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Douglas Crockford classified the "class methods" in JavaScript into three types:
private,
privileged and
public.
Public methods have an obvious meaning: they can be accessed by the public.
Private methods‘ meaning are also clear: they cannot be accessed by the public.
So what are
privileged methods? To understand that, we should have a short review of how we implement public and private methods in JavaScript first.
Recall that, unlike languages like C++, JavaScript does not have "class". Moreover, it does not have
access specifiers like
public,
protected and
private. Lack of these features make the creation of private and public methods less clear than it should be.
To write a
public method in JavaScript, we make use of the
.prototype property of the constructor function. For example:
function FootballPlayer(){}; // declare a functionFootballPlayer.prototype.kick = function(){ alert("kick!"); }; // create a public method kick in .prototypevar Messi = new FootballPlayer();Messi.kick();
From my previous article, you have learnt that
FootballPlayer.prototype is an object that is built automatically when the function is created. Object constructed with the FootballPlayer, Messi, search through his
__proto__ chain when we tell him to kick. Obviously
FootballPlayer.prototype is on the chain so Messi knows how to kick. All objects created by the
constructor function share the same
FootballPlayer.prototype so they all can invoke the
public method kick!
Private methods are kinda tricky. We declare private variable in a
constructor using the keyword
var:
function man() {var wealth;var bath = function(){};function kiss(){}}
In this case, none of wealth, bath or kiss are accessible outsite the function man. Even man‘s
public methods
cannot access them.
However, the
privileged methods can access the
private members due to the existence of
closures. They are very useful as they can act as a bridge between the outsite world and the inner status of the object.
Consider the following example:
var func = function(a,b) { this.a = a; this.getB = function(){return b}; // a privileged method this.setB = function(n){b=n;}; // another privileged method var b = b;};func.prototype.getB2 = function(){return b*2}; // public methodvar obj = new func(1,2);alert(obj.getB()); // privileged method can access private balert(obj.getB2()); // error: public method cannot access private bobj.setB(11);alert(obj.getB());
So actually we can create
privileged methods easily by using the keyword
this!
Read More:
Prototype and Constructor in JavaScript by RedcapCoder
Private Members in JavaScript by Douglas Crockford
A Simple Example About Privileged Methods in JavaScript
