollution." "Even if it is through the formal approach of the large state-owned oil and gas enterprises, private capital may be only a small ore, tailings, lean and other marginal project contracting operation."　　Chichangpo, deputy director of the Strategic Research Center for Oil and Gas resources at the Ministry of Land and Resources, told reporters that continental oil and gas exploration has formed the two major groups of PetroChina and Sinopec duopoly monopoly competition situation; The sea area oil and gas exploration has long been engaged in exploration and development by CNOOC, a state-owned company. Reporter from the Ministry of Land and Resources of the above-mentioned research center obtained a study also saw that China's oil and gas mining rights licensing system, as at the end of 2007, the three major state-owned oil companies prospecting rights, mining rights of the number of projects accounted for 92.6% of the country, mining rights accounted for 99.2% of the country.　　It is also observed that the upstream industry as an oil and gas to the opening of the people-funded pioneer, is because the domestic giants and foreign capital cooperation experience has been more adequate, but for the market's bitter oil, the import of refined oil products and the government to participate in strategic oil reserves such detailed policies, "new 36" is not a word involved. The "Golden Apple" is not easy to pick, if there is no more equipped with the details of the introduction, will be like ' old 36 ' to become visible, touch the ' glass door ', really difficult to say. A number of people in the industry have expressed their worries to reporters. An industry personage who does not want to be named admits: "What power does big three have to join hands with private enterprise?" If the policy is only so far, they may be more willing to opt for international cooperation. "According to the vehicle long wave Introduction, Upstream market access is blank, the proposed bidding block and the transfer of mining rights." LandData from the Ministry of Resources show that by the end of 2007, the National Land and sea total sedimentary basins area of about 550~600 million square kilometers, the three major state-owned oil companies and extended Petroleum has registered 4.5 million square kilometers. Because the pressure of the oil and gas field is falling, the output of single well in oil and gas field decreases year by year. "China Petroleum Exploration and Production Branch engaged in energy management work of senior engineer Ma Jianguo to reporters, that is, the existing block, the current 70% of China's crude oil production is also from the development of more than 10 years old oil fields, with high water content, high production level as the main feature, generally entered the late development, the remaining reserves highly decentralized Complicate。　　In other words, even if the giant companies are willing to cooperate, the unexpected production risk is also a problem that private capital must bear. However, despite the long way to explore the brigade, the late supporting policies can bring more market excitement, many people in the industry still have expectations. Reporter noted that for private capital and state-owned oil enterprises to enter into the field of oil and gas exploration and development requirements, "new 36" did not expand too much detail. Wu Zhongji, director of the Energy Economics and Development Strategy Research center of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that private enterprises could be allowed to invest and participate in state-owned enterprises engaged in exploration and development.　　Han Xiaoping, chief information officer at China's Energy network, said that if the state could reclaim the resources that the oil giants had failed to complete their exploration and development tasks on schedule, private oil companies would have more access. "The development of small and medium-sized oil companies and allow private enterprises to enter into line with the law of market economy, the main advantage is that oil prices for the market price, bidding to select the task Force, there is no ' related ' burden, the human cost is relatively low. "Long Wave said the problem is that the legal status is not clearly exacerbated by the short-term behavior, the need to continuously improve reserves utilization and recovery," this is inseparable from effective regulation. Reporter learned that the United States and Canada based on their strong regulatory capacity, upstream oil industry to adopt a fully market-based approach.　　In the United States, there are more than 4,000 large and small oil companies, Canada also has hundreds of. Power industry to encourage the last name of power station "private" compared to the oil and gas field of private capital prudential open posture and a more general way of expression, "new 36" for the public-funded share of the construction of the power industry seems to be more tolerant. It is reported that the new rules explicitly written to allow private capital to participate in hydropower stations, fire power stations, nuclear power plant forms: hydropower stations, fire power station construction, the public capital can be wholly-owned, holding or equity participation in the form of participation;　　According to the reporter understand, this is not entirely "new 36" of the original, before various places have been private capital construction investment in small hydroelectric power station precedent, only this time in the "new 36" in the clear can be wholly-owned construction of hydropower stations, fire stations. "In the 2000 ~2004 years, the private funds that entered Yunnan to develop small hydropower were in the tens of billions of dollars, and the size of small hydropower stations in Yunnan is huge." "Zhejiang Small Hydropower Industry Association president Ye has said that Zhejiang businessmen in Yunnan investment in small hydropower station installed capacity of about 2 Million-kilowatt, if according to the average5000 yuan per kilowatt investment calculation, Zhejiang Private capital into Yunnan small hydropower construction funds close to 10 billion yuan. "In the past, projects such as hydroelectric power stations have been rigorously approved by the state, private investment is more difficult, but the state policy gradually relaxed, state-owned assets gradually withdrew, to some private entrepreneurs and individuals to play an incentive, in recent years, there are frequent small hydropower stations were auctioned, at that time the scale of assets more than 10 million yuan ~3000 million," There are people in the industry to reporters, "short management chain, risk predictability is the investors involved in some of the potential for a better small hydropower station is a big reason." However, the "private" power station also has many drawbacks. "The competition of power Enterprises is essentially the competition of generation cost, and the cost of electricity generation has a great relationship with environmental factors." For example, hydroelectric power cost is low, environmental protection has a great comprehensive effect, but the river canyon resources of hydroelectric power is limited, the development of a less one, the limitation and exclusivity of this resource makes the preemptive possessor have a great advantage. A researcher at the Guanghua School of Management at Peking University told reporters, "In addition, taking into account the current power project approval system, to seize the advantage of resources will also get a lot of rent and comparative competitive advantage." "Lost price coordinate system in addition to the inherent disadvantage determined by the industry attribute, the dilemma of the private power generation enterprise lies in the imperfect of the current electricity price reform. "Due to the government's monopoly and control, the market level of the power generation markets is very low, and the generation market has not established a fair market environment." "The company is located in Maoming, Guangdong, a private power generation Enterprise boss complained to reporters," in the power market, from the project investment approval to the sale of electricity pricing methods, and then to the sale of the quota system is not market-oriented, the process of determination of these actions by too many administrative and human factors influence, If private enterprises want to develop in such an environment, it is necessary to invest a lot of human and financial resources to maintain their own benefits, while the state-owned monopoly Enterprise Rent-seeking cost is much lower than private enterprises. "In the new 36", for further liberalization of the electricity market also has a more like description: "actively promote the electricity price reform, speed up the implementation of bidding, the implementation of project owners bidding, improve the power supervision system for private generation enterprises to participate in the competition to create a good environment for equal participation." "Among them, the price of bidding refers to the supply side management." "The real electric coal market reform, the focus is to promote the state-owned capital, private capital, foreign capital of the three parties into the electricity coal Market Competition qualified bureau." The government department cancels the temporary intervention to the price, does not mean no longer has the act, on the contrary, it is one kind of administrative change--to the market reform process system barrier and the admittance restriction to loosen again. On the other hand, the capital-intensive industrial characteristics improve the entry threshold of private enterprises, and the narrow financing channels for the public investment in the electricity industry has set a barrier. "The power industry is a capital-intensive industry, and even a single project has billions of dollars in investment." For private enterprises, its participation in the power generation industry in the firstThe first problem is how to raise huge sums of money.　　"The Beijing Guanghua Institute of Management analysts said that private enterprises to accumulate funds relative to state-owned enterprises are still less, financial strength is weak." "The power industry has the characteristics of large investment capital and long payback period, so the dependence on the capital market is very strong, and now the domestic capital market, private enterprises in the investment and financing obstacles, even can say that the current investment and financing system for private enterprises there is de facto discrimination." "The above people, because the current national capital markets mainly serve the restructuring and restructuring of state-owned enterprises, local and regional property rights trading market financing activities are limited to a large extent, it is difficult for private power generation enterprises to obtain development funds through direct financing,　　The Government's policy loans are mainly targeted at state-owned enterprises rather than private enterprises. In addition, the above people also told reporters that the power industry's investment in the first move advantage of the characteristics of "newcomers" private capital occupies a weak position. "Power industry has a huge cost of sedimentation, asset specificity is very strong, can hardly be a conversion." When the investment surplus, will make some units idle, forming a sedimentation cost. His view was that because in the competitive environment, whether state-owned or private capital in the investment is very cautious, will carefully consider the structure of industrial investment, "so the power investment has a great commitment to the value of the first-time investment in the state-owned leaders through their own investment to restrain the investment scale, Thus more than the backward people occupy a greater market share.　　"The data show that only the state power companies in the country's power generation capacity and the sale of electricity accounted for 45% and 70% respectively, the monopoly status will not be shaken for a long time." Another observer told reporters that the state for environmental protection and energy-saving purposes, the capacity of the generator set size and technical performance requirements are increasing, which led to the generation of the minimum investment scale is also increasing, leading to a considerable number of private enterprises difficult to enter the industry.