World Meteorological Day, meteorological experts online interview also sell Meng

Source: China Weather Network Chongqing station

China Weather Network Chongqing Station, "artificial increase rain artillery shells will not hit the plane drops, the pro-assured Kazakhstan." Yesterday (March 23) is the 55th World Meteorological Day, from the Zhongqing Meteorological Bureau four departments of experts through the network interview, online real-time answer netizens questions. The 2 hours of expert interviews, by at least 500,000 people more than the attention of netizens. Experts answer the questions of the punch line, clever use of online vocabulary selling Meng, won the Netizen favorite. This network interview expert team, by Chongqing Meteorological Observatory chief forecaster June, the climate center is the research level advanced Project Li Yonghua, the figure office (artificial Influence weather office, short "The Silhouette Office") senior engineer Liao, the Thunder Center Senior engineer Shanfang, the four big experts compose. In the network interview, the Netizen has raised 132 questions, the expert has carried on the careful solution to 36 of these questions. Netizen: Why is the weather forecast always inaccurate? Especially recently continued not allowed, reported the rain out of the sun, reported the sun, the result of the sun did not come out cold dead ... City Meteorological Observatory chief forecaster June: The weather forecast is not 100% accurate, one is the present stage human to the atmosphere physical mechanism understanding is also limited, second is we invented the measuring instrument has the error, and the measurement scope is limited, the measurement time and the space accuracy also is not high. Third, the ability to do weather forecasts is also uneven, there are high and low points. Weather forecasts are a science that can only be approximated by the weather that hasn't happened. NET friend: Is this spring swollen? Would you please answer Mr. Li? The City Climate Center is an advanced engineering Li Yonghua: Definition of officially we have a standard, that is, the temperature stabilized through 10 degrees Celsius, our city in mid-February to mid-March have entered the spring, and the main city has been in the middle of February officially, the overall more than the perennial slightly ahead. This is related to the atmospheric circulation situation and the Northern cold air activity. NET friend: Can the weather let rain stop by artificial influence?   Figure Office Senior engineer Liao: The natural precipitation process involves a huge amount of energy, the change of a 10km diameter thunderstorm cloud needs about 4.7 million barrels of oil released energy. Therefore, the artificial rain can only be for less strong cold cloud precipitation, through the careful organization of multi-layer operations to intercept the results can be achieved; for a large range of strong precipitation cloud system, artificial extinction from the impact of space and aging is extremely limited.   NET friend: If I am in the wild, what should I do when I encounter thunder? Lightning Center Senior Engineer Shanfang: 1 It is not appropriate to avoid thunderstorms under the tree, if the last resort, you must keep at least 5 meters away from the trunk, squat and legs closer. 2 in thunderstorm, it is not advisable to hold an umbrella in the wilderness, hold up the badminton racket, etc., it is not suitable for outdoor ball sports; 3 in thunderstorm weather, not to drive motorcycles, cycling, the best use of automobiles. NET friend: Do the artillery shells of artificial rain hit the plane? Will you hit the house? If not, what measures do you take to avoid it? City Figure Office Senior engineer Liao: The implementation of artificial precipitation, we have to apply for airspace, after the Air Control department approved beforeCan carry out the homework, so will not hit the plane drop, the pro assured ha. The debris will fall to the ground by exploding or parachute, and its dud rate is much lower than that of military goods. If you encounter munitions wreckage hit the housing situation, we do not panic, the discovery can be reported to the local meteorological department. User: Why is it cold and hot in spring? Do you enjoy the flowers this week? City Meteorological Observatory chief forecaster June: Spring is beautiful, the temperature is suitable, flowers. In the past 3 days, Chongqing is mainly cloudy to sunny weather, the temperature is about 20 degrees, the feeling is very comfortable, is a good time to enjoy the flowers. Why Chongqing seldom sunny in winter? City Climate Center is an advanced engineering Li Yonghua: Chongqing is located in Sichuan Pendi closed terrain, the wind speed is small, and the North cold pressure is not easy to affect Chongqing, and this kind of weather system is generally brought sunny; winter temperature is low, easy to make air near saturation, high relative humidity, low and fog more, so the winter Chongqing less Sunny, How cloudy. Netizens: Will the artificial precipitation increase the local rainfall and lead to less rain in the rest of the area? City Figure Office Senior engineer Liao: In a large range of precipitation process in the water vapor is constantly replenished, rising airflow constantly changing, the cloud system is constantly updated. The effect of artificial catalytic operation on water vapor is relatively small, because rainfall is only a small part of the water vapor flux, and the catalytic increase in rainfall is equivalent to a small portion of precipitation, so will not reduce the downstream rain. Statistics show that the effect of precipitation is only about the 6-25% of natural rainfall. Netizens: Want to know the recent weather because the solar plane fly Chongqing to the high weather requirements, reportedly because of the weather in Chongqing postponed to number 26th, so Chongqing recent how weather conditions wind ah rain ah what? City Meteorological Observatory chief forecaster June: The Sun is in the sky every day, just by the clouds, as long as the plane fly into the clouds, can see the sun, of course, can provide energy to the aircraft. But we do not know the energy storage mechanism of solar aircraft, is not half an hour to see the sun can not fly, if not, the weather is not a problem.   Users: this winter feel particularly warm, whether abnormal? Is this about El Niño? City Climate Center is an advanced engineering Li Yonghua: This winter, the average temperature of the city than the perennial high 0.8 ℃, but 1987, 2009, 2007, and other years of high temperature exceeded the recent winter, this winter does not belong to a significant (abnormal) high. Some studies have shown that El Nino is beneficial to the warm winter in our city, but the factors affecting climate are very complex, El Nino is only one of the factors, not the only reason. NET friend: Ask these four "weather, climate, figure, Thunder", the other all understand, can "figure" is what ghost? City Figure Office Senior engineer Liao: "Artificial influence weather" referred to as "silhouette" refers to the local atmosphere through a certain scientific and technological means of the micro-physical or dynamic process of artificial intervention to achieve the goal of avoiding the advantages. Its service areas include increasing rain and drought, preventing hail mitigation, improving air quality and so on, aiming at scientifically exploiting and utilizing aerial cloud water resources, mitigating the influence of meteorological disasters and actively responding toClimate change. Netizen: A natural person does not rely on any human science and technology means, can intervene the weather? City Meteorological Observatory chief forecaster June: The weather is too large, human can hardly intervene, even if there are some means at this stage, the impact on the weather system is negligible, do not rely on any scientific and technological means to intervene in the weather, may only be in the novel. The meteorological data collection and forecast of the airport is also the meteorological bureau responsible? When the airport notices "flight delays or cancellations due to climatic reasons", can the Meteorological Department verify and obtain the relevant information? City Meteorological bureau chief forecaster June: the airport has its own meteorological department, responsible for meteorological data collection and forecast, but the airport is concerned about the impact of Air flight safety of the weather, they do the weather forecast space is small, time is also short, and the meteorological Department's concern is different. When a major weather occurs, the airport and the meteorological department will discuss the weather. Friend: When is the most thunder? Lightning Center Senior Engineer Shanfang: For many years monthly statistics, flash in April-September accounted for 95.4% of the year, especially in 7-August up to 64.91% of the year. The monthly statistics of high value areas were concentrated at 2-5 and 15-18 points in June-August.   Netizens: What is the difference between the reported showers and intermittent rain in the weather forecast? City Meteorological Observatory chief forecaster June: In fact, is to describe the precipitation in time is not always under, there is intermittent. Showers are generally used in summer, it is possible that the intensity of precipitation is relatively large, and intermittent rain generally used in winter, the precipitation is very weak.   NET friend: This year March seems to be hotter than in previous years, will it be cold again? City Meteorological Observatory chief forecaster June: March this year, the average temperature of the urban (March 1 to 22nd) than the perennial high 0.9 degrees Celsius, but the spring temperature fluctuations, once a strong cold air affects our city, then the temperature will fall, but in recent days no obvious cold air affect our city.  : Will artificial precipitation increase local rainfall and lead to less rain in the rest of the area? City Figure Office Senior engineer Liao: In a large range of precipitation process in the water vapor is constantly replenished, rising airflow constantly changing, the cloud system is constantly updated. The effect of artificial catalytic operation on water vapor is relatively small, because rainfall is only a small part of the water vapor flux, and the catalytic increase in rainfall is equivalent to a small portion of precipitation, so will not reduce the downstream rain. Statistics show that the effect of precipitation is only about the 6-25% of natural rainfall.   Users: Fog is the latest fog or haze? City Climate Center is an advanced engineering Li Yonghua: Fog generally appears in the autumn and winter season, when the temperature is low. Fog is small water droplets, white, haze is a solid small particles, yellow. If the relative humidity to distinguish between the relative humidity of 80% of the visual barrier is haze, more than 90% of the visual barrier is fog, the middle is fog and haze mixed fog, we can distinguish from the above phenomenon. This season generally has more haze.   NET friend: May I ask forecaster June, you forecast Wednesday the highest in 27 ℃, this week did not flush 30 ℃ possible City gasElephant Taiwan Chief forecaster June: The weather change has its own law, spring and autumn, Four seasons, in this season, Chongqing region more than 30 degrees is a small probability event, from our analysis forecast today, Weeks 3 Chongqing basically will not have more than 30 degrees of region.  : What level does Chongqing weather forecast rank in the country? Is the weather in Chongqing more difficult to report than other places? City Meteorological Observatory chief forecaster June: Chongqing is located on the eastern side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the vast terrain changed the surrounding atmospheric circulation characteristics and thermal properties, and the Plateau meteorological Observatory is scarce, the plateau average elevation of more than 4000 meters, the plateau on the 0-4000 meters is actually no meteorological observation, and this area is the upper reaches of Chongqing weather, As a result, the weather forecast in Chongqing is harder than in most parts of China.   Netizens: When the Thunder in the interior brush Micro Bo will be the Thunder hack? Thunder Center Senior Engineer Shanfang: Lightning through direct strike, lightning waves invasion and other means of harm. In particular lightning-wave intrusion is lightning-hit overhead or buried shallow pipes, cables invade buildings, resulting in electrical equipment damage. If you live in a building without lightning protection devices or devices are not qualified, it is recommended not to play the computer when thunder and lightning, you should immediately turn off the computer, the power plug, network cable unplugged.   NET friend: How can we become a weather forecaster? The City Meteorological Observatory chief forecaster June: the college Entrance Examination newspaper Atmospheric Science profession, after graduation contacted the meteorological department, after the grass-roots exercise, the practice meteorological observation, again after 4 months about the induction service training, to the meteorological observatory after the valet internship, after 1-3 years can become a formal independent on duty weather officer.   NET friend: It seems that last year is also a warm winter, this year is a warm winter, the warm winter will continue this long? City Climate Center is an advanced engineering Li Yonghua: 2014/2015 years in winter, the average temperature of our city is 0.8 ℃, but 2013/2014 years in winter, the temperature in our city is 7.8 ℃, compared with the perennial low 0.1 ℃. The analysis shows that under the climate of high temperature in winter, the probability of a warm winter is greater, but not every winter will appear high temperature, temperature fluctuations of the interannual changes.   NET friend: This year warm relatively early, that cold will also be relatively early? City Climate Center is an advanced engineering Li Yonghua: The factors affecting the climate are very complex, according to statistical analysis, there is no evidence that the city has a "warm early will be cold" conclusion, that is, there is no previous year's winter warm early and after the winter will be cold early deterministic statistical law. We will track the evolution of the signal in real time and give the forecast results in due course.   Netizens: Excuse me, experts, Chongqing Haze situation in the end how, often their own look also can not tell what is fog, what is haze? The City climate Center is the Advanced engineering Li Yonghua: Fog refers to the atmosphere in the near ground suspended by small water droplets or ice crystals composed of water vapor condensate, and haze refers to a large number of smoke, dust and other particles formed by the suspension of turbidity, the core of the haze is suspended in the airDust particles. The main difference is that the fog humidity is large, haze occurs more dry, they have other such as color, occurrence time and range of different aspects.   User: Thunder grading? What are the classification of thunder and lightning? What's the difference? Lightning Center Senior Engineer Shanfang: "Lightning" is generally composed of ground flash, Cloud flash, Cloud flash, Cloud flash and cloud Flash is lightning in the clouds or clouds of lightning in outer space. Ground lightning is a cloud to the ground discharge, it produces a huge current, high temperature, shock wave and electromagnetic radiation and so on can produce huge damage in a moment, it can through direct strike, lightning wave intrusion, electromagnetic pulse, ground potential counterattack and other ways to produce damage.   Internet users: Climate scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced earlier that 2015 could be the hottest year for climate records as the El Niño event comes again. Weather forecast after the city's highest temperature of 27 ℃, is it affected by El Niño? Is Chongqing particularly hot this summer? City Climate Center is research-level advanced Engineering Li Yonghua: American climate scientists recently announced that 2015 could be the hottest year since the climate record. The temperature here refers to the global annual average temperature, different seasons, regions may vary. According to our preliminary analysis, Chongqing this summer may appear stage high temperature weather, but the summer temperature in our city is very unlikely to be abnormally high.   Netizens: How many times does thunder count? Lightning Center Senior Engineer Shanfang: In recent years, the City Meteorological Bureau has installed a ADTD Lightning location monitoring system, mainly from the five stations in Chongqing's main urban area and located in Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Hubei and other neighboring provinces, composed of 6 monitors, the main task is 24 hours all-weather monitoring and collection of lightning data, it can record the number of lightning, Occurrence time, steepness and so on.  : What level does Chongqing weather forecast rank in the country? Is the weather in Chongqing more difficult to report than other places? City Meteorological Observatory chief forecaster June: the meteorological Department has a system of evaluation of the quality of the forecast, usually we will be rated daily such as the highest and lowest temperature, precipitation, rain and rainstorm forecast items, Chongqing different forecast projects in the national rankings have low, the same forecast project one year different time forecast ability is also different, Combined, Chongqing weather forecast capacity in the country ranked medium.   NET friend: What qualifications do the figure staff need? Do you need a special work permit? City Figure Office Senior engineer Liao: "Artificial weather management regulations" Inside the relevant provisions, its operators need to undergo professional training after the implementation of the operation.   NET friend: Artificial rainfall a general is where to operate? More curious. City Figure Office Senior engineer Liao: Artificial precipitation must not be in the population intensive operation Kazakhstan. There are currently aircraft, rockets, artillery, silver iodide combustion furnace and other means. Ground equipment is mainly laid in the important grain through crop area, ecological protected Area, water resources security zone, integrated precipitation movement path, geographical climatic conditions,Job demand, such as scientific and rational layout. When you encounter manual work, we should keep away from the crowd.   NET friend: also ~ expert back to me, ask one more, the building must install the Lightning rod? Are we looking for you to install the Lightning rod? Process trouble? Lightning Center Senior engineer Shanfang: buildings should be according to the corresponding national standards, norms, installation of lightning protection facilities, such as gas stations should be in accordance with the gas refueling station lightning protection standards, communications building should be in accordance with the communication station Lightning code, not necessarily must install lightning rod. Zhongqing Lightning Protection Center is responsible for the prevention and mitigation work in administrative areas, do not install lightning rods.   NET friend: Can you make the rain stop by artificially affecting the weather? City Figure Office Senior engineer Liao: Pro, this question has been answered before yo ....   NET friend: Can rain improve air quality? If there is serious pollution in Chongqing, can it be improved by artificial rainfall? City Figure Office Senior engineer Liao: To achieve a certain level of precipitation on the effect of wet deposition of pollutants, to improve the concentration of pollutants in the air has a certain role. If there is serious pollution, and there is suitable conditions for increasing the rain, can carry out artificial rain-increasing operation. Since the winter of 2009, we have made use of aircraft and ground rockets to increase rainfall every year, as one of the effective measures to improve air quality, and achieved better results.   NET friend: I heard that the artificial rain is used for artillery shells, how is it done? What is the principle of rain-pushing? City Figure Office Senior engineer Liao: The claim of rain is not accurate, should be increased rain, we can only increase the rain, and can not create rain yo. The prerequisite for rainfall is to have a rich cloud of liquid water and a lack of condensation nuclei in the clouds. We increase the efficiency of cloud water conversion and increase precipitation by increasing the condensation nucleus. The shells were filled with silver iodide particles, which could be sent into the cloud through rockets/anti-aircraft guns/airplanes.   Netizens: Is there much thunder in Chongqing area?   Lightning Center Senior engineer Shanfang: Chongqing region in recent years the largest occurrence of the largest flash in the year is 2007 for 316,454 Times, the minimum year for the 2009 lightning activity is only 217,990 times, in the country belongs to the province of greater flash density. Chongqing has a complex terrain and a large amount of charged particles, and its lightning current is also larger. (Wu Qi/text)