ajax:改善使用者體驗之進度條

來源:互聯網
上載者:User

在最近的一個項目中,有一個上傳功能:上傳一個cvs檔案,然後解析此檔案並寫入資料庫
由於經常需要傳很大的檔案,客戶完成此功能往往需要40分鐘,在這個過程中,頁面也沒有任何提示,使用者體驗非常不好?
為何不用ajax作一個進度條呢?
分兩步完成此需求:
一:寫一個簡單的ajax,實現最簡單的進度條功能。
二:把此進度條改造為項目可用的進度條。

一:最簡單的進度條
1。用戶端每2秒發送一個createXMLHttpRequest請求給服務端.並得到服務端返回的進度資料.根據服務端返回的資料,用javascript更新一個table的width,
這樣就類比了一個進度條.
progressBar.html.內容如下:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>
  <head>
    <title>Ajax Progress Bar</title>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var xmlHttp;
        var key;
        function createXMLHttpRequest() {
            if (window.ActiveXObject) {
                xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
            }
            else if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
                xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();               
            }
        }

        function go() {
            createXMLHttpRequest();
            clearBar();
            var url = "ProgressBarServlet?task=create";
            var button = document.getElementById("go");
            button.disabled = true;
            xmlHttp.open("GET", url, true);
            xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = goCallback;
            xmlHttp.send(null);
        }

        function goCallback() {
            if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {
                if (xmlHttp.status == 200) {
                    setTimeout("pollServer()", 2000);
                }
            }
        }
       
        function pollServer() {
            createXMLHttpRequest();
            var url = "ProgressBarServlet?task=poll&key=" + key;
            xmlHttp.open("GET", url, true);
            xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = pollCallback;
            xmlHttp.send(null);
        }
       
        function pollCallback() {
            if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {
                if (xmlHttp.status == 200) {
                    var percent_complete = xmlHttp.responseXML.getElementsByTagName("percent")[0].firstChild.data;
                    var progress = document.getElementById("progress");
                    var progressPersent = document.getElementById("progressPersent");
     progress.width = percent_complete + "%";
     progressPersent.innerHTML = percent_complete + "%";
                    if (percent_complete < 100) {
                        setTimeout("pollServer()", 2000);
                    } else {
                        document.getElementById("complete").innerHTML = "Complete!";
                        //document.getElementById("go").disabled = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }       
 function clearBar() {
   var progress_bar = document.getElementById("progressBar");
   var progressPersent = document.getElementById("progressPersent");
   var complete = document.getElementById("complete");
   progress_bar.style.visibility = "visible"
   progressPersent.innerHTML = "&nbsp;";
   complete.innerHTML = "Begin to upload this file...";
 }
    </script>
  </head>
<body>
<div id="progressBar" style="padding:0px;border:solid black 0px;visibility:hidden">
<table width="300" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  align="center">
  <tr>
    <td align="center" id="progressPersent">86%</td>
  </tr>
  <tr >
    <td>
 <table width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" bordercolor="#000000">
  <tr>
    <td>
 <table width="1%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#FF0000" id="progress">
              <tr>
                <td>&nbsp;</td>
              </tr>
            </table></td>
  </tr>
</table>
</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center" id="complete">completed</td>
  </tr>
</table>
</div>
<input id = "go" name="run" type="button" value="run" onClick="go();">

</body>
</html>

2:一個類比servlet:ProgressBarServlet1。java,內容如下:
package com.cyberobject.lcl.ajax;

import java.io.*;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

/**
 *
 * @author nate
 * @version
 */
public class ProgressBarServlet extends HttpServlet {
 private int counter = 1;
   
 /** Handles the HTTP <code>GET</code> method.
  * @param request servlet request
  * @param response servlet response
  */
 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 throws ServletException, IOException {
  String task = request.getParameter("task");
  String res = "";
       
  if (task.equals("create")) {
   res = "<key>1</key>";
   counter = 1;
  }
  else {
   String percent = "";
   switch (counter) {
    case 1: percent = "10"; break;
    case 2: percent = "23"; break;
    case 3: percent = "35"; break;
    case 4: percent = "51"; break;
    case 5: percent = "64"; break;
    case 6: percent = "73"; break;
    case 7: percent = "89"; break;
    case 8: percent = "100"; break;
   }
   counter++;
               
   res = "<percent>" + percent + "</percent>";
  }
       
  PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
  response.setContentType("text/xml");
  response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
  out.println("<response>");
  out.println(res);
  out.println("</response>");
  out.close();
 }
   
 /** Handles the HTTP <code>POST</code> method.
  * @param request servlet request
  * @param response servlet response
  */
 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 throws ServletException, IOException {
  doGet(request, response);
 }
   
 /** Returns a short description of the servlet.
  */
 public String getServletInfo() {
  return "Short description";
 }
}
3:在web。xml中配置好servlet映射:
  <!-- Action Servlet Mapping -->
  <servlet>
   <servlet-name>ProgressBarServlet</servlet-name>
   <display-name>ProgressBarServlet</display-name>
   <servlet-class>com.cyberobject.lcl.ajax.ProgressBarServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>ProgressBarServlet</servlet-name>
   <url-pattern>/ProgressBarServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  此時進度條已經可以運行了。接下來的工作就是把它移植到我們的系統。
  二:
  1:在寫資料庫的class DbOperater中,增加一個progress屬性
  private int progress;

  2:在寫資料庫的class中,增加一個getProgress()方法:
  public int getProgress()
  {
 return progress;
  }
  3: 在寫庫的for迴圈中, progress++;
  4:在調用DbOperater的servlet中調用DbOperater的getProgress()方法,這樣就為進度條提供了即時資料.
  5:另外:servlet的doGet()用來獲得進度資料,doPost()用來上傳檔案和寫庫操作.彼此分工明確.
  特此存檔.

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