The key to the reform of college Entrance Examination: Increasing examination opportunities

"Life in hell is about to begin.　　"Liu Nan, a senior high school student in Tianjin, said.　　Liu Nan is about to take part in the exam, is a "China's first Test," said the college entrance examination. This is a large number of participants in the same game, according to incomplete statistics, in just the end of the 2009 National College Entrance Examination, examinee up to 10.2 million people.　　Because the competition is too intense, every year July, the media often dubbed "the Army over the log Bridge" to describe. In order to have a good "log Bridge", now or in the holiday, Liu Nan has already started her "preparation for life": 6 o'clock in the morning every day to get up, 7 o'clock to school early self-study, watch one hours of English; 8:30 start classes, morning 4 classes, 12:00 Siesta, lunch, after dinner lying on the table a little rest 2:10 again class, or 4 section, Evening 6:30 night self-study, 2 classes, to 9:00 to go home. Go home and have a lot of homework, generally finished to be around 12 o'clock in the evening.　　Wash a face hurriedly, go to bed quickly, because tomorrow still have to get up early. Liu Nan very dislike the present life condition, but she also agrees, "after all, the college entrance examination will decide my future destiny."　　"It can be foreseen that in the coming year, Liu Nan and her classmates will live in the days of longing and anxiety."　　In fact, not only Liu Nan to the college entrance examination dissatisfaction, even her eyes in the hands of "whip" high school teacher principals, a talk about the current college entrance examination system is full complaints. The current college entrance examination system has kidnapped basic education, including primary and secondary schools.　　"Special member of Beijing CPPCC Committee of Education and Health," said Wang Jindang, a former president of Peking University. In the eyes of the more than 10-year old school principal, the primary and secondary schools have become the "mercenaries" of the college entrance examination, especially the high school has become the "preparatory class": the contents of the college entrance examination to learn, do not study or learn less.　　In a hurry to compress the three-year plan of the high school syllabus into two years or even 1.5, the aim is to squeeze the rest of the time to the college entrance exam, and the normal teaching of high school is discounted or even completely distorted. Professor Xiaixianqing, director of the BLCU Institute of Educational Measurement, who studies the examination system for a long time, sees that the destructive impact of the current college entrance examination system is not limited to primary and secondary education, "the harm of the college entrance examination, the most lethal or this Exam-oriented education, since childhood, has dampened the curiosity and creativity of Chinese children, affecting the entire national education system from basic education to higher learning.　　As many knowledgeable people in the education sector have said, the current college entrance examination system has arrived at the "time for radical change".　　The 3 drafts of the college entrance examination reform compared with the official version of the college Entrance Examination reform program, there are many similarities, such as the level of admission, the university's autonomous enrollment is equivalent to many areas of domestic reform similar, in this issue, the folk than the official first step. Recently, the domestic civil education think-tank 21st Century Institute of Education released a "folk version" of the college Entrance Examination reform program, which brings together many education professionalsThe wisdom of home scholars and front-line teachers.　　The basic idea of its reform is summed up as "unified examination, multi-level multiple tracks, independent enrollment, multiple admissions, fair and impartial". First of all, the implementation of the multi-rail and hierarchical unified subject knowledge examination.　　Research-oriented universities, general undergraduate colleges and higher vocational colleges, as well as different disciplines, can adopt different examination subjects respectively. "Exams can be divided into five to eight rails, where each student can take exams on different tracks."　　"Yang Dongping, director of the Institute of Educational Development 21st century, Professor of Beijing Polytechnic University.　　According to his introduction, in its design of the college Entrance Examination program, according to the characteristics of the subject can be classified into different categories, that is, different tracks: History and philosophy can be classified as a class, math such pure basic science can be classified as a class, business management major can be classified as a class, and engineering technology is classified as a class. "In this way, different students can be tested with different test papers, and each candidate will be more accurate in its characterization."　　"Yang Dongping said.　　At the same time, in this private version of the college Entrance Examination reform scheme, another bright spot is to hold the "national level of academic proficiency test." [Page] According to the program makers, "Academic ability Level test" content to study the basic analysis of students, judgment, logical thinking and other abilities, similar to the United States SAT test, is the standard evaluation of students ' academic level, as candidates apply for college independent enrollment threshold conditions.　　The academic proficiency test can be held 3 times a year and is valid for two years. "Our aim is to expand the choice of candidates, the implementation of university enrollment autonomy as the core, the establishment of a unified examination based on the multi-track, diversified examination system and admission system."　　Bingqi, a professor at Shanghai Jiaotong University, who directly fenced the "folk version" of the college Entrance Examination reform program.　　At the level of the Education Department, the calm sea level is raging in the reform of college entrance examination.　　According to our correspondent learned that the current tense drafting of the "medium and long-term national education reform and Development Planning outline" (hereinafter referred to as "Planning outline"), for the reform of the college entrance examination has involved.　　"Promoting quality education" is one of the 11 major strategic thematic research groups set up for the "Planning outline", and the most important part of this task group is the "deepening of the reform of enrollment examination system". "At present, for the reform of the college entrance examination, we put forward 3 plans, mainly to solve the comprehensive quality of students and a test for a lifelong problem."　　"According to a person involved in the task force. This reporter from close to the drafting group learned that the research report mentioned in the three kinds of college entrance examination program "Each has a focus": programme 1: Through the high school academic level examination is to participate in the college entrance examination of the prerequisite, can pass many examinations. College entrance Examination only 3 Doors: Chinese, maths, foreign language, not a penny of science.　　Colleges and universities according to the college entrance examination results, refer to high school academic level test scores and comprehensive results, the merit. Programme 2: Through the high school academic level examination is to participate in the college entrance examination of the prerequisite, can pass many examinations. HighTest according to the subject Group 5: Chinese, mathematics, foreign language, experimental subjects related to the examination of the subject of the optional one, the humanities subject to the examination of the profession of the optional one, do not divide the arts and sciences. Colleges and universities according to the college entrance examination results, refer to high school academic level test scores and comprehensive results, the merit.　　Colleges and universities can take the weighted average score according to the training direction and target, different professional weighting coefficients are different. Programme 3: Higher vocational colleges are separated from the entrance examinations of ordinary colleges and universities. Examination content embodies different characteristics, regardless of the high and low level. Demonstrative higher vocational colleges and provinces and cities with mature conditions should actively explore the mode of talent selection which accords with the training rules and characteristics of higher vocational education.　　Students who have obtained higher vocational colleges are also successful.　　In fact, observers familiar with the development of local education, it is easy to find that some of the reforms in the above plan has already been in the local pilot, such as the programme 3 involved in the higher vocational and university separate admission measures, Shanghai city as early as the year before the start of the pilot. According to the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Education officials, there are now 16 higher vocational colleges do not need to pass the college entrance examination can be admitted in advance candidates.　　Some parents feel that their children's grades are not very good, it is difficult to enter the undergraduate university, coupled with the future employment considerations, choose to let the children do not participate in the fierce competition of the college entrance examination, but directly ahead into the vocational college study, which liberated a group of students.　　Compared with the official version of the college Entrance Examination reform program, it is not difficult to find that there are many similarities, such as the level of admission, university independent enrollment and so on.　　In the view of the President of the Chinese Institute of Education and Professor Gu Mingyuan of Beijing Normal University, these reform measures are aimed at the same goal, that is, "allow students to take the exam many times and give them more opportunities".　　and has been concerned about the reform of the college entrance examination Yang Dongping also optimistic that, "I believe that the new reform of the college entrance examination system will be proposed in the near future, it will certainly be a lot more than the present change." Peking University Brewing 2010 independent enrollment policy Beijing is to be in some areas to enable the "High School principal name recommendation system." The students who were recommended by the headmaster dropped 30 points into the university.　　Beijing University, China's most famous institution of higher learning, wants to take a new path in the thorny Bush of the college entrance examination.　　Not long ago, Beida announced that the school is brewing 2010 years of independent enrollment policy, will be in some areas to enable the "High School principal name recommendation system." [Page] Liu Mingli, director of the Admissions office of Peking University, told the newspaper that Peking University is to delineate a number of key secondary schools in the country, and the principals of these schools can recommend outstanding graduates to Peking University.　　These students, who are recommended by the headmaster, can be admitted to the university when they attend the college entrance examination. "Our highest score is to drop 30 points, within 30 points of students, I believe that society can accept such students, 30 of students should say that the degree of excellence is almost the same."　　"Liu Mingli said. The reason for this reform is that the university entrance examination itself is a test, many students have the possibility of mistakes, the same logic, the current university sinceThe same phenomenon may exist in the main selection. "For example, the written examination of the independent enrollment can not be said to fully represent the true level of all the examiners, so when we admit students, if it is through the principal's serious recommendation, we see proof of the students excellent place, we can properly explore this recommendation of the way and mode."　　"Liu Mingli said.　　This reform, for Liu Nan and her classmates, means adding another channel to the university.　　Professor Xiaixianqing, who has been studying the examination system, has "applauded" the step taken by Peking University. "I was very supportive and thought it was a very big break. Over the years I have been stressed that in the audition to give high school teachers to speak, high school principals also belong to the teacher.　　"Xiaixianqing said.　　In his view, the current admission examination system in the existence of a major unreasonable is that in the student evaluation of the most voice of high school teachers, principals have no say.　　As a psychologist, Xiaixianqing that, in terms of ability evaluation, a good test is not as accurate as a teacher's long-term observation of a student, let alone a mental evaluation.　　In contrast to Xie's optimism, public opinion has raised questions about this, and the voices of opposition to the reform of Peking University have come from the parents of students, some directly from principals and teachers in the field of basic education. "So, don't you put us in the most stressful position?"　　"The headmaster of a key middle school in Jiangsu Province said to reporters.　　In the view of the headmaster, many times, a few students ranked at the forefront of the study scores are not too much, and often will occur some changes, this test a good ranking by the front, the next time may encounter their own good topic, take a higher score and run to a front, often more difficult to identify. "But some children's parents energy is very big, the parents say a word, not to mention the school, is the city noodles, the province inside leadership all must consider, encounters this kind of situation, you say I actually choose which one?"　　The headmaster's tone was dignified.　　Other parents worry that principals in key schools will use the policy to reap the benefits. "With the president of a little closer, parents can PR, get this recommendation, now what is likely to happen, not long ago, Chongqing, the college entrance examination champion through the change of national bonus points, is an example."　　Liu Nan's mother, Ms. Li said.　　In her opinion, the daughter because of less than the students test a point and did not go to Peking University, oneself can accept; but if it is because other students parents have energy, bribed the headmaster to get the recommended quota, oneself is "absolutely unacceptable". "Peking University to implement the recommendation system of secondary school principals, can not recruit good students not necessarily, can not be said that these key high school principals are quickly rich, all become millionaires."　　Ms. Li expressed her concern. Wang Jindang, the former president of Beijing, used the words "look beautiful" to evaluate the reform of Peking University, "I think this is a subjective intention of the university, but the operation is not so simple." "All sorts of questions about society, BeidaSays the reform is not just a recommendation from a middle school principal, behind it is a set of systems as a safeguard, so as to avoid the risks of reform: first, Beida will be selected to identify the middle school principals, and their recommended students, and then through publicity this way to accept the supervision of social media.　　[Page] "High School principal recommendation, not to say that the principal one recommendation finally have a result, recommendation is only a beginning, we have to go through all aspects of inspection and supervision." In addition, we will consider the feasibility of this recommendation system for a long time.　　"Liu Mingli said.　　In addition, the enrollment of all the process is also to go through the Beijing University admissions Disciplinary department to supervise the whole process of participation.　　If there are high school principals really dare to touch the high-voltage line, favoritism, Peking University will also have severe punishment measures, including the abolition of student acceptance qualifications, in a certain extent to inform the headmaster of disciplinary action, the plot even worse can directly cancel the headmaster's future qualifications.　　In Professor Xiaixianqing's view, the new enrollment system of Peking University reform, a noteworthy bright spot said "real-name", its actual function, is the principal's doings in front of all, if the headmaster is not fair, students report, parents will report.　　Despite the divergence of opinions, the determination of the Peking University reform seems to have been decided.　　According to Liu Mingli, the recent Beijing University in Zhejiang and Beijing have opened a high school principals symposium, the meeting, the invitation of more than 80 key secondary schools throughout the country to Peking University, to consult these basic education front-line people on the reform of the views. "We are ready to do a specific operation in this summer, the implementation of the scheme, before the actual introduction of the system, we will have a special discussion on this issue, set a reasonable enrollment system and implementation procedures."　　He further revealed that the reform of the Beijing University, "the recent Ministry of Education is also doing a summary discussion." The reform of college entrance examination reform to the new stage from "mending" to "innovation".　　And the study of the United States sat exam way, it is the most vocal one of the most loudly a Chinese college entrance examination reform, despite the faltering, but in fact, has been in the march.　　After resuming the college entrance Examination in 1977, how to better pass the examination to select talents for the country has always been a focal point of the educational authorities.　　In the past more than 10 years, the Ministry of Education has been swinging in the choice of two reform paths, according to a person familiar with China's test reform. One kind of path, belongs to the more bold, the more radical thought, namely increases the ability examination the mentality. The idea is largely inspired by the American Sat (Learning evaluation Test) and the GRE (postgraduate level test). Both types of exams in the United States are aptitude tests, which are marked by the decoupling of exams from textbooks. "The examination center of the Ministry of Education has carefully considered this method of examination."　　Professor Xiaixianqing recalls. According to his introduction, as early as "75", "85" period, the implementation of "competency test" is the original China's examination of theAn important research topic in the heart, in Beijing Normal University and ECNU have organized two groups of subjects, not only the United States sat carried out a systematic study, but also compiled a number of different learning ability examination papers, and the high school students, the university tested. "Later, for a variety of practical reasons, this reform failed to go ahead."　　"Xiaixianqing said. And in contrast to the above reform ideas, that is, in the existing examinations to enhance the ability to investigate the idea, the previous in the implementation of the college entrance Examination "3+X" reform program that is the embodiment of this idea. In this "3+x" model does not include a competency test, is a subject knowledge test.　　The outstanding characteristic of this kind of thinking is that the examination is linked with the textbook.　　Decision making of this choice, or understandable, after all, after all, a reform of the idea belongs to the "tinkering" reform, although conservative, but not without sound, for the college entrance examination so involved in the thousands court of the vital interests of the incident, to maintain a smooth transition of reform is the best and only choice for decision-making At present, no matter from the participating countries to formulate the "planning outline" of the experts, or the various voices of the folk, are more inclined to reform the college entrance examination from the "repair" to "innovation" of the new stage.　　and learning the American SAT exam is the most vocal of many voices.　　[Page]　　The SAT is called the "American college entrance Exam", provided by the American Educational Examination Service (Educational Testing Services, ETS), a private non-profit education examination and evaluation agency, which is now one of the most basic admissions conditions for most American universities.　　Xiaixianqing in 1999 to ETS did a year of postdoctoral, his evaluation is "scientific best, very exquisite" examination mode. In Xiaixianqing's view, the Chinese college Entrance examination can develop to the SAT direction, because both have a common characteristic, is the third party examination. "Our college entrance exam is actually similar to the SAT, which is neither a high school test nor a college exam," he said. But the big difference between us and the United States is that we are an official family with no competitors, while the US is hosted by private non-profit organizations and not just sat on an exam. "According to Xie, in fact, the SAT in the United States has already faced this very big challenge, is the Act (American College test), the test and sat are called" The American College Entrance Examination ", is a U.S. university entrance conditions,　　It is also one of the main bases for awarding scholarships to universities and the test standard of students ' comprehensive ability. In time, it is no doubt that the SAT is Big brother, the test began in 1926, and Act is 1958 years of the test. By the 70 's, the SAT's influence was far beyond act.　　Data show that basically 1.5 million people attend the Act sat,40 every year. However, as the ACT test continues to improve, the number of candidates currently attending two exams has been basedBen is flat and can reach more than 1 million times a year. Similarly, in the 80 's, most American universities wanted SAT scores, and in some parts of the middle of the act, most schools now recognise both.　　Act has become increasingly powerful.　　Therefore, some experts said that if the domestic want to learn the United States SAT examination methods, we must create a competitive atmosphere of space, in order to facilitate the continuous improvement of assessment tools.　　And for the college entrance examination reform, more experts stand on the level of reform of the university to examine. The higher education in the past two years is the issue of university enrollment autonomy. Since 2003, the implementation of independent enrollment, but not the real sense of independent enrollment, students choose the right or not.　　Said Professor Bingqi of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Professor Xiaixianqing also at the end of an article called "The possibility of reforming the enrollment system in colleges and universities", saying, "The university president wins the day of independent enrollment, which is when the exam-oriented education dies." ”