The innovation of the domestic operating system and the breakthrough mode is the key

Domestic operating system is our industry has been chasing the dream. However, the past facts have proved that the support of national policies and government procurement alone, although the domestic operating system has a certain role in helping, but to fundamentally change the domestic operating system, large and not the non-market status quo, innovation and development model is the key to change.

Sailed is lost in innovation and market

Looking back to the development of domestic operating system, it started in 1999. At that time, the international Linux craze swept China, soft, red and other enterprises in the division into the Linux operating system research and development, and has launched its own products.

In 2001 Beijing government procurement of 2801 sets of operating systems, medium and soft, the division of Red Flag accounted for half of Microsoft's Windows XP is "out." Domestic operation system seems to be quite superior. Later, in 2006, the "legitimate movement", facing the high cost of pre-installed windows, many PC manufacturers to embrace the introduction of the Linux operating system of Chinese enterprises, which helped push the development of domestic operating systems. In addition, in 2008, the implementation of the "nuclear Shishou" major special, but also the development of domestic operating systems to give hundreds of millions of yuan of financial support.

Although the domestic operating system has had the above development opportunities, but the fact is that the domestic operating system rarely break through, is always the existence of marginalization. According to the Chinese website Statistical Analysis Platform (CNZZ) issued a 2013 3 ~ August Domestic Operating system market share of statistics, Windows market share is more than 90%, and Linux market share is hovering around 0.3%.

More pessimistic in the industry, at that time in the domestic operating system is quite well-known red flag, announced the dissolution of the liquidation in February this year. According to the information at that time, the total debt of red flag in China is about more than 20 million yuan, of which the majority of the employees ' arrears of wages. The bankruptcy of the red flag means that the 14-year-old, led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Software, based on Linux-made well-known operating system manufacturers have failed to survive the horse. In fact, since last April, the red flag of the division suffered a survival crisis, the company's management has told employees that the company encountered financial difficulties, wages can not be fully accounted for. After more than half a year, the company in the employee demand for the rights of the Whirlpool, also broke out in the company employees accused of "gold master" the Chinese Academy of Sciences software does not perform nuclear Shishou project supporting funds of the quarrel.

According to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Red Flag early in 2010 withdrew the overall department of the nuclear Shishou project, so the prerequisite for its provision of supporting funds no longer exist. It is reported that the Chinese red flag annual market income of not more than 10 million yuan, its 2010 and 2011 income mainly from the nuclear Shishou project, and the second half of 2012, the nuclear Shishou project funds exhausted only then appeared the capital break. The Chinese Academy of Sciences believes that the problem of Red flag in the division is caused by mismanagement. In analysts ' view, the bigger problem of the red flag failure is that the policy-protected enterprises have failed to withstand the brutal market competition, the core or product issues.

In this regard, a domestic Linux manufacturers related to the responsible person told reporters: "Now the Government procurement operating system and customized information projects seriously disconnected, the government on the one hand to encourage the procurement of domestic Linux operating system, on the other hand, in the information construction is based on windows to develop, Eventually led to government procurement of red flag software, such as domestic Linux is not used. ”

In addition, in the view of insiders, pay attention to "domestic rate", rather than "user experience", but also in the past the main reason for the Chinese software suffered Waterloo. If you still do not notice this, how much input, also not necessarily have the corresponding effect. In fact, before government procurement is biased in favour of the domestic operating system, and under the support of the state to become a lot of computer pre-installed software, but even the government agencies, to get the computer after the installation of Microsoft Windows and other operating systems.

Xingdong, director of the Center for Internet and Social Research at Zhejiang Media College, said that the biggest lessons of the past operating system were mainly through "863", "985" and other major research projects to support traditional scientific research institutions and state-owned enterprises, lack of basic market vitality and innovative ability.

Operating system is a system engineering innovation and ecology is the core

Referring to the operating system, reporters through a variety of interviews to understand a real market-oriented operating system hidden behind the hardships and conditions.

First, as an operating system, the technology is extremely complex. Microsoft, for example, published 50 million lines of code for Windows Vista in 2005. If you print 30 lines on a A4 paper, the Vista code has 1.66 million pages. Another major operating system Linux core code in 2008 also reached 10 million lines. This is only the basis of the statistics of the system, if the image of the interface and other peripheral systems, the size of the code is not much less than Windows.

The second is a huge cost. Businessweek has estimated the development costs of Vista, which is expected to cost more than 20 billion dollars. 20 billion is equivalent to the cost of one of the greatest scientific programs in human history, the Apollo moon mission. Although the times are different, but to know that Microsoft is a commercial company, and "Apollo" is the United States to use a country's strength to support the research project. Although Linux is an open source free operating system, but free does not mean that no cost. In contrast, a large number of individual organizations around the world have invested heavily in Linux development. A 2008 study by the Linux Foundation found that the Linux community release Fedora 9 would cost about 10.8 billion dollars. The cost is not much lower than the cost of Microsoft's operating system.

Again, there is a need for a large number of peripheral vendor support. Operating system is only the basis of computer use, outside the operating system, peripheral hardware and software device support determines the success or failure of the operating system. While returning to Apple, Mr. Jobs, in addition to borrowing 150 million of billions of dollars from Microsoft, has made Microsoft promise to provide office suites to Macs over the next 5 years. Because office is almost the most important business productivity suite, the lack of office Macs is almost impossible to achieve on a large scale. The promise has helped Apple to revive its excellent operating system. iOS was successful because it was the first to build a complete software ecosystem in the industry. At the end of 2013, the App store in Apple has topped 1 million.

Finally, the strong network effect, the new system is difficult to break through. The more perfect the ecosystem of an operating system, the more the hardware and software vendors it supports, the greater its value, the more people it uses (the so-called network effect). This network effect creates a high cost of substitution, which is so expensive that even the original manufacturer of the system has difficulty persuading users to switch to the new operating system.

In the face of the characteristics of the operating system, experts suggest that, first of all, the adoption of open mode, implementation of the two-platform strategy. Microsoft's products will gradually weaken and shield, in the PC domain replication Smartphone and smart plate mode, weakening the role of the operating system, to create an open Third-party application platform, so as to highlight the importance of application, to create greater value for users; second, innovate the model, draw lessons from the successful application store mode of smartphone field Maximize the richness of applications by attracting and pooling the forces of the open, with full equality and free competition on open platforms. In addition, the operating system should adapt to the popular "application store" mode, do the operating system to focus on the core, the application to rely on the vast number of software companies and software industry to work together, so that the domestic operating system of the ecosystem can flourish; Finally, including definable Internet, operators, terminals, Application and policy, including its own operating system industrial ecology.

"Our country has not its own operating system, not technical problems, nor market problems, but ecological problems." Therefore, in order to develop our own operating system, we must first set up the whole industrial ecology. The own operating system industry ecology, not only includes the definable Internet enterprise, the operator, the terminal chip manufacturer, the software application provider and so on industry chain's close cooperation, simultaneously also needs the policy level, the industry level support. Build domestic own operating system industry ecology, should be led by the Government to give policy support to the form of industrial alliances, integration of political, production, learning, research and other sectors of the resources and advantages, the introduction of private capital, the establishment of a Top-down technical standards system and industry norms, fully mobilize the relevant industries, enterprises and individuals to innovate actively, To build an industrial ecology conducive to the development of China's information industry. "A person in the industry told reporters.

Policy positive development model needs to be changed

Into this year, the government in support of domestic operating systems, the positive policy is frequent. For example, the Central government Procurement Center issued a notice on the State organs to prohibit the procurement of Windows 8 operating system, the development of domestic OS provides a rare opportunity. In addition, the procurement department also issued other policies to assist the domestic OS, for example, in the information procurement project, bidders in the bid proposal if the project is preloaded with the domestic OS, then you can add points in the review. All these give a clear signal to the domestic OS: The Government procurement market has given the green light to domestic OS.

From the Central government procurement website, the reporter learned that the current central State organs of domestic operating system procurement, including personal operating system and server operating system. The personal operating system includes the winning the bid Kirin, the division of Germany, the red flag and other 4 products; server operating system including Oracle, SI Pu, Wanli Open source, the successful bidder Kirin, the division of Germany, the red flag, Waco Lohn, Microsoft, Tuo Lin Si, longx operating system and other manufacturers of 10 products. From the shortlisted manufacturers, the individual operating system shortlisted manufacturers are domestic manufacturers, and shortlisted operating systems are based on the Linux kernel independent research and development of products; server operating system in addition to Oracle and Microsoft, the remaining 8 of the operating system finalists are domestic manufacturers.

In order to promote the development and industrialization of the intelligent terminal operating system in China, the Chinese intelligent Terminal operating system Industry Alliance was set up recently, and its members included more than 80 units from all walks of life, and NI Academician was the director of the Technical Expert committee of the Alliance.

In this respect, Chinese Academy of Engineering NI recently said that the breakthrough of domestic operating system, will first start from the desktop operating system, our country this October is expected to launch a new version of the domestic desktop operating system to support the application store. NI hope that in two years to replace the XP system, first on the desktop to achieve the replacement of localization, and then within 35 years, from desktop PC to mobile terminals. In addition NI also believes that the operating system business model innovation is also very important, the entire Chinese intelligent terminal operating system should create a unified ecosystem application environment.

Xingdong that China's development of its own operating system, the biggest strength is that compared with a decade ago, China's PC ownership, internet users, smartphone ownership of more than the United States, and the country's highest level of independent operating system of the strategic will has been very firm and clear, the key is to see how the industry grasp In the past, it has been proved that traditional scientific research institutions and state-owned enterprises are the dominant mode, and the direct support mode of the government funds without accountability is not successful. Pure bombs mode and nuclear Shishou mode are not good, pure market competition mechanism is not enough. Must avoid weaknesses. Adopt a two-tier model in terms of systems and products. Refer to the innovation of smartphone operating system, adopt layered mechanism, double exerting force. We should give full play to the institutional advantages of focusing our efforts on doing great things and maximize the market power of the Internet.

Huatai securities related people told reporters: "Domestic operating system for the replacement of Windows system will be the medium and long process, the policy level may take the lead in the government Department of the Office to promote domestic operating system to win the replacement of the system, and vigorously promote the application software and hardware peripherals to the domestic operating system compatible development, Cultivate the healthy ecology of the domestic operating system, and gradually promote the substitution in commercial and civil fields. ”

(editor: Mengyishan)