Objective-C之NSArray的排序問題總結

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本文轉自long458的專欄,連結為http://blog.csdn.net/long458/article/details/41981273

大體上,OC中常用的數組排序有以下幾種方法:sortedArrayUsingSelector:;sortedArrayUsingComparator:;sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:

1、簡單排序(sortedArrayUsingSelector:)

如果只是對字串的排序,可以利用sortedArrayUsingSelector:方法就可以了,代碼如下

123456 //簡單排序void sortArray1(){    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"abc",@"456",@"123",@"789",@"ef", nil];    NSArray *sortedArray = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];    NSLog(@"排序後:%@",sortedArray);}

當然,除了利用字串內建的compare:方法,也可以自己寫compare:方法,進行對象的比較;如下:

首先是建立了Person類,實現方法如下(標頭檔就省了):

1234567891011121314151617181920212223 #import "Person.h"@implementation Person //直接實現靜態方法,擷取帶有name和age的Person對象+(Person *)personWithAge:(int) age withName:(NSString *)name{    Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];    person.age = age;    person.name = name;    return person;} //自訂排序方法-(NSComparisonResult)comparePerson:(Person *)person{  //預設按年齡排序    NSComparisonResult result = [[NSNumber numberWithInt:person.age] compare:[NSNumber numberWithInt:self.age]];//注意:基礎資料型別 (Elementary Data Type)要進行資料轉換  //如果年齡一樣,就按照名字排序    if (result == NSOrderedSame) {        result = [self.name compare:person.name];    }    return result;} @end

主函數代碼如下:

12345678910 void sortArray2(){    Person *p1 = [Person personWithAge:23 withName:@"zhangsan"];    Person *p2 = [Person personWithAge:21 withName:@"lisi"];    Person *p3 = [Person personWithAge:24 withName:@"wangwu"];    Person *p4 = [Person personWithAge:24 withName:@"liwu"];    Person *p5 = [Person personWithAge:20 withName:@"liwu"];    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:p1,p2,p3,p4,p5, nil];    NSArray *sortedArray = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(comparePerson:)];    NSLog(@"排序後:%@",sortedArray);}
2、利用block文法(sortedArrayUsingComparator:)

蘋果官方提供了block文法,比較方便。其中數組排序可以用sortedArrayUsingComparator:方法,代碼如下:

12345678910 void sortArray3(){    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1bc",@"4b6",@"123",@"789",@"3ef", nil];    NSArray *sortedArray = [array sortedArrayUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1, id obj2) {    //這裡的代碼可以參照上面compare:預設的排序方法,也可以把自訂的方法寫在這裡,給對象排序        NSComparisonResult result = [obj1 compare:obj2];        return result;    }];    NSLog(@"排序後:%@",sortedArray);}

 

3、進階排序(sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:)

如果是這樣一種情況呢?Person類裡有另外一個類的變數,比如說Person類除了name,age變數,還有一輛車Car類型,Car類裡有個name屬性。對Person對象進行排序,有這樣的要求:按照Car的name排序,如果是同一輛車,也就是Car的name相同,那麼再按照年齡進行排序,如果年齡也相同,最後按照Person的name進行排序。

上面這樣就要使用第三種方法,利用排序描述器,不多說,有興趣可以看看API介紹。代碼如下:

首先寫個Car類,實作類別Car.m代碼如下:

12345678910 #import "Car.h"@implementation Car +(Car *)initWithName:(NSString *)name{    Car *car = [Car alloc] init];    car.name = name;    returncar;} @end

然後改寫Person類,實作類別Person.m代碼如下:

123456789101112131415161718 #import "Person.h"#import "Car.h"@implementation Person +(Person *)personWithAge:(int)age withName:(NSString *)name withCar:(Car *)car{    Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];    person.age = age;    person.name = name;    person.car = car;    returnperson;} //這裡重寫description方法,用於最後測試排序結果顯示-(NSString *)description{    return[NSString stringWithFormat:@"age is %zi , name is %@, car is %@",_age,_name,_car.name];} @end

主函數代碼如下:

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829 voidsortArray4(){        //首先來3輛車,分別是奧迪、勞斯萊斯、寶馬        Car *car1 = [Car initWithName:@"Audio"];        Car *car2 = [Car initWithName:@"Rolls-Royce"];        Car *car3 = [Car initWithName:@"BMW"];                 //再來5個Person,每人送輛車,分別為car2、car1、car1、car3、car2        Person *p1 = [Person personWithAge:23 withName:@"zhangsan"withCar:car2];        Person *p2 = [Person personWithAge:21 withName:@"zhangsan"withCar:car1];        Person *p3 = [Person personWithAge:24 withName:@"lisi"withCar:car1];        Person *p4 = [Person personWithAge:23 withName:@"wangwu"withCar:car3];        Person *p5 = [Person personWithAge:23 withName:@"wangwu"withCar:car2];              //加入數組        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:p1,p2,p3,p4,p5, nil];                 //構建排序描述器        NSSortDescriptor *carNameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"car.name"ascending:YES];        NSSortDescriptor *personNameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"name"ascending:YES];        NSSortDescriptor *personAgeDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"age"ascending:YES];                 //把排序描述器放進數組裡,放入的順序就是你想要排序的順序        //我這裡是:首先按照年齡排序,然後是車的名字,最後是按照人的名字        NSArray *descriptorArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:personAgeDesc,carNameDesc,personNameDesc, nil];                 NSArray *sortedArray = [array sortedArrayUsingDescriptors: descriptorArray];        NSLog(@"%@",sortedArray);}

結果如下:

從結果看出,先按照age排序,如果age相同,按照car排序,如果car相同,按照name排序。

(注意:上面兩種排序方法要想實現字串顯示,請重寫description方法)

Objective-C之NSArray的排序問題總結

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