The Pearl River Delta Employment Shortage Survey: Why they come and why go

CFP Pearl River Delta Five Cities employment shortage Depth Survey series one report Christmas and the New Year are the two major global festivals, will the Pearl River delta encounter employment shortage? South and the Public Affairs investigation Center of Zhongshan University jointly carry out the deep investigation of peasant workers in Pearl River Delta in 2010 since the financial crisis, the Pearl River delta Labor shortage and labor relations have become the focus of political and academic circles. Early this year spread in Dongguan, Zhongshan and other emerging cities as the representative of the Pearl River Delta region migrant workers shortage again set off the Pearl River delta migrant workers living conditions, urban industrial transformation and other issues. The prevailing view is that the era of economic growth driven by cheap labour is over, and the shift from labour-intensive to technology-intensive is an accepted trend. Now that the impact of the financial crisis has faded, combined with the end of Christmas and the New Year's two major global festivals, will the "World factory" in Guangdong can again usher in the annual export peak? This year during the spring Festival frequently occurred due to the lack of workers to give up orders will be repeated? Has the labor shortage problem been solved through good channels? is the economic transformation of the Pearl River Delta region really to the inflection point?　　In order to understand the economic and livelihood problems of the PRD, the Southern Metropolis Daily has launched a series of research reports on economic problems in the Pearl River Delta region, and discussed in depth the current situation and causes of economic, social and livelihood in the Pearl River Delta region. Labor shortage is still not effectively resolved this series of reports refer to the Southern Metropolis Daily and the Sun Yat-sen University Public Affairs investigation Center to launch the "2010 Pearl River Delta Peasant Workers income and expenditure structure Survey report".　　This survey deeply explores the survival status and economic environment of peasant workers in the Pearl River Delta region, and helps us to understand clearly and intuitively the survival status of this large group which is on the periphery of the urban agglomeration. After the beginning of the year after the visit to Dongguan, Zhongshan and other land friends may also remember many streets of enterprise recruitment licensing, factory leasing advertising this unique scene.　　Reporters through the small and medium-sized enterprises in Dongguan, the random interview and personal feeling found that today, although the job ads are no longer everywhere, but a considerable part of Dongguan manufacturing enterprises still face recruitment difficulties or staff difficult to stay. In order to obtain the Pearl River Delta Region Enterprise employment situation first-hand information, the reporter dialed a number of Dongguan regional enterprises in charge of the phone, the other side of the answer surprisingly consistent: "or lack!" Asked why, Dongguan Humen Crown Emperor Shoe Factory factory director Ranching wisdom that the vicious competition between the same kind of enterprises too serious, coupled with staff often impetuous mentality, resulting in the current manufacturing industry is not very optimistic situation. Other parts of the country also improve the labor environment, the Pearl River Delta region's attractiveness has been relatively weakened.　　As for industrial restructuring, he says he is now on the sidelines. If the vacancy situation is serious, what measures does the enterprise plan to take? Dongguan, director of Electrical and Mechanical Co., Ltd. Deng said that enterprises have a big heart, but the problem of recruitment difficult has not been effectively resolved, in order to operate the factory, the company can only work to control costs. On the one hand also do not give up continue to hire. But when asked whether he would like to attract talent through a raise, the person in charge has reservations. DongguanHumen Jackie Clothing factory boss Kim Huaje said, not only difficult to recruit, apparel industry profits after heavy compression is still very little.　　I'm looking for a chance to see if there are any better opportunities in other industries. In fact, in addition to the external environment, many migrant workers think that the company itself to provide pay relativities staff's attractiveness is essential. As a result of regional strategic planning, such as the development of the West and the rise of the central region, many migrant workers choose to work in local enterprises closer to home, and many people say that "the income is not very poor, and more convenient to reunite with their families." "Visible long-term low wage levels, coupled with rising prices, inflationary pressures are the Pearl River delta labor shortage of the" culprit. Companies think they have difficulties too. Reporters interviewed a clothing factory general manager Deng, he reluctantly said: "Not that we do not want to pay for staff, the current economic situation is still unclear." Most of the orders we get are medium and short term, corporate profits are very limited, and even some of them have to lose money, so they dare not raise their salaries sharply. "Migrant workers shortage for a reason, the society, enterprises and migrant workers in three aspects of the causes of the shortage of migrant workers." From a social standpoint, the background of the financial turmoil has caused a certain market trend, so the demand for employment as a derivative demand has been rising; the central rising, the western development and other national regional development strategic Planning also occupy a part of the labor resources; long passable wage level and social security, impersonal domicile,　　Education policy can not meet the economic needs and spiritual comfort of migrant workers; In the case of rising labour costs, many companies are considering replacing workers with machines to cope with the shortage of migrants, and it is premature to introduce new labour contract laws in the context of an uncertain economy. From the enterprise point of view, many enterprises of human resources management awareness is not in place, but also contributed to the loss of labor.　　In the face of the transformation of economic development, many enterprises have failed to take predictive action on the scientific management of human resources in advance, and their respective demands cannot be reconciled. As for peasant workers, the group structure is changing with the change of economic structure. Nowadays, the main force of peasant workers has been taken over by the 80 and the new generation, and their educational background and spiritual pursuits have deviated from the first generation of peasant workers. Most of the new generation of migrant workers have secondary or high school culture, in addition to pay, they also pay attention to career prospects. Therefore, in the employment problem, it is inevitable that sometimes "puny". Many recruiters in the human resources market have a lot of emotion. "We intend to recruit 200 production workers," said a recruiting representative for a computer accessories factory in Dongguan. But a lot of young people who came to the job were told to go to the shop and turn around.　　However, from another point of view, the new generation of job-seekers is to the previous generation of migrant workers to endure the employment model of correction, to promote social public and equality has a certain positive impetus, should arouse the employers and the community attention. Guangdong provincial party secretary Wang Yang also on the long-standing problem of migrant workers, said that the current shortage of labor relative to China's huge population base, is only temporary, relative. He summed upAs a result, the shortage of labor skills training, the low salary and welfare level of enterprises and the limited communication channels between employers and employees are the important reasons of labor shortage in the Pearl River Delta region.　　Is there any improvement in the quality of life of migrant workers? From the "Survey of peasant workers ' income and expenditure structure in the 2010, the peasant workers benefit from the continuous development and improvement of economy, education and legal system."　　The income of peasant laborer is increasing gradually, the living environment is improving gradually. Surveys show that the income of migrant workers has increased since July 2009. It is noteworthy, however, that the level of expenditure on migrant workers is also growing, with food and housing spending significantly higher than education and cultural expenditures.　　This also means that the quality of life of migrant workers is still open to question. At the same time, we also see that many enterprises are quite ignorant of the basic rights of migrant workers. Statistics from August 2010 ago show that 36.3% of migrant workers do not sign labor contracts with their units, and construction workers have not signed labor contracts as high as 72.5%. Most of the migrant workers surveyed only bought one social security for them. The total of five social security units for migrant workers are numbered, accounting for only 9.2%. Peasant workers Xiao Yang's words may have a certain representativeness: "We are not too understand, the factory said to sign what is, as long as pay." According to the information obtained from the survey team in 2009 and 2010, many children of migrant workers are enrolled in schools for migrant workers, and these schools are not only low in fees but also relatively poor in teaching conditions. In Shunde, migrant workers Wu told reporters: "Our children three-year-old half, want to send him to kindergarten, where to read Ah!" "Geographical depth five cities 1588 questionnaires: we are trying to answer the three questions the survey on the income and expenditure of the foreign workers in the Pearl River Delta was launched in July 2009, and the detailed investigation recorded the peasant workers ' income and expenditure situation in the Pearl River Delta.　　In August this year, the Public Affairs investigation Center of Zhongshan University and the Southern Metropolis Daily jointly launched the "Survey of peasant workers ' income and expenditure structure of the 2010 Pearl River Delta". In the light of the hot topics in the labor and capital field of peasant workers, this paper updates the data of peasant workers ' income and expenditure, and makes a comprehensive analysis on the living conditions of peasant workers. The latest issue of the survey issued a total of 1588 questionnaires, 1494 recovery questionnaires, effective recovery rate of 94.1%. The survey was conducted in five major cities in the Pearl River Delta region as sampling points, with 297 in Guangzhou (19.9%), 292 in Dongguan (19.5%), 289 in Shenzhen (19 in 3%), Foshan in 318 (21.3%), and 300 in Zhuhai (20.1%). Research revolves around the following issues: 1, since July 2009, the income level of migrant workers compared to the previous year has been improved? If so, how much is the increase, if not, what is the reason? 2, compared with the previous years, the level of migrant workers ' spending has changed? How do you understand this change? 3. Is there any difference between the income and expenditure structure of peasant workers in the intergenerational level? Two generations of peasant workers coexist in the new and the oldDoes it affect the structure of the income and expenditure of peasant workers? The investigation team is mainly a student at Sun Yat-sen University School of government, each of whom distributes 30 questionnaires and is responsible for a migrant worker case interview to record the stories of individual respondents in the group. So we saw a fresh image of migrant workers.　　Some people are full of ambition, some are lost, some stories are comforting, some stories are sad, we see their struggles, we can see their hope.　　Please note the next report of this newspaper. This edition source: "Southern Metropolis Daily" Regional Economic Research Institute, Zhongshan University Public Affairs Investigation Center South all reporter Chen Lin