Tsinghua University uses large data science to measure happiness

Tsinghua publishes "Happiness China Index"

Recently http://www.aliyun.com/zixun/aggregation/25205.html "> Tsinghua University behavior and large data laboratory, on the International Day of Happiness released a" Tsinghua Happiness China Index. This "Tsinghua Happiness China Index" overturns the traditional measure of happiness by standard, but analyzes the annual data of the 2013 microblog, using large data to explore the topic of happiness for the first time. Yesterday, Tsinghua University psychology director, behavior and large data laboratory director Peng in the United States after the United Nations Happy Day Memorial Congress returned to Beijing, to accept the Chengdu business Newspaper reporter interview, detailed explanation this two years completed "Tsinghua Happy China Index" behind the story. Chengdu Business Daily chief journalist Zhaoqian from Beijing

What is happiness

Happiness, individuality, personal, cultural characteristics, attached to the individual attributes, is a holistic, comprehensive experience, rather than a certain moment of mood.

Culture-related

Chengdu's civic culture is particularly strong, people will easily feel happy, may eat a hot pot happy.

Methods of Ascension

"Why people living in Chengdu like Chengdu, Beijing so much north drift but do not like Beijing, the city of concern, is to improve the well-being of the way." ”

In the "Tsinghua Happiness Index", Beijing and Shanghai did not even enter the top 50.

Peng, head of psychology at Tsinghua University and director of behavioral and data laboratories, said he did not use some of the usual measures to measure the city's specific construction situation and happiness index, but through the direct feelings of urban residents to calculate. There are many reasons for unhappiness in every place, he personally think that the reasons for the low Happiness Index in Beijing and Shanghai are the high degree of urbanization, which causes the relationship between people to be indifferent. Traditional social relations support is weaker. In addition, the work pressure, the competition pressure is bigger, the city disease is serious, the air pollution, the traffic jam and so on all aspects question, this is the modern industrial city brings the pressure.

Strong Civic Culture

Chengdu People Happiness Index is high

In cities such as Hangzhou and Chengdu, urban culture is dominated by happiness, positivity and happiness. "Happiness, in fact, is a city tradition of the two cities," Peng said. It is as if Hangzhou people are not happy sorry Hangzhou "paradise on earth" reputation, Chengdu people are not happy as if you are not Chengdu people. Chengdu's urban tradition, including the content of civilian entertainment. In fact, people living in the city, is based on their own experience in urban life to measure whether happiness. There is no standard for a happy city, but it is related to the culture, tradition and characteristics of the city. It is not that the GDP of a city is high, how many green spaces there are, how many libraries have been built, and the citizens who live here must feel happy. "I used to think that Happy City has a unified standard, in fact, the city's happiness is not the same, the public experience and feel more important." ”

Peng that happiness, individuality, personal, cultural characteristics, attachment to individual attributes, is a holistic, comprehensive experience, rather than a certain moment of mood. Chengdu's civic culture is particularly strong, people will easily feel happy, may eat a hot pot happy.

Government increases people's happiness

"It's better than icing on the cake."

Peng also found that there are ways to increase happiness. If the government solves the common people unhappy factor, to the happiness increase effect is obvious. For example, if you spend a single effort to solve the haze, you can add 2 points of happiness. Solve problems such as Medicare and the gap between rich and poor. "It's better than icing on the cake." "In addition, people's love of the city, the degree of participation and the promotion of responsibility, can also improve happiness." "Why people living in Chengdu like Chengdu, Beijing so much north drift but do not like Beijing, the city of concern, is to improve the well-being of the way." ”

What is happiness?

Peng, head of psychology at Tsinghua University, director of behavioral and data laboratories, said that the most happiness of events ranked first is doing what they love to do, may be photography, may be flowers, may also be writing. Watching movies, partying with friends, reading, and eating with family are all things that make people feel happy. At the same time, they found an interesting phenomenon in the survey, people feel happy things, in fact, the difference is very big, but unhappy things, identity is more consistent.

In more than 1200 words

Happy is the most representative of happiness

Peng, head of psychology at Tsinghua University, director of behavioral and data laboratories, said the United States measured happiness in the sense that it was happy to talk about "HAPPY" often. In combination with Chinese cultural and psychological characteristics, they use more than 1200 Chinese words to construct a set of vocabulary to measure happiness, including not only emotional vocabulary, but also action and event vocabulary. They found that "happy" is the most mentioned word, but also the most able to carry the meaning of the emotional words of happiness. The reference rate of the word "power" is quite high when describing the level of ascension.

GDP per capita

Up to 3000 dollars

Happiness rises to inflection point

In some particularly affluent areas, the index of happiness decreases

In the report, Peng and his team found that happiness and economic power do not have a completely positive link, the national average of GDP3000 the dollar around the inflection point, the GDP per capita than this number, happiness index will not increase with economic growth.

So how does this conclusion come about? Peng says they are calculated. Two coordinates, one is represents the economic income growth the horizontal axis, one is represents the happiness index the ordinate. Urban painting in the distribution map, through the optimal fitting curve, found in the beginning is the economic growth, happiness is a point of growth. But after 3000 dollars, the curve becomes parallel, no longer positive growth.

Peng some concerns, and he found a less obvious tendency in his report. In some particularly affluent areas, the higher the GDP, the lower the happiness index, where GDP and happiness are a possible inverted U-curve. Peng is worried that if the future of urban development does not change in advance the GDP-oriented model, the future GDP will be higher, people feel more unhappy situation. "Beijing, Shanghai Why many people feel unhappy, this is the tragedy of industrialization, happiness did not improve." ”

Happy people have what

In the survey report, Peng found that some of China's moderately high income, economic independence, a clear middle-aged men, the highest happiness. And some young men, happiness is relatively low. As for China's elderly, happiness index is not obvious, there is particularly high happiness, there are particularly low. Among women, middle-aged women have a relatively high sense of happiness. However, from the professional to distinguish happiness, peng that it is difficult to say clearly, the only thing can be seen is the teacher's happiness is relatively high, other occupations do not particularly obvious performance.

So what affects people's happiness? Peng said that happiness is also related to income stability, family stability, because the level of well-being needs, in the basic necessities of life are met, love and social status assurance, will enjoy a higher level of satisfaction. For example, through hobbies and participation in social activities to obtain happiness.

Why Study Happiness Index

Happiness index reflects social change priorities

With the improvement of the material living standard, people pay more and more attention to the subjective feeling of life quality. And the social mentality and people's behavior choice has the close connection, is analyzes the social situation and grasps the development change tendency the important aspect. Some social mentality indicators can tell us that the people who are most likely to be dissatisfied are not the most difficult people in life, but the people who have the greatest disparity between expectations and their own living standards.

For example, all countries in the world, including China's academic research on happiness shows that happiness is a feeling, it is not directly related to wealth and the level of life, more likely to have a greater impact on happiness is expected height, desire size, reference to compare objects near and far, social openness and social change priorities.

Social psychologists have set out a formula: the human emotion index = expectation Fulfillment Value/inner expectation. When the ratio of the expected realization value to the inner expectation is greater than or equal to 1, when the former is greater than or equal to the latter, the emotion of the person is excited and satisfied; Social anxiety phenomenon will increase the social members of the social identity, reduce people's satisfaction with life and happiness index, anxiety and happiness is inversely proportional, the more anxiety, the less happiness.

Why use large data methods

Large data analysis reveals potential trends

The study, which lasted 2 years, included extensive online data surveys of the Internet, as well as an accurate offline survey of individuals, involving more than 20,000 people, covering all over China. Peng says they are doing 365 days of continuous dynamic happiness surveys. Happiness is not an abstract judgment, but a long-term accumulation of a year.

Big Data is a new concept, and IBM can easily understand that large data has three features: mass, high speed, and diversification. Schoenberg's big Data age argues that big data analysis is not about random samples, but all data. Large data analysis is not causation, but correlation.

The main task of large data analysis: The first category is the predictive task, which predicts the value of some other specific attribute based on the value of some attributes. The second category describes tasks, and the goal is to derive patterns of potential links in the summary data, including correlations, trends, clustering, trajectories, and anomalies.

For example: Zhang is at home, suddenly someone knocks at the door, after opening the door, the other side but call themselves express but go the wrong place; the results wait for Zhang three after the door, the man went to the door of the DOE House, Doe Open, this person is the same rhetoric; Finally, when the man knocked at Harry's house, no one came to the door. He pried open the door lock and carried out the theft. From our personal perspective, everyone will think that his personal behavior is normal, but if the eyes of the Community security camera monitoring data, you will find that this is a potential threat, the person's behavior is abnormal.