Android自訂view(初級篇)

來源:互聯網
上載者:User

標籤:android自訂view

Q1:為什麼要自訂view?A:由於很多系統內建的view滿足不了當前設計需求或者為了達到更良好的使用者體驗,增加UI的美化效果,就需要自定viewQ2:自訂view有那幾個步驟?A:>使用者可根據需要extends View這個父類,然後重寫父類的方法;如:onDraw();onMeasure()等;  >如果使用者在自訂View事需要添加屬性,則必須在values檔案夾下建立"attrs.xml"檔案,在其中添加自訂屬性。 下面來進行自訂view的學習。一、最基本的自訂view;例如:建立一個類CustomEditText 繼承EditText其特點:擁有EditText的全部方法,就和EditText一模一樣,只是名字不同了而已。使用方法有兩種:>在代碼中調用,CustomEditText cet=new CustomEditText(context);>在xml中調用,需要寫全包名及類名,否則會報The following classes could not be found;關鍵代碼如下:自訂view:public class CustomEditText extends EditText {public CustomEditText(Context context) {super(context);// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {super(context, attrs);// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {super(context, attrs, defStyle);// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}}xml中使用:<! -- com.anqiansong.views為CustomEditText所在位置的包名--><com.anqiansong.views.CustomEditText        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="自訂EditText" />

二、在上面的CustomEditText中重寫onDraw()方法實現刪除線text效果;@Overrideprotected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onDraw(canvas);Paint paint=new Paint();//建立畫筆對象paint.setColor(Color.BLACK);//設定畫筆顏色paint.setAntiAlias(true);//設定是否消除鋸齒paint.setStrokeWidth(2);//設定畫筆的粗細//設定線條的x軸方向的起始點,y軸方向的起始點canvas.drawLine(this.getLeft(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, this.getRight(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, paint);}

三、比如我們現在在xml中使用時添加一個lineColor屬性(刪除線的顏色),該怎麼實現呢?>首先需要在values下建立attrs.xml檔案;>然後根據需要添加相應的屬性及屬性所屬類型>使用關鍵代碼:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources>    <!--declare-styleable:聲明樣式類型;attr name=""聲明屬性名稱;format="屬性的類型"  -->    <declare-styleable name="CustomEditText">        <attr name="lineColor" format="color" />    </declare-styleable></resources>備忘:format的屬性值見*附錄一在xml中調用:以下代碼必須聲明,否則找不到之前定義的屬性名稱,則不能用,可以聲明在根布局中,也可以在調用時聲明xmlns:CustomEditText="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.anqiansong.androidcustomview"(如果沒有聲明,在引用屬性時系統也會提示然後根據提示自動產生將是已xmlns:app=.....這種模式)說明:xmlns:***="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/packagename"***主要是在調用時需要,如android:textColor="#ffffff";這裡的“android”方式1中的CustomEditText:lineColor="#ff0000"的CustomEditText,方式2中的mylinecolor而packagename則為當前工程包名如果這兩個不是這種格式,則也引用不了自訂的屬性此外,既然在xml中設定的lineColor的值,在自訂view中的構造方法中就要去擷取這個屬性的顏色值;如代碼:public class CustomEditText extends EditText {private int lineColor;//刪除線顏色全域變數public CustomEditText(Context context) {super(context);// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {super(context, attrs);Paint paint=new Paint();TypedArray array = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomEditText);lineColor=array.getColor(R.styleable.CustomEditText_lineColor, Color.BLACK);//擷取xml中設定的刪除線的顏色值,這裡的CustomEditText_lineColor是由attrs中的styleable中的名字和屬性名稱加"_"組合而成array.recycle();}public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {super(context, attrs, defStyle);// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}@Overrideprotected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onDraw(canvas);Paint paint=new Paint();//建立畫筆對象paint.setColor(lineColor);//設定畫筆顏色paint.setAntiAlias(true);//設定是否消除鋸齒paint.setStrokeWidth(2);//設定畫筆的粗細//設定線條的x軸方向的起始點,y軸方向的起始點canvas.drawLine(this.getLeft(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, this.getRight(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, paint);}}方式1:<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:CustomEditText="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.anqiansong.androidcustomview"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent" >    <com.anqiansong.views.CustomEditText        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="自訂EditText"         CustomEditText:lineColor="#ff0000"        /></RelativeLayout>方式2:<com.anqiansong.views.CustomEditText        xmlns:mylinecolor="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.anqiansong.androidcustomview"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="自訂EditText"         mylinecolor:lineColor="#ff0000"        />同樣的原理,我們可以對刪除線的粗細添加一個屬性lineHeight,代碼如下:添加屬性:<attr name="lineHeight" format="dimension"/>引用屬性:mylinecolor:lineHeight="5dp"自訂view中擷取lineHeight並設定粗細:lineHeight=array.getDimension(R.styleable.CustomEditText_lineHeight, 2);在ondraw()方法中paint.setStrokeWidth(lineHeight);//設定畫筆的粗細

附錄一:附:Android中自訂屬性的格式詳解(引自:http://www.cnblogs.com/zhangs1986/p/3243040.html,歡醉,請尊重原創)1. reference:參考某一資源ID。    (1)屬性定義:            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)屬性使用:             <ImageView                     android:layout_width = "42dip"                     android:layout_height = "42dip"                     android:background = "@drawable/圖片ID"                     />2. color:顏色值。    (1)屬性定義:            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)屬性使用:            <TextView                     android:layout_width = "42dip"                     android:layout_height = "42dip"                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"                     />3. boolean:布爾值。    (1)屬性定義:            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)屬性使用:            <Button                    android:layout_width = "42dip"                    android:layout_height = "42dip"                    android:focusable = "true"                    />4. dimension:尺寸值。    (1)屬性定義:            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)屬性使用:            <Button                    android:layout_width = "42dip"                    android:layout_height = "42dip"                    />5. float:浮點值。    (1)屬性定義:            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)屬性使用:            <alpha                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"                   />6. integer:整型值。    (1)屬性定義:            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">                   <attr name = "visible" />                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />                   <attr name = "pivotX" />                   <attr name = "pivotY" />                   <attr name = "drawable" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)屬性使用:            <animated-rotate                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"                    android:drawable = "@drawable/圖片ID"                    android:pivotX = "50%"                    android:pivotY = "50%"                    android:framesCount = "12"                    android:frameDuration = "100"                   />7. string:字串。    (1)屬性定義:            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)屬性使用:            <com.google.android.maps.MapView                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"                    />8. fraction:百分數。    (1)屬性定義:            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">                   <attr name = "visible" />                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />                   <attr name = "drawable" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)屬性使用:            <rotate  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"               android:interpolator = "@anim/動畫ID"                 android:fromDegrees = "0"               android:toDegrees = "360"                 android:pivotX = "200%"                 android:pivotY = "300%"               android:duration = "5000"                 android:repeatMode = "restart"                 android:repeatCount = "infinite"                   />9. enum:枚舉值。    (1)屬性定義:            <declare-styleable name="名稱">                   <attr name="orientation">                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />                   </attr>                       </declare-styleable>    (2)屬性使用:            <LinearLayout                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"                    android:orientation = "vertical"                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"                    >            </LinearLayout>10. flag:位或運算。     (1)屬性定義:             <declare-styleable name="名稱">                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />                     </attr>                     </declare-styleable>     (2)屬性使用:            <activity                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"                   android:label = "@string/app_name"                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">                   <intent-filter>                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />                   </intent-filter>             </activity>     注意:     屬性定義時可以指定多種類型值。    (1)屬性定義:            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)屬性使用:             <ImageView                     android:layout_width = "42dip"                     android:layout_height = "42dip"                     android:background = "@drawable/圖片ID|#00FF00"                     />


著作權聲明:本文為博主原創文章,未經博主允許不得轉載。

Android自訂view(初級篇)

聯繫我們

該頁面正文內容均來源於網絡整理,並不代表阿里雲官方的觀點,該頁面所提到的產品和服務也與阿里云無關,如果該頁面內容對您造成了困擾,歡迎寫郵件給我們,收到郵件我們將在5個工作日內處理。

如果您發現本社區中有涉嫌抄襲的內容,歡迎發送郵件至: info-contact@alibabacloud.com 進行舉報並提供相關證據,工作人員會在 5 個工作天內聯絡您,一經查實,本站將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內容。

A Free Trial That Lets You Build Big!

Start building with 50+ products and up to 12 months usage for Elastic Compute Service

  • Sales Support

    1 on 1 presale consultation

  • After-Sales Support

    24/7 Technical Support 6 Free Tickets per Quarter Faster Response

  • Alibaba Cloud offers highly flexible support services tailored to meet your exact needs.