World Metrology Day and China's measurement development

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World Metrology Day and China's measurement development

From October 11, 1999 to 15th, the 21st session of the International Metrology Conference was convened by the International Metrology Bureau of Paris, France, and the General Assembly determined that the annual May 20 was the World Day of measurement and recognized by the International Legal Metrology Organization. Why is May 20 the World Day of measurement? This is because May 20, 1875 was the world-renowned "metric Convention" signed by 17 plenipotentiaries from 20 countries. The "Convention" and its annexes resulted in the joint financing of the signatory States of a standing scientific body, the International Bureau of Metrology (BIPM), which was established in France. This is the cradle of the metric system. The International Metrology Bureau is governed by the International Metrology Congress (CGPM) and the Committee of Scientific Experts, the International Commission of Metrology (CIPM). The aim is to ensure "international unification and development of the metric system". 2002 World Metrology Day with "metrology and technology" as the theme, to commemorate the arrival of this day. The theme of "Metrology and technology" fully demonstrates the interaction between metrology and science and technology interdependence, mutual promotion and common progress. It is also one of the measures that the International Metrology organization aims to publicize and measure science and technology, and to publicize and popularize the knowledge of metrology science and technology. In China, in order to commemorate the "World Metrology Day", the national General Administration of Quality Supervision, inspection and quarantine held a symposium on metrology experts, at which experts screws the important role and great achievements in science and technology and economic construction, and made suggestions for the development of metrology science and technology after China's entry into WTO Show the future of measurement of science and technology development of the bright future.

Metrology is an important technical foundation of national economy and social development, and an inseparable and important part of modern science and technology. "There is no measurement, there is no science", while the measurement of science is the basis for accurate measurement, measuring the level of science and technology, in a certain sense marks a country's economic and scientific and technological development level. To realize the modernization of industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology, we must strengthen the development of metrology science and technology.

The measurement of science and technology plays an important role in establishing and maintaining the socialist market economy system. This is because "quantity" is the manifestation of all objective things and their movements, which reflects the intrinsic nature, interrelation and movement law of objective things. With the development of human society, the continuous improvement of market economy system, various activities increasingly socialized, especially in trade, science and technology exchanges and other activities, the same "quantity" should be a relatively consistent measurement results, which need to rely on the unity of measurement units and measurement of the accuracy and reliability, that is, to rely on measurement to ensure that, Otherwise, the social economic order will be chaotic, production, circulation will not be normal, scientific experiments, High-tech research and development will encounter difficulties, foreign economic and trade and scientific and technological cultural exchanges can not be carried out. As Marshal Nie, "The development of science and technology to this day, can be said that there is no way to measure." "Technology to develop, measurement needs first", in the modernization of construction, measurement is an indispensable technical basis.

In the development of natural science, metrology is the indispensable means for people to know the natural phenomenon correctly, to master the Natural Law and to verify the scientific foresight. For example, Dr. Wu Jianchong, a Chinese-American, has validated the Lee theory of the weak interaction of the world's physicist Nobel laureate, Dr. Chen Yang and two ph. In the research of life phenomenon, gravitational wave, Earth science, material science and information science, precise measurement is needed. In the industrial production, not only the general parts of the processing, installation needs measurement testing means, in the information superhighway, high-rise buildings, high-speed elevator construction, in the production of optical fiber, laser device manufacturing and geodesy and large-scale integrated circuit production, the geometric, refractive index distribution, The measurement uncertainty of bandwidth and other parameters is also increasing. In medical and health, the measurement is not allowed to often cause personal accidents. Radiation treatment of tumors, X-rays and gamma-ray dose size is closely related to the therapeutic effect, if the radiation dose exceeds the standard, the patient's good tissue will be burned or damaged, if the radiation dose is insufficient, then can not reach the treatment effect. Spectrophotometer is not allowed, will cause liver function analysis results unreliable and so on. The computer industry, black and non-ferrous metallurgy industry, new energy, environmental science and technology development and production, national defense construction need to measure science and technology. Measurement not only involves various economic fields, but also is closely related to people's life and safety. In the aerospace, aviation, navigation, navigation, mining, earthquakes, electricity, petrochemical, textile, transport, meteorology, communications and so on, the measurement has played an important guarantee role.

In the modernized production process, the product quality and the enterprise benefit enhancement is the enterprise's fundamental. Without accurate measurement instruments and measurement methods, it is difficult to guarantee the quality and efficiency of the product. This is because from raw materials, components into the factory inspection and analysis, to the entire production and processing quality control, until the finished product inspection, as well as material and energy consumption needs to be measured to provide accurate data. Quality management and efficiency improvement must be based on the measurement of science and technology. For example: Enterprises through the measurement of brand-name and other forms of work from the overall improvement of the enterprise basic work and production level, so that the enterprise measurement has been strengthened, metrology management and measurement testing have been on a step, the establishment of a strong quality of the measurement team, thus improving product quality, energy saving and reducing consumption, improve economic efficiency played a positive role.

The level of metrology science and technology has developed rapidly. In our country, we have established 85 144 kinds of measurement datum as the highest basis of the unified measure in more than 70 disciplines of 10 metrology subjects. There are 750 kinds of standard substances, two standard substances and 505 kinds. Through the measurement of international comparison, there are a large number of measurement performance in China has reached the international advanced level, thus ensuring the accuracy of China's measurement and international alignment.

So far, China's compulsory verification of measuring instruments up to more than 22 million units (pieces), measuring equipment manufacturing has made a certain development, measuring instruments new product type approval cumulative more than 1000, has made the measurement of manufacturing, repair permits more than 2000 unit, Approved laboratories and testing laboratories (including product quality inspection agencies) metrology certification more than 6,600.

In recent years, our country has carried out extensive international cooperation in metrology management with more than 40 countries, which makes the exchanges and cooperation between countries and even countries and cities active. So far with the United States, Britain, France, Japan, Germany, Italy and many other Western industrialized countries and Singapore, Korea, India, Israel and other neighboring countries to sign the bilateral measurement of scientific and technological cooperation Agreement. At the same time, China, as a member of the International Metrology Organization, participates in the International Measurement Conference to study major international decisions. Through international exchanges and cooperation, to win reputation and promote the measurement of the cause of progress.

With the construction and development of social modernization, especially after the accession to the WTO, the measurement of science and technology has a long way to go. As the deputy director of Wang Qinping in the commemoration of the "World Metrology Day" Expert symposium pointed out that the science of metrology is the forefront of the entire science and technology system, a country's measurement level determines its scientific and technological level. With the progress of society, the rapid development of science and technology and economy, in the face of the new challenges after China's entry into WTO, the existing measurement base in our country is far from satisfying the need in terms of principle and precision, so it is urgent to establish a new measurement system. We should strengthen the research of basic theory and strengthen the construction of the new generation measurement system and its standard based on the existing international level of measurement and achievements. Especially for some new technology research urgently needed metrology research work, increase investment to ensure that the measurement work on the basic role of science and technology research. At the same time, we should cultivate a new generation of metrology technicians and reserve forces, and strive to raise the level of metrology technology in our country.