原生的javascript 實現非同步方式其實遠遠不至7種,
大可以分3類,
延遲類型:setTimeout(setInterval也是可以的)、requestAnimationFrame、setImmediate(IE10及以上)
監聽事件實現的類型:監聽new Image載入狀態、監聽script載入狀態、監聽iframe載入狀態、Message
帶有非同步功能類型 Promise、ajax( XMLHttpRequest、ActiveXObject)、Worker;
考慮到
1.iframe 效率過慢;
2.ajax 在ie下一定要載入真實的檔案才能觸發open及send;
3.Worker 雖然具有非同步特性,但它屬於多線程的範疇,需要將主要的演算法寫在單獨的js檔案中才能完整體現其優點,若單單為了非同步化而使用的話太浪費了。
所有這3種方式就不列出。
一、實現非同步方式
1.setTimeout
2.setImmediate
3.requestAnimationFrame
4.監聽new Image載入狀態
5.監聽script載入狀態
6.Message
7.Promise
setTimeout
這個是最簡單的
setTimeout( function() { console.log(1);});console.log(2);
setImmediate
IE10添加的新功能,專門用於解放ui線程。IE10以下及其他瀏覽器不支援
setImmediate(function(){ console.log(1);});console.log(2);
requestAnimationFrame
HTML5/CSS3時代新產物,專門用於動畫。低級瀏覽器不支援
var asynByAniFrame = (function(){ var _window = window, frame = _window.requestAnimationFrame || _window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || _window.mozRequestAnimationFrame || _window.oRequestAnimationFrame || _window.msRequestAnimationFrame; return function( callback ) { frame( callback ) };})();asynByAniFrame(function(){ console.log(1);})console.log(2);
監聽new Image載入狀態實現
通過載入一個data:image資料格式的圖片,並監聽器載入狀態實現非同步。
儘管部分瀏覽器不支援data:image圖片資料格式,但仍然可以觸發其onerror狀態實現非同步,但IE8及以下對data:image資料格式的圖片,onerror為同步執行
function asynByImg( callback ) { var img = new Image(); img.onload = img.onerror = img.onreadystatechange = function() { img = img.onload = img.onerror = img.onreadystatechange = null; callback(); } img.src = "data:image/png,";}asynByImg(function(){ console.log(1);});console.log(2);
監聽script載入狀態實現
原理同new Image是一樣的,產生一個data:text/javascript的script,並監聽其載入狀態實現非同步。
儘管部分瀏覽器不支援data:text/javascript格式資料的script,但仍然可以觸發其onerror、onreadystatechange事件實現非同步。
var asynByScript = (function() { var _document = document, _body = _document.body, _src = "data:text/javascript,", //非同步隊列 queue = []; return function( callback ) { var script = _document.createElement("script"); script.src = _src; //添加到隊列 queue[ queue.length ] = callback; script.onload = script.onerror = script.onreadystatechange = function () { script.onload = script.onerror = script.onreadystatechange = null; _body.removeChild( script ); script = null; //執行並刪除隊列中的第一個 queue.shift()(); }; _body.appendChild( script ); } })();asynByScript( function() { console.log(1);} );console.log(2);
Message
html5新技能,通過監聽window.onmessage事件實現,然後postMessage發送訊息,觸發onmessage事件實現非同步
var asynByMessage = (function() { //非同步隊列 var queue = []; window.addEventListener('message', function (e) { //只響應asynByMessage的召喚 if ( e.data === 'asynByMessage' ) { e.stopPropagation(); if ( queue.length ) { //執行並刪除隊列中的第一個 queue.shift()(); } } }, true); return function( callback ) { //添加到隊列 queue[ queue.length ] = callback; window.postMessage('asynByMessage', '*'); }; })();asynByMessage(function() { console.log(1);});console.log(2);
Promise
ES6的新技能,具有非同步性質
var asynByPromise = (function() { var promise = Promise.resolve({ then : function( callback ) { callback(); } }); return function( callback ) { promise.then(function(){ callback(); }) }; })();asynByPromise(function() { console.log(1);});console.log(2);
二、各種非同步方式的運行效率
測試代碼
/** * 檢驗一個方法是否瀏覽器原生 * @param { Function } func 需檢測的方法 * @return { Boolean } 是否瀏覽器原生 */function isNativeFunc( func ) { return typeof func === 'function' && /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/.test( func );}var _window = window, frame = _window.requestAnimationFrame || _window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || _window.mozRequestAnimationFrame || _window.oRequestAnimationFrame || _window.msRequestAnimationFrame; _window = null;var asynByPromise = isNativeFunc( window.Promise ) && (function() { var promise = Promise.resolve({ then : function( callback ) { callback(); } }); return function( callback ) { promise.then(function(){ callback(); }) }; })();var asynByAniFrame = isNativeFunc( frame ) && function( callback ) { frame( callback );};var asynByWorker = (function() { //產生一個新線程 var worker = new Worker('asynWorker.js'), queue = []; //監聽線程 worker.addEventListener('message', function (e) { //處理結果 queue.shift()(); }, true); return function( callback ) { queue[ queue.length ] = callback; worker.postMessage(''); };})();var asynByMessage = isNativeFunc( window.postMessage ) && (function() { //非同步隊列 var queue = []; window.addEventListener('message', function (e) { //只響應asynByMessage的召喚 if ( e.data === 'asynByMessage' ) { e.stopPropagation(); if ( queue.length ) { //執行並刪除隊列中的第一個 queue.shift()(); } } }, true); return function( callback ) { //添加到隊列 queue[ queue.length ] = callback; window.postMessage('asynByMessage', '*'); }; })();function asynByImg( callback ) { var img = new Image(); img.onload = img.onerror = img.onreadystatechange = function() { img = img.onload = img.onerror = img.onreadystatechange = null; callback(); } img.src = "data:image/png,";}//是否支援圖片非同步方式var supAsynImg = true;asynByImg(function(){ //IE8及以下對data:image資料格式的圖片,onerror為同步執行 supAsynImg = false;})var asynByScript = (function() { var _document = document, _body = _document.body, _src = "data:text/javascript,", //非同步隊列 queue = []; return function( callback ) { var script = _document.createElement("script"); script.src = _src; //添加到隊列 queue[ queue.length ] = callback; script.onload = script.onerror = script.onreadystatechange = function () { script.onload = script.onerror = script.onreadystatechange = null; _body.removeChild( script ); script = null; //執行並刪除隊列中的第一個 queue.shift()(); }; _body.appendChild( script ); } })();function asynBySetImmediate( callback ) { setImmediate( callback );}setTimeout(function() { console.log('setTimeout');});if ( supAsynImg ) { asynByImg(function() { console.log('asynByImg'); }); }asynByScript(function() { console.log('asynByScript');});if ( isNativeFunc( window.setImmediate) ) { asynBySetImmediate(function() { console.log('asynBySetImmediate'); });}if (isNativeFunc( window.Promise )) { asynByPromise(function() { console.log('asynByPromise'); });}if ( isNativeFunc( frame ) ) { asynByAniFrame(function() { console.log('asynByAniFrame'); });}if ( isNativeFunc( window.postMessage ) ) { asynByMessage(function() { console.log('asynByMessage'); });}asynByWorker(function() { console.log('asynByWorker'); });
按照這樣的結果,其實留下4個就夠了
進階瀏覽器
支援promise的時候 asynByPromise 最快
支援requestAnimationFrame的時候 比 promise 慢,比其他快
其他瀏覽器
支援data:image資料格式圖片非同步,asynByImg 比 asynScript快
每個瀏覽器都支援 data:text/javascript 資料格式的非同步方式
所以
asynByPromise > asynByAniFrame > asynByImg > asynByScript
奇怪的是,IE中 setImmediate 從來沒跑贏過 setTimeout。
三、最終代碼
/** * 檢驗一個方法是否瀏覽器原生 * @param { Function } func 需檢測的方法 * @return { Boolean } 是否瀏覽器原生 */function isNativeFunc( func ) { return typeof func === 'function' && /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/.test( func );}var _window = window, frame = _window.requestAnimationFrame || _window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || _window.mozRequestAnimationFrame || _window.oRequestAnimationFrame || _window.msRequestAnimationFrame, //是否支援圖片非同步方式 supAsynImg = true; _window = null;function asynByImg( callback ) { var img = new Image(); img.onload = img.onerror = img.onreadystatechange = function() { img = img.onload = img.onerror = img.onreadystatechange = null; callback(); } img.src = "data:image/png,";}asynByImg(function(){ //IE8及以下對data:image資料格式的圖片,onerror為同步執行 supAsynImg = false;});var asynFire = //瀏覽器中有Promise方法且為原生 isNativeFunc( window.Promise ) && (function() { var promise = Promise.resolve({ then : function( callback ) { callback(); } }); return function( callback ) { promise.then(function(){ callback(); }) }; })() || //瀏覽器中有requestAnimationFrame方法且為原生 isNativeFunc( frame ) && function( callback ) { frame( callback ); } || //支援圖片非同步 supAsynImg && asynByImg || //script非同步 (function() { var _document = document, _body = _document.body, _src = "data:text/javascript,", //非同步隊列 queue = []; return function( callback ) { var script = _document.createElement("script"); script.src = _src; //添加到隊列 queue[ queue.length ] = callback; script.onload = script.onerror = script.onreadystatechange = function () { script.onload = script.onerror = script.onreadystatechange = null; _body.removeChild( script ); script = null; //執行並刪除隊列中的第一個 queue.shift()(); }; _body.appendChild( script ); } })();if ( asynFire !== asynByImg ) { asynByImg = null;}