Water leakage collapses after the introduction of crayfish into 20,000 acres of Honghe in Yunnan

The "Crayfish event" in the Yuanyang terrace of the Yuanyang Shrimp war has aroused the disagreement of domestic experts and scholars. Yunnan University Professor Shi Pengfei suggested that the protection of terraced fields and the success of the work is indeed very important, but should consider the economic development of local people, the government can consider in the protection of terraced core area under the premise of vigorously develop crawfish aquaculture. Zhi, a professor at Peking University, argues that the introduction of crayfish in the Yuanyang Terrace is a bitter lesson, and should take this opportunity to educate the villagers and publicize the dangers of invasive alien species. From the angle of ecological protection, it is not advisable to promote the crayfish, from the angle of protecting cultural and natural heritage, it is not recommended to change the terraced fields. Preparation for the Yunnan Red River Terrace suddenly met the challenge of leaking, collapse, and all this is the originator of a table food: crayfish. from Yunnan Province Honghe Yuanyang County Agricultural Bureau statistics: since 2006, the county has a number of villages and towns have been 21560 acres of small lobsters to different degrees of harm. "Looking at the rice field crayfish can not control the growth, we can not eat, also sell, had to ask the government for help, the government told us the way is to put pesticides to eliminate them." "Yuanyang County water Blon Village villagers He Wan said that there was no crayfish, farmers do not know this kind of thing is very suitable for growing in rice fields, and in the terraced fields of rice is the only way for the local people." In the face of the reporter who came to visit the crayfish, He Wan said he was puzzled: "Some journalists want us to destroy all the crayfish in accordance with the Government's method, but some people ask us if we can expand the size of the crayfish." "Of course, he thinks," as long as there is a market, can make more money, what to do in their own fields, we can decide for ourselves. The local authorities ' attitude towards crayfish is: because Yuanyang County geographical environment is special, all are mountainous area and have no Pingba, elevation drop is big, whether is paddy field or pond All is trapezoidal arrangement, if the introduction small dragon Shrimp breed, its harmfulness is difficult to control, therefore forbid to breed crayfish in any water of the county territory. For the local Hani, Yi and other ethnic minorities in the cultivation of terraced fields since ancient times, terrace is their representative culture, and the rice in the terraced fields is their lifeblood. Ecological disaster stretches across the Red River on both sides, elevation 2500 meters of Red River Terrace, now has become one of the most beautiful scenery in the world. Spring, it is a piece of green miracle, autumn, it is the hope of the local people's life. There are about 1 million acres of rice terraced fields in Honghe, Yunnan province, which has been recognized for its special historical value and cultural status. In the past more than 10 years, the Red River Terrace has become a tourist attraction for tourists all over the world. The local government has actively promoted the terrace culture and hopes to apply it to the World Heritage Project. Red River State in 1999 began the first stage of the work of the terrace, has entered the first echelon of China's reserve list, ranked top three. Prior to this, the Red River terrace by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization as the world's important agricultural cultural heritage, but also by the State administration of cultural relics in 2012-2013, one of the official claims. However, an unintentional behavior, but to the Red River Terrace brought unexpected trouble. Around 2006, a regular outgoing Yuanyang County Blon village villagers bought some crayfish from neighboring Jianshui County to return to the village and put them in a small pond. These crayfish not only survived successfully, but also multiplied more and more. Because it is exotic species, no natural enemies, in just a few years, the crayfish rapidly spread to the Yuanyang County 6 townships 35 villages in 30,000 acres of terraced fields. About the origin of Yuanyang terrace crayfish, there is another way: crayfish by the Jianshui in the vicinity of the mining, the boss from the market to buy back for migrant workers to eat, the migrant workers conveniently grabbed several placed in the terraced fields, unexpectedly a few years to multiply to many terraced fields. "There is no need for a human tube, there is no need to feed anything, crayfish on their own more and more, bigger and larger." We also catch to eat, but because not to do, always feel not good. "The villagers He Wan said," especially in the first two years, little lobster is too much to describe. People to walk on the ridge, was alarmed crayfish run up the water completely muddy, nothing can see clearly. There are at least 1000 shrimp in a paddy field 3 meters wide and 8 meters long, and shrimp can be caught all the time. "The large number of crayfish destroyed the native ecology. In addition to competing with the original fish, loach and other space for survival, crayfish will also eat rice crops, affecting the latter part of the grain production. The biggest danger is that crayfish like to make holes. So many on the ridge appeared countless depths up to 1 meters, diameter of several centimeters of holes. These shrimp caves are not only difficult to fill, but also make the field of water leakage affect rice cultivation, and even cause the ridge soft, serious will cause collapse. "There is no way, we do not like to eat, hard to catch a basket to the street can only sell twenty or thirty yuan." The Villager Xu Meijong to say with distress. For people who live by farming on the ground, crayfish only brings harm, but no benefit. According to the introduction of local agricultural technicians, crayfish have the characteristics of no artificial hatching, adaptability and strong reproduction ability, fast population speed, easy diffusion, etc., which only need to escape the individual in the dike or ridge to build points can survive, and have the ability to grow in the temporary water body characteristics. However, Yuanyang County officials think that currently affected by crayfish is only 30,000 acres of terraced fields, in hundreds of thousands of acres of terraced fields accounted for a small fraction. Shumbrong village a few kilometers away, is the local government has been carefully protected and vigorously publicize the "Yuanyang terraced landscape core area." He Wan said that since the terrace scenery became famous, the outside people came more and more, indeed brought a lot of changes to their lives, such as opening a small hotel, driving a coach to make money. He Wan, who has a minivan in his home, is running a passenger car. But not everyone likes the change. "This is our hometown, terraced fields are the property created by our fathers, but now it is the foreign travel companies and the government that make the best of it." Many farmers have not only benefited a lot, but also affected agricultural production by various tourism activities. He Wan complained. Xu Meijong said that the villagers did not oppose the government to do terrace cultural tourism,And the terraced fields: "We are more concerned about how much we can gain from it and whether we can make life better." "If you can make more money from crayfish, locals will be willing to breed, do everything possible to expand their size and hope for government support," He Wan said. As for the small lobster on the terrace damage, is not a big problem, "Tian is our own, we will protect it, there are many kinds of methods, such as in the ridge next to the stakes, walls, etc., the key to see if it is necessary." Spraying the shrimp "the Government attaches great importance to the situation of crayfish, since last year, the release of pesticides to kill crayfish, in late March this year began to issue pesticides." "The villagers who are working in the fields," said Aunt Ho, "the method of spraying is very simple, the effect is very good, yesterday just sprayed medicine, today full of fields have seen dead shrimp." "In the terraced fields of the water Blon village, the time reporter saw a lot of death of crayfish, and the surrounding small fish, loach and other small animals do not seem to have any effect." Crayfish flooded the terraced fields, which attracted the attention of the local government. Yuanyang County Agriculture Bureau on its official website on the shrimp work: From the discovery of the harm of crayfish, to deal with crayfish experiments, and then to kill the results of crayfish. According to the Yuanyang County Bureau of Agriculture Survey, since 2006, a few years time, the county's new Street, Panzhihua, Horn Village, Charateau and other towns and villages have 21560 acres of different degrees of the harm of crayfish, one of the new street town of the Jing Kou, Shumbrong, DA, Long tree Dam and other areas of the most serious, and some of the terraced shrimp points per acre hundreds, The deepest caves are 1.5 meters, which directly result in the loss of irrigation water and the collapse of the ridge, which affects the protection and the work of the terrace. A red River state official revealed that since 2011, although the crayfish only in Yuanyang, but the Honghe County two-level party committee of the Government attaches great importance to this issue. To ensure that crayfish do not appear in a larger range, after several experiments, decided to use a certain dose of deltamethrin insecticide (also known as "enemy Kill") to kill. According to the Yuanyang County Agriculture Bureau, the scientific method of delivery can make the set scope of the small lobster's individual death number of more than 90%, while the field of Carps, loach, eel and aquatic insects will not appear coma or death, effectively protect the ecological balance of the terraced fields. April 2012, Red River State in Yuanyang County held a six counties in southern Honghe County Terrace crayfish Control Working conference. Then Honghe Aquatic Station webmaster Zhu Ziren to Yuanyang County four seriously injured township supervision and guidance terraced small lobster rule work, request the Government of the Township Party Committee attaches great importance to realize that this "human shrimp land Scramble" is related to the Red River State Terrace food security problems and the work, we must do everything possible to mobilize the masses to win the annihilation. From 2012 onwards, the Red River State, Yuanyang County two levels of government decided to pay 1.1 million yuan annually to buy pesticides to suppress crayfish. Yuanyang County Each township took the establishment of a site and mobile propaganda, the way to make full use of the time of the market day to prevent the small lobster Street publicity activities, and the use of the Hani, Yi, Yao, Dai and Han five languages to preachWith explanations. As of May 2012, Yuanyang County Agriculture Bureau announced "has eliminated crayfish 2000余万只", involving 114 villages, 10441 households. He Wan said that after 2012 years of killing, Crayfish died a lot, this year is significantly less than last year. But he thought it would be hard to wipe out the crayfish, "they are too many, some of them can hide anywhere, and then come out again." "Interestingly, the local authorities have a very different attitude toward killing shrimp." A reporter from Yunnan media said: "At first the government is vigorously publicize the harm of crayfish, and actively to eliminate the work, and then suddenly no longer interview, even the province also issued a special ban on the situation of small lobster orders." "The official" face "is the mystery: Crawfish into the terrace is an accident, the problem is that if the terrace is damaged, will affect the success or failure of the work. A local official said privately: "Yunnan Province and Honghe leaders of Yuanyang individual cadres of the ' not know the overall situation ' very angry, that should only be low-key treatment of the negative effects of crayfish, and should not be publicized. If the outside world mistakenly thought terraced fields were seriously damaged by crayfish, the consequences would be disastrous. "and Yuanyang terraced small lobster event was disclosed by the media, immediately caused great discussion on the network, a lot of enthusiastic netizens are advised:" Crayfish's biggest natural enemy is not a frog or a bullfrog, but a good food of mankind, if we can eat them in the past, so that the local people no longer worry. "In fact, although the crayfish have some effects on the Yuanyang terrace, the range is small and limited to local areas," he said. He Wan confirmed that the survival of crayfish still need a certain geographical conditions, not all places can survive, but concentrated in some areas, "those than our village elevation, cooler weather Some of the paddy field is not, than our village elevation low, hot some of the paddy field is also very few." "Terraced lobster" Yuanyang terraced small lobster event has aroused many domestic experts and scholars of concern and thinking, there are various opinions. "The small lobster event in the Yuanyang Terrace is very interesting, worthy of all aspects of the people to seriously study, as well as multi-angle thinking, especially how to harm for the treasure." Shi Pengfei, a professor at Yunnan University, said, "First of all this is an accident, it is a typical alien invasive species, and secondly, the local coping style is a little hasty, should not be applied to the simple killing method, but should consider the comprehensive effect." "Shi Pengfei admits that it is really important to protect the status of terraced fields and successful work, but it should take into account the economic development factors of the local people." Heritage Protection and tourism development is a way of thinking, but do little dragon shrimp farming is another way, "travel may not be able to make people benefit everyone, but every household to breed crayfish has such an effect." Do not need favoritism, but can go hand in hand. "The whole Red River area has a wide range of terraces, not just the Yuanyang County, so the local government should be flexible in defining the scope of protection, not every terraced field does not change the status quo." In some remote and remote areas, it can be considered as a place to breed crayfish, orNew to open up a number of specialized farms. "Shi Pengfei suggested that the local government can consider in the protection of terraced core areas under the premise of the introduction of better varieties to vigorously develop crawfish aquaculture, or even to create" terraced crayfish "such as regional brands. Shi Pengfei said, should use the development of the eye to see the problem, the Great Wall used to be used to fight, but now used to make travel money; Kunming Chenggong farmers have not grown grain vegetables, but the flowers are sold to all over the world. These changes have been recognized by the community, but also to the local people to bring economic benefits, no one will jump out against. Shanghai is still a taste of small lobster joined the chain of investment manager Shimou very much agree with Shi Pengfei's point of view: "I think the local government to kill the method is a bit inappropriate, because it is in fact contains huge business opportunities, can also become the local minority masses to enrich the historical opportunity." As a professional crayfish business catering enterprises, "still taste" has developed more than 10 vegetables, every day to sell 200 kg of small lobster, the country more than 100 stores a day is tens of thousands of kg, plus a variety of national size hotels, stalls barbecue, the number is very alarming. Shimou well aware of the commercial potential value, "so I see the terraced fields of crayfish were killed, it is very regrettable." "Shimou put forward, in the premise of protecting good terrace, Yuanyang Local can consider and" still taste "cooperation, in the breeding, sales formation of matching, there will be huge economic benefits. At present, "still taste" in Jiangsu, Hubei and many other places have large-scale aquaculture base, if the Yunnan region can join in, will be a very good industrial layout. Shimou said: "Whether the Yunnan side is willing to cooperate with us, I still suggest that they can consider the trial of crayfish, perhaps to create a real ' enriching project '. "In fact, crayfish in some countries have more than 200 years of food history, at present, eating crayfish has become a lot of city street dining scenery." In recent years our country will export crawfish every year, only 2011, Hubei Province on the export of 8686 tons, Jiangsu province exports 2457 tons. According to the daily introduction, Jiangsu Province is China's largest crawfish consumption area, the annual consumption of about 150,000 tons. Nanjing Catering Association Statistics, 2009 Nanjing Catering business turnover of 21 billion yuan, crayfish accounted for 23%, up to 4.8 billion yuan. In Qianjiang, Hubei province, crayfish have been mainly cultivated in paddy fields. Rice after harvesting, starting from September shrimp seedlings, April lobster after the listing began to grow rice, a season of crawfish rice, known as shrimp rice cropping pattern. In addition, Qianjiang also promoted the symbiotic model of shrimp and rice, which is surrounded by a circle of ditches, rice and lobster can be symbiotic. Zhi, a professor at Peking University and director of the Landscape Nature Conservation Center, objected to the cultivation of crayfish on Yuanyang terrace. "This is a bitter lesson in the introduction of Yuanyang terraces, which should be an opportunity to educate the villagers and to publicize the dangers of invasive alien species," he said. From the angle of ecological protection, it is not advisable to promote crayfish, from the protection of cultural and natural heritageAngle, I do not propose to change the terraced fields. "Zhi said," cultural heritage certainly has the tourist value, and has benefited the local people. The farmer's terrace is the tourist resources, the farmer should benefit, participates in or shares in the traveling management, namely, the traveling should establish the benefit sharing mechanism which the farmer benefits. ”